IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.25 


IM 

3.2 


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114    III  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


i» 


7j 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  hittoriques 


i''V«.^ 


.^j»plP^jM>f  >i*^;f  ■' 


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Tochnical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


rT7|    Coloured  covers/ 
I^AJ    Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
loro  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cev  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-§tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographlque,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


D 


0 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  matdriel  supplementaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


lire 

details 
Lies  du 
:  modifier 
ger  une 
filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanics 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exempiaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  Texempiaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


/ 
udes 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film^s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commengant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


lire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  §tre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


by  errata 
ned  to 

lent 

une  pelure, 

fapon  d 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

u 


itt 


I«pipffffpp,!il,lij,,l  ijil 


■■■M 


«** 


.i  .  ■     '^ ' 


ENTiBaD,  •econUng  to  Act  of  CoagreM,  io  the  year  1676,  by 

D.  APPLBTON   AND  COMPANY, 

Tn  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Oongieas,  at  Waahlngton. 


Uniform  with  this  volume; 

"Hand-Book  of  Sdhhbr  Rbhorts."     Illcstratbd. 
"Hand-Book  of  Winter  Rbsorts."     Ilxustkatbd. 


^ 


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though 
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PREFACE. 


Thk  main  ubjuet  thai  Iihh  been  kept  in  view  in  the  preparation  of  this 
"  Hand-Book  of  Ambbican  Citibs  "  has  been  to  combine  fuliuesB  and  pre- 
cision of  information  with  the  utmost  attainable  economy  of  space  ;  and  to 
present  tlie  information  in  such  a  manner  as  to  secure  the  greatest  possible 
facility  of  consultation.  Travelers  vho  are  accustomed  to  the  profuseness 
and  diifuseness  of  the  ordinary  guide-books  may  feel  some  natural  distrust 
of  a  book  which  proposes  to  cover  so  wide  a  field  in  so  small  a  compass  ; 
but  it  is  believed  that  practical  trial  will  convince  all  who  make  it  that  the 
present  work  contains  a  larger  amount  and  greater  variety  of  that  kind  of 
information  which  is  really  useful  to  the  tourist  and  sight-seer  than  many 
more  voluminous  and  pretentious  works.  Its  comparative  smallness  of 
dimension  and  consequent  economy  of  price  have  been  secured,  not  by 
omitting  material  facts,  but  by  studiously  excluding  all  superfluous  and 
unimportant  matter,  and  by  a  rigid  condensation  of  style. 

In  order  to  make  the  book  easy  to  consult  at  a  moment's  notice,  a  sys- 
tem of  classification  has  been  adopted,  intelligible  at  a  glance  and  uniform 
throughout  the  volume.  It  will  be  seen  at  once  that  the  field  of  search 
for  any  particular  structure  or  place  of  interest  is  thus  greatly  narrowed; 
and  the  quest  is  further  facilitated  by  distinguishing  the  object  described 
from  the  description  of  it  and  from  the  rest  of  the  text,  by  putting  it  either 
in  italics  or  in  blaek  letters.  No  mention  is  made  of  anything  which  is  not 
thought  worth  the  traveler's  attention ;  but  there  are  degrees  of  attractive- 
ness even  among  noteworthy  things,  and  this  it  is  attempted  to  indicate  by 
the  relative  typographical  prominence  accorded  them.  The  objects  and 
places  whose  names  are  printed  in  blaok  letters  are  thus  a  selection  from  a 
selection  ;  or,  to  put  it  dogmatically,  they  indicate  what  must  be  seen  as 
distinguished  from  what  may  be  seen  when  time  and  disposition  are  pro- 
pitious. 

The  illustrations  follow  the  general  line  of  the  text,  and  have  been 
selected  with  an  eye  rather  to  utility  than  to  ornament.  It  is  believed, 
however,  that,  as  a  whole,  they  will  aflbrd  an  adequate  and  trustworthy 
idea  of  American  city  architecture,  and,  in  a  lesser  degree,  of  American 
scenery  and  engineering  achievements. 

Much  care  nas  been  taken  to  make  the  Hand-Book  accurate  and  fiilly 
date  in  its  information ;  but  in  dealing  with  so  many  and  diverse 
facts  it  is  probable  that  some  errors  have  crept  in,  and  that  there  are  some 
omissions.  The  book  will  be  kept  standing  in  type  and  subjected  to  a 
thorough  annual  revision,  and  the  editor  will  be  grateful  for  any  corrections 
or  suggestions.  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  Editob  of 
AppLBTONs'  Hand-Book  OF  Ambrican  Citirs,  care  of  D.  Appleton  &  Co., 
New  York. 


:X 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


M.,  mile  or  miles  ;  aq.  m.,  square  mileH ;  ft.,  foot  or  feet ;  hrs.,  hours  ;  r.,  right ;  I.,  left ; 
«or.,  corner ;  St,  street ;  Sta.,  streets ;  Ave.,  avenue ;  N.,  north  ;  S.,  south  ;  K.,  east ;  W.,  weat. 


CONTENTS. 


TAQU 

Pmvaok .....:t ill 

Hum  TO  TRAVKLiRa rill 

Cnm: 

New  York 5 

Brooklyn ^ 80 

Philadelphia 88 

Baltimore 8S 

Wanhington 40 

68 

50 

57 

«0 


Albany  . . . . 
Roohester. . 

Bulhlo 

Boston  . . . . , 
New  Haren. 
Hartford  . . . 
Providence  . 


70 

78 

74 

PItUburg 77 

Allegheny  City 7» 

Detroit 80 

OleTeland 84 

Columbus,  Ohio 87 

Chicago 89 

Milwaukee 96 

€lncinnati 101 

Louisville 107 

St.  Louis 110 

flan  Francisco 181 

WchmoiKl 187 

Charleston 181 

Savannah 186 

Mobile 187 

New  Orleans 189 

Montreal 146 

Quebec 148 

Ottawa 168 

Toronto 164 

Itovns  or  Tbatil: 

New  York  to  Philadelphia 28 

Philadelphia  to  Baltimore 86 

Baltimore  to  Washington 40 

New  York  to  Albany 61 

Albany  to  Rochester  and  Buffalo 66 

New  York  to  Boston 69 

New  York  to  New  Haven 70 

New  Haven  to  Hartford 79 


CONTENTa 


Hi 

Till 

so 

98 

80 

40 

SS 

OA 

67 

60 

70 

72 

74 

77 

70 

80 

84 

87 

80 

06 

101 

107 

110 

181 

127 

181 

186 

187 

180 

146 

148 

162 

164 

28 
86 
40 
61 
66 
60 
70 
.      78 


New  HkTen  to  Pro»ldence '* 

Philadelphia  to  Plituburg 7» 

Kew  Yori(  to  Chicago : 

RouU  /.,  iiiit  New  York   Central  k  IliiJuon   River   R.   R.,  and   Oreat   Weitern 
and  Michigan  Central  RAllwityn 

Rout*  IT.,  via  Erie  and  Lake  Hhore  &  Mlihignn  Hoiithem  Railwayn 

Route  III,  via  "  i'an-llanJle  Route  " 

Routt  IV.,  ma"  Allentown  Line" 

Chicago  to  Milwaukee 

New  York  to  Cincinnati : 

Roul*  I.,  via  Erie  and  Atlantic  b  Great  Westerii  Hailw  iv» 

Routt  II.,  via  "  Pan-Handlo  Route" 

Baltimore  to  Oinclnnati 

Clndni.    .  to  Louisville 

Chicago  to  St.  Loui« 

Chicago  to  Omfxha 

Omaha  to  San  Francisco 

Washington  to  Richmond 

Richmond  to  CiHrlcston « 

Charleston  to  Havannali 

Savannah  to  Mobile ■ 

Mobile)  to  New  Orleans 

Mam:  ""■■.-;,...■    .'■.-;••  i^i-'W 

Railway  Map  of  the  Northern  and  Western  Stetei, 
Railway^Map  of  the  Southern  States.' 
Mao  of  the  Pacific  Railroad.        .      ',  .-  >      , 

iNniex 18© 


80 
82 
BA 
88 
06 

07 
08 
08 
10ft 
110 
116 
117 
12ft 
180 
184 
187 
18» 


A. 


,^' 


iii!^jffl^!yjyiJ|iiyi)Jipyifiii 


HiMP 


HINTS   TO    TRAVELERS. 


Railway-fabeb,  hotel-cliargee,  etc.,  are,  in  most,  instances,  given  in  the  body  of 
the  Hand-Book,  but  a  word  or  two  may  prove  useful  at  tli<>  outset. 

The  cost  of  traveling  by  rail  in  America  is  from  two  to  three  cents  per  mile,  in 
the  Middle  and  Eastern  States;  it  is  somewhat  higher  South  and  West.  Children 
under  twelve  years  of  age  are  generally  charged  half-price;  those  under  five  are 

Sassed  free.  Sleeping- coaches  are  run  on  all  through-trains;  from  |2  to  |3  per 
ay  (of  24  hours),  in  addition  to  the  regular  fare,  is  usually  charged  for  them.  The 
average  speed  on  express  trains  is  80  miles  an  hour.  Travel  on  steamboats  is 
somewhat  less  expensive  and  less  expeditious  than  by  rail. 

The  charge  at  first-class  hotels  throughout  the  United  States  is  from  $4  to  $4.50 
a  day.  though  good  accommodations  may  be  had  at  houses  of  the  second  class  ($2.60 
to  |3.o0  a  day).  A  reduction  is  usually  made  on  board  by  the  week.  The  cost  of 
mealis  while  traveling  may  be  estimated  at  from  $2  to  $3  per  day.  The  best  hotels 
in  the  various  cities  are  designate,'  in  their  proper  places  in  the  body  of  il.o  Hand- 
book ;  they  are  named  in  what  the  editor  believes  to  be  the  order  of  their  luerit. 

Travelers  from  abroad  will  understand  that  the  present  currency  iu  the  United 
States,  with  the  exception  of  California,  consists  of  U.  S.  Treasury  notes  (called 
"greenbacks")  and  National  Bank  bills.  All  prices  are  understood  to  be  in  this 
paper,  v.hich  is  now  at  a  discount  for  gold  of  from  12  to  15  per  cent.  In  Califor- 
nia, gold  and  silver  only  are  used.  In  Canada  the  currency  is  coin,  or  notes  of  the 
local  banks,  which  are  at  par. 

It  is  the  custom  in  America  to  deliver  baggage  to  a  person  known  as  the  bag- 
gage-master, who  will  give  in  return  f  "  check  "  for  every  piece,  on  presentation  of 
which  the  baggage  is  delivered.  Baggage  may  be  checked  ovei  long  routes  in  this 
way,  and  the  traveler,  no  matter  how  many  times  he  changes  cars  or  vehicles,  has 
no  concern  about  it.  The  companies  are  responsible  if  the  baggage  should  be  injured 
or  lost,  the  check  being  evidence  of  delivery  into  their  hands.  The  traveler  should 
first  procure  his  ticket  at  the  ticket-office,  and  then,  proceeding  to  the  baggage-car, 
or  proper  station  of  the  baggage-master,  have  his  trunks  checked.  Arriving  at  his 
destination,  tlie  check  may  be  handed  to  the  hotel-porter,  always  in  waiting,  who 
will  procure  the  various  articles  and  have  them  sent  to  the  hoteh 

It  is  not  necessary  to  fee  porters  and  waiters  in  the  United  States,  as  it  is  in 
Europe,  but  the  practice  has  some  slight  and  irregular  observance.  The  traveler 
is  free  to  do  as  he  pleases  in  the  matter. 

In  all  large  cities  there  are  omnibuses  at  the  station  on  the  arrival  of  every 
train,  wh  il\  connect  directly  with  the  princiitnl  hotels.  A  small  charge  is  made 
for  this '  inveyance. 

As  r  ^ards  outfit,  it  is  important  for  the  traveler  that  he  should  be  dressed  w:!,h 
sufficieni  warmth.  Our  American  climate  is  very  changeable,  and  the  traveler  had 
better  suflTer  at  noonday  from  too  much  clothing  than  expose  himself  at  night,  in 
storms,  or  to  sudden  changes  of  temperature,  with  too  little.  One  should  wear 
woolen  underclothing,  both  summer  and  winter,  and  always  have  a  shawl  or  extra 
wrapj .  r  of  some  kind  at  hand. 


1.1 


*^*  In  addition  to  the  Hand-Book  of  Cities,  the  tr.ivclei"  will  need  a  copy  of 
Appletons'  Railway  Guide,  published  semi-monthly,  with  time-tables  corrected  to 
date ;  price,  twenty-five  cents. 


It* 


mm 


«■ 


fiven  in  tho  body  of 
set. 

e  cents  p^r  mile,  in 
d  West.  Children 
hose  under  five  are 
from  $2  to  |3  per 
ged  for  them.  The 
1  on  steamboats  is 

is  from  $4  to  |4.60 

second  class  (|2.60 

veek.     The  cost  of 

y.     The  b<t8t  hotels 

body  of  il.o  Hand- 

er  of  their  n^erit. 

rency  in  the  United 

amiry  notps  (called 

stood  to  be  in  this 

cent.     In  Califor- 

oin,  or  notes  of  the 

known  as  the  bag- 
,  on  presentation  of 
t  long  routes  in  this 
sars  or  vehicles,  has 
ge  should  be  injured 
The  trAveler  shonld 
to  the  baggage-car, 
)d.  Arriving  at  his 
lys  in  waiting,  who 

1  States,  as  it  is  in 
ince.    The  traveler 

he  arrival  of  every 
lall  charge  is  made 

lid  be  dressed  w:':,h 
nd  the  traveler  had 
liimself  at  night,  in 
One  should  wear 
e  a  shawl  or  extra 


ill  need  a  copy  of 
tables  corrected  to 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


NBW  YORK  OITT. 


New  York  from  Brooklyn. 

~VT"EW  YORK  CITY,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  United  States,  and  largest 
l\l  city  of  the  Western  Hemisphere,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hudson  River 
on  New  York  Bay,  in  latitude  about  41°  N.,  and  longitude  71°  W.  It  occupies  the 
entire  surface  of  Manhattan  Island ;  Randall's,  Ward's,  and  Blackwell's  Islands  in 
the  East  River;  Bedloe's,  Ellis's,  and  Governor's  Islands  in  the  Bay,  occupitnl  by 
the  United  States  Government ;  and  a  portion  of  the  mainland  north  of  Manhattan 
Island,  and  separated  from  it  by  Harlem  River  and  Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek.  Its  ex- 
treme length  N.  from  the  Battery  is  16  m. ;  greatest  width,  from  the  Hudson  to  the 
mouth  of  Bronx  River,  4^  ra. ;  area,  nearly  4H  sq.  m,  or  26,500  acres,  of  which 
12,100  acres  are  on  the  mainland.  Manhattan  Island,  on  which  the  city  proper 
stands,  is  18^  m.  long,  and  vnries  in  breadth  from  a  few  hundred  yards  to  2J  m., 
having  an  area  of  nearly  22  sq.  m.,  or  14,000  acres,  to  which  the  islands  in  the  East 
River  add  400  more.  The  older  portion  of  the  city  below  14th  St.  is  somewhat 
irregularly  laid  out.  The  plan  of  tne  upper  part  includes  avenues  running  N.  to  the 
boundary  of  the  island,  and  streets  running  across  them  at  right  angles  from  river  to 
river.  The  avenues  are  numbered  from  the  E  to  l^th  Avenue ;  E.  of  the  Ist  Avenue 
in  the  widest  part  of  the  city  are  Avenues  A,  B,  C,  and  D.  Above  21st  St.,  between 
8d  and  4th  Avenues,  is  Lexington  Avenue,  and  above  23d  St.,  between  4th  and  5th 
Avenues,  Madison  Avenue ;  6th  and  7th  Avenues  are  intersected  by  Central  Park, 
The  streets  are  numbered  consecutively  N.  to  226th  St.,  at  the  end  of  the  island;  21 
blocks,  including  streets,  average  a  mile.  The  numbers  on  the  avenues  run  N. ; 
those  on  the  streets  run  E.  and  W.  from  5th  Avenue.  The  city  is  compactly  built  to 
Central  Park,  about  6  m.  from  the  Battery,  and  on  the  E.  side  for  the  most  part  to 
Harlem,  8i  m.  farther.  Manhattanville  (8  m.),  and  Carniansville  (10  m.)  on  the  W. 
side,  are  populous  villages.  At  Fort  Washington  and  above  are  many  handsome 
qountry  residences.    Distances  are  calculated  from  City  Hall. 

The  harbor  of  New  York  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  picturesque  in  the  wond. 
The  outer  bar  is  at  Sandy  Hook,  18  m.  from  the  Battery,  and  is  crossed  by  two 
ship-channels,  either  of  which  admits  vessels  of  the  heaviest  draught.  As  the  steamer 
from  abroad  enters  the  Bay  from  the  sea,  and  sails  through  the  Narrows,  between 
the  villa-crowned  shores  of  Staten  and  Long  Islands,  on  the  1.  are  seen  the  massive 
battlements  of  Fort  RichaMd  and  Fsrt  Tompldu;   while  opposite,  on  the  Long 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIEP. 


Island  shore,  are  Fort  HuiUtM  and  old  Fort  Lafayettey  the  latter  more  famous  as 
a  political  prison  timn  as  a  fortress.  Passing  amid  these  imposing  fortifications,  the 
]>anorama  of  harbor  and  city  is  rapidly  unfolded.  To  the  1.  is  Bedloe't  I»la>id,  a 
mere  bank  holding  a  fort ;  another  island  fort  (Ellis's  Island)  stands  still  farther 
toward  the  Jersey  shore;  and  to  the  r.  is  Governor's  Island,  with  old  Fort  CoIib- 
bu.  Directly  ahead,  the  city  opens  majestically  to  the  view,  with  Brooklyn  on  the 
r.,  and  Jersey  City  on  the  1. 

The  authentic  iiistory  of  New  York  begins  with  the  visit  of  Ilendrick  Hudson, 
an  Englishman  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company,  who  arrived  \t  the 
site  of  the  present  city,  Sept.  3,  1609.  He  afterward  ascended  the  river  as  far  as 
the  site  of  Albany,  and  claimed  the  land  by  fight  of  discovery  as  an  appanage  of 
Holland.  In  1614  a  Dutch  colony  came  over  and  began  a  settlement.  At  the  close 
of  that  year  the  future  metropolis  consisted  of  a  small  fort  (on  the  site  of  the  present 
Bowling  Green)  and  four  houses,  and  was  known  as  New  Amsterdam.  As  late  as 
1648  it  contained  Ix.it  1,000  inhabitants.  In  1664  it  was  surrendered  to  the  British, 
and,  passing  into  the  hands  of  the  Duke  of  York,  was  thenceforward  called  New 
York.  In  1667  the  city  contained  384  houses.  In  1700  the  population  had  in- 
creased to  about  6,000.  In  1696  Trinity  Church  was  founded.  In  1711  a  slave- 
market  was  established  in  Wall  Street;  tnd  in  1725  the  Neic  York  Gazette  was 
started.  The  American  army  under  Wasnington  occupied  the  city  in  1776;  but 
M|i  after  the  battles  of  Long  Island  and  Harlem  Heights,  it  was  captured  by  the  British 

1 1  forces,  and  remained  their  head(|uarters  for  7  years.    The  British  troops  evacuated 

IBb  the  city  Nov.  25,  1788.     Within  ten  years  after  the  War  of  Independence,  New  York 

had  doubled  its  population.  In  1807  the  first  steafiiboat  was  put  on  the  Hudson ; 
the  completion  of  the  Erie  Canal  followed  in  1826  ;  and  since  that  time  the  growth 
of  the  city  has  been  rapid.  Its  population  in  1800,  was  60,489;  it  was  123,706  in 
1820,  312,710  in  1840,  515,847  in  1850,  812,869  in  1860,  and  942,377  in  1870.  It  is 
IV  estiiuated  that  there  are  1,500,000  persons  in  New  York  at  noon  on  every  secular 
day.  Commerce  and  industry  have  kept  pace  with  the  population.  In  1870  there 
arrived  at  this  port  14,587  vessels  from  the  American  coast,  and  4,688  from  foreign 
ports.  In  1874  the  imports  were  $895,138,622,  and  the  exports  $354,699,782. 
More  than  half  tne  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  is  carried  on  through  the 
customs  district  of  which  this  is  the  port,  and  itbont  two-thirds  of  the  duties  are 
here  collected,  the  whole  amount  for  the  year  ending  June  80,  1874,  being  $160,- 
522,284.63,  of  which  $109,549,790.79  was  collected  in  the  New  York  district.  The 
manufactures  of  New  York,  though  secondary  in  importance  to  its  commercial  and 
mercantile  interests,  are  varied  and  extensive.  In  the  value  of  products,  according 
to  the  census  of  1870,  it  is  the  first  city  in  the  Union,  though  surpassed  by  Phila- 
delphia in  the  value  of  materials  used,  amount  of  capital  invested,  and  number  of 
establishments.  The  whole  number  of  manufacturing  establishments  in  1870  was 
7,624,  employing  129,577  bonds,  and  producing  goods  valued  at  $382,951,520. 

Hotels,  BefltamBts,  and  Clibs. — Of  the  hotels  conducted  on  the  regular  or  American 
plan,  the  host  ore :  the  Windsor,  a  new  and  elegantly-appointed  house,  cor.  5th  Ave- 
nue and  46th  St.;  the  F(/th  Avenue,  an  immense  marble  building  in  5th  Avenue 
fronting  Madison  Sijuare ;  the  St,  Nicholas,  another  marble  structure  in  Broadway 
between  Spring  and  Prince  Sts. ;  the  Metropolitan,  a  capacious  brownstone 
building  nt  Broadway  and  Prince  St. ;  the  Chrand  Central,  a  lofty  building  on  Broad- 
way opposite  Bond  St. ;  and  the  N'eie  York,  a  plain  brick  structure  occupying  an 
entire  block  in  Broadway  between  Washington  Place  and  Waverley  Place.  The 
prices  at  these  range  from  $3.50  per  day  at  the  Grand  Central  and  New  York  to  $6 
per  day  at  the  Windsor  and  Fifth  Avenuct  Of  the  hotels  conducted  on  the  Euro- 
pean plan,  among  the  best  ore:  the  Grand  Hotel  (cor.  Broadway  and 31st  St.);  the 
Gilsey  House  (cor.  Broadway  and  29th  St.) ;  the  Hoffman  House  (cor.  Broadway  and 
24th  St.);  the  »!?^  Cloud  (cor.  Broadway  and  42d  St.);  the  Buekingham  (cor.  5th 
Avenue  and  50th  St.);  the  Westmirister  (cor.  Irving  Place  and  16th  St.),  the  Clar- 
endon (cor.  4th  Avenue  and  18th  St.) ;  the  Everett  House  (cor.  4th  Avenue  and  17th 
St.);  the  Brewort  (cor.  6th  Avenue  and  8th  St.);  and  the  famous  old  Astor  House 
in  Broadway  opposite  the  Post-OflSce.    The  charges  for  rooms  range  from  $1  to  $8 


KUHMMMM 


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ick  Hudson, 
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At  the  close 
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As  late  as 
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.711  a  slave- 
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J  the  British 
ps  evacuated 
se,  New  York 
the  Hudson; 
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In  1870  there 
from  foreign 
1354,699,782. 
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the  duties  are 
,  being  $160,- 
district.    The 
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ham  (cor.  5th 
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from  |1  to  $3 


NEW  YORK   CITY.  7 

per  day,  with  meals  d  la  earte  in  the  house  or  elsewhere.  Among  the  cheaper  ho- 
tels, frequented  by  business  men,  the  more  desirable  are  the  MerehanU\  Wettem^ 
Ootmopolitan,  Frenches,  LeggeWa,  Sweeney^*,  and  Park,  all  situated  in  the  lower 
portion  of  the  city.  There  are  upward  of  150  other  hotels  of  all  grades ;  and  board 
and  lodging  may  be  obtained  at  boarding-houses  in  all  parts  of  the  city  at  from  |8 
to  |15  i)er  week,  for  which  consult  advertisements  in  New  York  Herald. 

There  are  numerous  restaurants  in  all  the  priucipal  streets.  Delmonico^t,  cor. 
5th  Avenue  and  14th  St.,  is  one  of  the  best  dining-places  in  the  world,  and  is  famous 
for  its  elaborate  dinners.  The  Cqfe  Brunswick,  cor.  26th  St.  and  5th  Avenue ;  the 
Hoffman  Houm,  cor.  24th  St.  and  Broadway ;  laach^n,  864  Broadway ;  Clark's, 
cor.  Broadway  and  13th  St. ;  Bigot's,  14th  St.,  Union  Square ;  St.  Bents,  cor.  Broad- 
way and  11th  St.;  and  the  Metropolitan,  cor.  Broadway  and  Prince,  are  all  of 
excellent  repute,  and  places  where  ladies  or  families  may  dine.  Delmonieo's,  at  the 
corner  of  Broadway  and  Chambers  St. ;  Mouquin's,  Ann  St.,  near  Nassau  St. ; 
and  the  Astor  House,  are  first-class  restaurants  for  gentlemen.  There  are  a  number 
of  restaurants  where  excellent  tahle-d'hdte  dinners  may  be  got  from  6  to  6  p.  m.,  for 
from  75  c.  to  $1,  the  latter  price  usually  including  wine ;  of  these  we  may  mention 
Phillippe's,  IB  University  Place ;  Jacqueses,  64  W.  11th  St. ;  University  Hotel,  Univer- 
.sity  Place — all  near  Broadway.  There  are  English  chop-houses,  so  called,  where  a 
first-rate  grill  may  be  obtained,  of  which  "  Old  Tom^s,"  Thames  St.  (near  rear  of 
Trinity  Church),  Farrish's,  64  John  St.,  Black's  (Manhattan  Lunch),  498  Broadway, 
and  the  Be  Soto,  Bleecker  St.,  just  E.  of  Broadway,  are  noted. 

The  most  prominent  city  Clubs  are  the  Century,  109  E.  15th  St.;  the  Knieier- 
hoeker,  249  5th  Avenue;  the  Manhattan,  96  5th  Avenue;  the  Union,  League,  cor. 
Madison  Avenue  and  E.  26th  St. ;  the  Tranelers\  222  6th  Avenue ;  the  Union,  cor. 
5th  Avenue  and  W.  21st  St. ;  the  Germanic,  W.  42d  St. ;  and  the  Lotos,  iu  Irving 
Place.    Admission  to  these  is  obtained  only  by  introdnotion  by  a  member. 

Depots. — The  Grand  Central  Bepot,  in  42d  St.,  between  4th  and  Madison  Ave- 


Orud  Central  Depot. 

nues,  is  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  country,  and  is  used  by  most  passenger-trains 
of  the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  R.  R.,  and  by  the  New  York  and  Harlem 
and  New  York  and  New  Haven  Railroads.  It  is  built  of  brick,  stone,  and  iron, 
and  cost  nearly  $2,250,000.    It  is  692  ft.  long,  and  240  ft.  wide,  and  is  surmounted 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


bj  several  Louvre  domes.  It  covers  66^  city  lots,  and,  besides  containing  waiting^ 
and  baggnge  rooms  and  offices,  admits  160  cars.  The  depot  of  the  Pennsylvania 
R.  R.  is  reached  by  ferries  from  foot  of  Desbrosses  and  Cortlandt  Sts. ;  the  Erie 
from  foot  of  Chambers  and  of  23d  Sts. ;  tlie  Midland,  same  as  Pennsylvania ;  the 
Morris  &  Essex  from  Barclay  and  Christopher  Sts. ;  the  Jersey  Central  from  foot 
of  Lii)erty  St. ;  the  Long  Island  from  James  Slip  and  84th  St. ;  the  iiouth  Side 
from  Roosevelt  and  Grand  Sts. ;  and  the  Flushing  from  James  Slip. 

Hades  tf  CMVeyaBM. — Within  the  city  proper  are  omnibuses,  haekney  and  livery 
eoaehes,  horse-cars,  and,  to  the  more  remote  portions,  «<eflc/w-car«.  The  hacicney- 
ooaclies  have  stands  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  and  attend  the  arrival  of  every 
train  and  steamboat.  A  tariff  of  fares  is  or  ought  to  be  hung  in  each  carriage,  but 
the  drivers  frequently  try  to  practise  extortion.  In  such  cases,  appeal  should  be 
made  to  the  first  policeman  wlio  may  be  seen.  Disputed  questions  as  to  time,  dis- 
tance, or  price,  must  be  settled  at  the  Mayor's  office  (City  Hall).  The  legal  rate* 
are,  for  1  passenger  for  a  distance  of  1  mile  or  less,  50  c. ;  for  1  passenger  for  more 
than  1  m.  and  less  than  2  m.,  75  c. ;  for  each  additional  passenger,  87}  o. ;  by  th& 
hour,  stopping  as  often  as  may  be  required,  $1.  Cliildren  l)etween  2  and  14  years 
of  age  i>ay  half-price.  The  principal  hotels  have  carriages  in  waiting  for  the  use 
of  guests ;  the  rates  are  higher  than  those  of  the  public  carriages.  The  omnibuses^ 
start  from  South,  Wall  St.,  and  Fulton  Ferries,  running  up  Broadway  as  far  as  23d 
St.,  whence  one  line  diverges  W.  to  Hudson  li.  R.  station  at  30th  St.  and  9th  Ave- 
nue ;  anotlier  up  Madison  Avenue  to  Grand  Central  Depot ;  another  up  5th  Ave- 
nue. Fare,  10  c.  The  principal  horse-car  lin  s  start  from  the  vicinity  of  the  Astor 
House,  and  traverse  the  city  from  end  to  end.  Besides  these,  there  are  several 
cross-town  lines  running  from  river  to  riyer.  Fare  on  most  of  the  lines,  5  c.  The 
Elevated  Railway  runs  from  the  Battery  to  Central  Park  at  59th  St.  The  track  i» 
supported  by  iron  pillars,  and  the  cars  are  luxurious,  and  drawn  by  small  locomo- 
tives. Fare,  10  c.  Numerous  ferries  connect  New  York  with  Brooklyn,  Jersey 
City,  and  adjacent  towns  and  villages.     {See  Beookltn.) 

Streets,  Atcims,  aid  Drivcft — Broadway  is  the  great  central  thoroughfare  of  the  oity^ 
It  is  80  ft.  wide,  and  upon  it  are  most  of  the  principal  hotels,  banks,  inBurano& 
offices,  and  great  retail  stores.  It  runs  N.  from^  the  Battery,  bending  toward  the 
W.  above  10th  St.,  and  after  crossing  6th,  6th,  and  7th  Avenues,  terminates  at  59th 
St.  and  8th  Avenue.  Wall  Street,  less  than  half  a  mile  long,  running  from  Broadway 
opposite  Trinity  Church  to  the  East  River,  is  the  monetary  centre  of  the  country. 
It  contains  the  custom-house.  United  States  sub-treasury  and  assay  office,  and  many 
of  the  principal  banks  and  banking  firms,  housed  in  large  and  handsome  buildings. 
On  the  £.  side  of  the  city  the  principal  thoroughfare  is  the  Itowery,  a  very  wide 
street,  with  its  continuation,  8d  Avenue ;  and  on  the  W.  side  Hudson  Street  and  8th 
Avenue.  Fifth  iTeam  is  the  favorite  promenade ;  it  contaihs  many  fine  churches, 
but  is  chiefly  noted  for  its  handsome  private  residences,  to  which  it  is  almost  exclu- 
sively devoted.  Madison  Avenue  is  scarcely  inferior  in  the  elegance  of  its  build- 
ings, and  nearly  all  the  cross-streets  from  28d  to  42d  St.  present  fine  examples  of  the 
prevailing  domestic  architecture.  Park  Atcim  (which  includes  that  paxt  of  4th 
Avenue  lying  between  84th  and  40th  ^ts.)  is  140  ft.  wide,  is  bordered  by  handsome 
residences,  and  is  divided  in  the  centre  by  a  row  of  beautiful  little  parks,  surround- 
ing the  openings  of  the  railroad-tunnel.  The  favorite  drives  outside  of  Central 
Park  are  the  Boulevard,  St.  Nicholas  Avenue,  and  6th  and  7th  Avenues  above  the 
park.  The  Bailevard  commences  at  69th  St.  and  8th  Avenue,  and  terminates  at 
166th  St.,  following  for  the  most  part  the  line  of  the  old  Bloomingdale  Road,  the 
continuation  of  Broadway,  and  coinciding  above  107th  St.  with  11th  Avenue;  it  is 
150  tl.  wide,  and  below  128th  St.  is  divided  in  the  centre  by  a  series  of  little  parks. 
St.  Nicholas  Avenu,  100  ft.  wide,  runs  diagonally  along  the  former  Harlem  Lane 
from  the  upper  side  of  Central  Park  at  6th  Avenue  and  110th  St.  to  166th  St.,  whence 
its  continuation  is  the  Kingsbridge  Road. 

Oljeds  cf  Aatlqurtai  Iiterest.-^ Standing  on  the  sea-verge  of  the  Battery  is  a 
curious  round  structure  which  is  now  known  as  Castle  Garden,  but  which  was 
originally  built  in  1807  as  a  fortress  ("  Castle  Clinton  ").    It  was  ceded  to  the  city 


in  1821 
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of  144 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 


ling  waiting- 

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the  Erie 

ylvania;  the 

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up  5th  Ave- 

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are  several 

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ire  of  the  oity^ 

tks,  insurance 
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om  Broadway 
if  the  country.. 
Bee,  and  many 
ome  buildings, 
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nues  above  the 
terminates  at 
;dale  Road,  the 
I  Avenue ;  it  is 
of  little  parks. 
■  Harlem  Lane 
5th  St.,  whence 

B  Battery  is  a 
}at  which  was 
ided  to  the  city 


in  1828,  and  was  the  scene  of  the  civic  receptions  of  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette,  Gen- 
eral Jackson,  President  Tyler,  and  others.  Subsequently  it  became  an  opera-house, 
and  here  Jenny  Lind,  Sontag,  Mario,  etc.,  made  their  appearance.  The  building  is 
now  used  as  a  depot  for  immigrants,  and  is  the  chief  receiving  and  distributing  res- 
ervoir of  the  great  tide  of  immigration  from  Europe.  Bowling  Green,  the  cradle 
of  New  York,  is  just  N.  of  the  Battery;  in  the  times  of  the  Dutch  it  was  the  court 
end  of  the  town,  and  was  surrounded  by  the  best  house*  Tho  row  of  six  buildings 
facing  the  Green  on  the  S.  cover  the  site  of  the  old  Duich  and  English  forts.  The 
Kennedy  Home,  No.  1  Broadway,  named  after  tlie  Hon.  Archibald  Kennedy,  then 
collector  of  the  port,  who  built  it  in  1760,  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  relics  now 
left  standing.  In  colonial  times  it  was  the  heart  of  the  highest  fashion  in  the  colony, 
having  been  successively  the  residence  and  lieadquarters  of  Lords  Gomwallis  and 
Howe,  General  (Sir  Henry)  Clinton,  and  General  Washington ;  Talleyrand  also  lived 
there  during  his  stay  in  this  country.  Arnold  occupied  No.  6  Broadwav,  and  in 
Clinton's  headquarters  his  treasonable  projects  were  concerted.  Fulton  died  in  a 
room  in  the  present  Washington  Hotel,  No.  1  Marketfield  St.  It  was  then  (1816) 
used  as  a  boarding-house.  Washington's  farewell  interview  with  his  officers  took 
place  at  France's  Tavern,  cor.  of  Pearl  and  Broad  Sts.,  long  since  removed.  Where 
the  Mechanics'  Bank  now  stands,  S.  side  of  Wall  St.,  between  Broad  and  'William 
Sts.,  Hamilton  wrote  the  "Federalist."  The  old  Walton  House,  No.  826  Pearl  St., 
«reoted  by  Walton  in  1754,  is  one  of  the  few  old  structures  remaining  in  the  city. 
The  old  churches,  etc.,  are  spoken  Of  elsewhtTo. 


Post-OBice. 

PiMie  ud  Frsalmt  BilMtaigg. — Occupying  the  southern  extremity  of  City  Hall 
Park,  opposite  the  Astor  House,  is  the  new  Pwt-OflBfe,  an  imposing  building  of 
Doric  and  Renaissance  architecture,  four  stories  high,  besides  a  Mansard  roof,  and 
}<urmounted  by  several  Louvre  domes,  with  a  front  of  279  ft.  toward  the  Park,  and 
of  144  ft.  toward  the  S.,  and  two  equal  facades  of  262i^  ft.  on  Broadway  and  Park 


10 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


Itow.  T]ie  walls  are  of  granite,  and  the  building  is  fire-proof.  It  cost  between 
'|fl,000,000  and  $7,000,000,  and  was  occai)ied  in  1876.  The  upper  floors  are  for 
the  U.  S.  Courts.  The  City  JTnll,  in  the  Park,  N.  of  the  Post-Office,  is  a  hond- 
»>nie  structure  in  the  Italian  style,  three  stories  high,  with  front  and  ends  of  white 
'.'narhlo,  nnd  roar  of  brownstone.  It  is  216  ft.  long  by  105  ft.  deep,  with  Ionic, 
Oor'nthiun,  and  composite  ])ilaHters  lining  its  front,  and  sunnountwl  by  a  cupola 
containing  a  four-dial  clock,  which  is  ilhiminated  at  night  by  gas.  It  wa" 
erected  from  1808  to  1812,  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $500,000,  and  is  occupied  by 
the  Mayor,  Common  Council,  and  other  jiiiblic  officers.  The  Governor's  J-.ooni, 
in  the  second  story,  contains  the  writing-desk  on  which  Washington  wrote  hi» 
first  message  to  Congress,  the  chairs  used  by  the  first  Congress,  the  chair  in 
which  Washington  was  inaugurated  first  President,  and  a  number  of  portraits  of 
American  worthies,  mostly  by  eminent  artists.  It  has  also  a  very  fine  portrait  of 
Columbus.  N.  of  tiie  (Mty  Hall  is  the  new  foirt-Haiw,  which  was  commenced  in 
1801,  and  has  been  occupied  since  1807,  but  it  is  not  yet  completed.  It  is  a  massive 
edifice  in  the  Corinthian  style,  three  stories  high,  250  ft.  long  and  150  wide,  and  the 
crown  of  the  dome  is  to  be  210  ft.  above  the  sidewalk  ;  the  walls  are  of  white  mar- 
ble; the  beams,  staircases,  etc.,  are  of  iron;  while  black  walnut  and  choice  Georgia 
pine  are  employed  in  the  interior  decoration.  The  main  entrance  on  Cliambers  St. 
18  reached  by  a  flight  of  30  broad  stops,  which  are  ornamented  with  massivf  marble 
columns.  The  cost  of  the  building  and  furniture  was  over  $12,000,000,  the  result  of 
the  notorious  "  Ring  frauds,"  of  which  it  was  the  instrument.  The  Toabs  is  a 
granite  prison  occupying  tlie  entire  block  bounded  by  Centre,  Leonard,  Elm,  and 
Franklin  Sts.  It  is  pure  Egyptian  in  architecture,  and  the  entrance  on  Centre  St.  is 
imposing  if  gloomy.  Another  building  in  the  Egyptian  style  is  the  PUtributinff 
Retervoir  of  the  (Voton  A(|ueduct,  5th  Avenue,  40tii  to  42d  St.  The  CistOM'HMsr, 
Wall  St.,  cor.  William,  was  built  in  1835aBtlie  Merchants'  Exchange,  and  is  famous 
for  the  great  grarite  jilinths  of  tlio  columns  that  support  the  pediment  of  the  front 

elevation.  It  has 
a  depth  of  200  ft, 
a  frontage  of  144 
ft.,  and  a  rear 
breadth  of  l7l  ft. 
Its  height  to  the 
top  of  the  central 
dome  is  124  ft. 
Meneath  this  dome, 
in  the  interior  of 
tlie  building,  is  the 
'  '  ttunda,  around 
the  sides  of  which 
are  eight  lofty  col- 
umns of  Italian 
marble,  the  superb 
Corinthian  capi- 
tals of  which  were 
carved  in  Italy. 
They  support  the 
base  of  the  dome, 
and  are  probably 
custom-House.  the  largest  and  no- 

l>1est  marble  columns  in  tlio  country.  Tiie  !'•  S>  Sik-Treasirjr,  formerly  the  Cns- 
tom-House,  is  a  white-marble  building  at  the  cor.  of  Wall  and  Nassau  Sts.  It  is  a 
fine'specimen  of  Doric  architecture,  and  is  200  ft.  long,  80  ft.  wide,  and  80  ft.  high. 
The  main  entrance  on  Wall  St.  is  reached  by  a  flight  of  18  marble  steps,  and  in  the 
interior  is  a  Rotunda  60  ft.  in  diameter,  and  surrounded  by  16  Corinthian  columns. 
Tlie  old  Federal  Hall  used  to  stand  on  this'  site,  and  the  spot  is  classic  as  that  where- 
on Washington  delivered  his  inaugnral  address.    Just  opposite  is  the  handsome 


.^JjfeS^   ■<>. 


'"■■""..'.UtiJJI-'.J ^1— CTCT^ 


NEW   YOHK  CITY. 


n 


ost  between 
oors  are  for 
ix  a  hond- 
idB  of  white 
with  Ionic, 
by  a  cupola 

It    WB" 

occupied  by 

nor's  J%ooni, 

n  wrote  hi» 

he  chair  in 

l)(>rtrait8  of 

portrait  of 

inmenced  in 

in  n  maflsive 

ido,  and  the 

f  white  mar- 

!oice  Georgia 

'liiunbers  St. 

iisaivf  luarbl© 

tlic  result  of 

e  ToMks  is  a 

ird,  Elm,  and 

Centre  St.  is 

Phtrihutinff 

Castom-llonsr, 

find  is  famous 

t  of  the  front 

tion.     It  has 

)th  of  200  ft, 

nta^e  of  144 

and     a    rear 

(1th  of  171  ft. 

leiglit  to  the 

)f  the  central 

e    is    124    ft. 

iath  this  dome, 

le  interior  of 

)nilding,  is  the 

inda,     around 

tides  of  which 

iight  lofty  col- 

s    of    Italian 

3le,  the  superb 

nthian     capi- 

of  which  were 

ed    in    Italy. 

r  support  the 

of  tlie  dome, 

are  probably 

argest  and  no- 

erly  the  Ous- 

u  Sts.    It  is  a 

ad  80  ft.  high. 

ps,  and  in  th& 

hian  columns. 

is  that  where- 

the  handsome 


Drexfl  Building^  in  the  Renaissance  "trie,  and  a  little  farther  8.  on  Hroad  8t.  are 
the  Stock  Exchange  and  Gold  Room.  The  Com  Exchange,  located  at  the  upper  end 
of  Whitehall  St.,  is  a  handsome  brick  building. 

Oommoncing  at  Wall  St.  (whither  our  visit  to  the  Sub-Treasury,  etc.,  has  brought 
us)  a  saunter  up  Broadway,  the  building  of  the  E^ilUMe  Llfr  iM^raarc  €«i,  at 
the  corner  of  Cedar  St.,  first  attracts  attention.  It  is  of  granite,  in  mingled  Doric 
and  Renaissance  stylo,  and  is  probably  the  most  solid  and  substantial  structure  in  the 
city.  It  lias  a  frontage  of  87  ft.,  a  depth  of  200,  and  a  height  of  187.  Just  above, 
at  the  corner  of  Liberty  St.,  is  the  six-story  building  of  the  American  Sank  Note 
Co.,  surmounted  by  a  tower  containing  a  clock;  and  on  the  other  side  of  Broadway, 
at  the  corner  of  Dey  St.,  is  the  new  building  of  the  We$tern  Union  Telegraph  Co., 
ten  stories  high  (including  three  in  the  roof),  with  a  clock-tower  280  ft.  Iiigti.  On 
the  corner  of  Fulton  St.  is  the  Evening  Pott  building ;  and  farther  up  and  adjoining 
each  other,  between  Fulton  and  Ann  Sts.,  are  the  Park  Baak  and  New  Y«rk  HeraM 
buildings,  both  of  white  marble,  and  occupying  the  site  of  Barnum's  Museum  (burned 
in  1866).  St.  Paul's  Ohurch,  on  the  other  side  of  the  way,  will  be  mentioned  fur- 
ther on,  and  the  Astor  House,  Post-Office,  City  Hall,  and  Court-Honse,  all  of  which 
are  clustered  in  this  vicinity,  have  already  been  described.  £.  of  the  City  Hall  Park 
is  Printing- Hotue  Square,  where  are  the  offices  of  most  of  the  daily  and  many  week- 
ly papers.  Fronting  the  square  on  the  £.  is  the  new  Tribaie  BaiMlag,  the  loftiest 
on  the  island,  and  the  largest  and  best-appointed  newspaper-office  in  the  world.  It 
is  composite  in  style,  built  of  red  pressed  brick,  granite,  and  iron,  is  absolutely  fire- 
proof, and  has  a  clock-tower  285  ft.  high,  with  four  dials.  On  the  N.  is  the  hand- 
some granite  building  of  the  Staat8-Z«ltaafc,  with  statues  of  Gutenberg  and  Franklin 
above  the  portal.  A  bronze  statue  of  Franklin,  of  heroic  size,  stands  in  the  square 
at  its  southern  end.  A  few  wjuares  E.,  on  Franklin  Square,  is  the  immense  publish- 
ing-house of  the  Harpers.  At  the  cor.  of  Chambers  St.,  on  Broadway,  is  the  great 
marble  building  devoted  to  A.  T.  Stewart's  wholesale  trade;  it  stands  on  the  site  of 
one  of  the  principal  forts  erected  by  the  British  for  the  defense  of  the  city  during 
the  Revolution.  Farther  up,  on  the  cor.  of  Leonard  St.,  is  the  beautiful  building  of 
the  New  Yark  Life  lasaraace  CCi,  of  pure  white  marble,  in  the  Ionic  style ;  and 
opposite  is  the  fine  building  of  the  Globe  Mutual  Life  Inturanee  Co.  Crossing  Canal 
St.,  once  the  bed  of  a  rivulet,  a  succession  of  handsome  brildings  present  themselves 
on  either  side  of  the  way,  among  them  the  St.  Nicholas  and  Metropolitan  Hotels, 
previously  mentioned,  and  the  publishing-house  of  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  At  the  cor. 
of  Bond  St.  is  the  handsome  building  of  Brooks  Brothers,  of  red  brick  trimmed  with 
light-colored  stone ;  and  a  little  to  the  E.,  on  Bond  St.,  stands  the  American  Watch 
Company^a  building.  StewarVs  Retail  Store  is  of  iron  painted  white,  is  five  stories 
high,  and  occupies  the  entire  block  between  9th  and  10th  Sts.  and  Broadway  and 
4th  Avenue.  The  interior  is  tastefully  decorated.  At  Grace  Church,  on  the  block 
above,  Broadway  turns  slightly  toward  the  1.,  and  on  the  inner  angle  stands  the 
five-story  building  of  the  Methodist  Book  Concern  (publishing-house).  On  the  cor. 
of  14th  St.  is  the  iron  building  of  the  Don^tie  Sewinq  Machine  Co.,  eight  stories  high, 
an<l  very  florid  in  style ;  and  above  Union  Square,  on  the  cor.  of  Broadway  and  19th 
St.,  is  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co.'s  dry-good&  store,  and  on  the  square  above  is  Lord  & 
Taylor's  handsome  store.  In  Bleecker  St.,  just  E.  of  Broadway,  is  the  N.  Y.  Savings 
Bank,  a  very  handsome  white-marble  structure.  The  Stevens  Houie,  at  the  cor.  of 
5th  Avenue  and  28th  St.,  is  a  lofty  and  picturesque  pile.  The  Di-y  Bock  Satinga 
Bank,  at  the  cor.  of  6th  St.  and  8d.  Avenue,  is  very  noticeable. 

The  Masmilc  Teaiplc,  of  granite,  five  stories  high,  on  the  cor.  of  23d  St.  and 
fith  Avenue,  is  100  by  140  ft.,  with  a  dome  50  ft.  square,  rising  165  ft.  above  the 
|)avement.  It  contains  several  fine  rojms,  and  the  Grand  Lodge  Hall,  84  by  90  ft., 
and  30  ft.  hig;h,  will  seat  1,200  persons.  Stewart's  Palace,  as  it  is  called,  on  the 
cor.  of  6th  Avenue  and  84th  St.,  is  the  finest  private  residence  in  America.  It  is 
of  white  marble,  three  stories  high,  besides  basement  and  Mansard  roof,  add  cost 
$3,000,000.  A  fine  gallery  of  paintings  is  one  of  its  chief  attractions.  Well  worth 
visiting,  especially  on  Saturday  morning,  is  Washington  Market,  at  the  foot  of  Fulton 
St.,  on  the  Hudson  River.     Externally,  it  is  a  collection  of  unsightly  sheds,  but 


12 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   CITIES. 


way,  IB 
opera  in 
also  used 


HiMonic  1  ample. 


within  it  ])reHcntH  an  nneqnaled  dinplay  of  fruits,  Togetahles,  tneatH,  and  fisli,  and 
every    variety  of  inariiet  produce.      MMluUtaa  Market,  at  tlio  foot  of  84th  8t., 

North  Kiver,  i§  one  of  the 
largest  Htruotnres  of  the  kind 
in  the  world.  It  faooa  four 
streets,  and  is  directly  on  the 
water-front,  with  a  sufficient 
depth  of  water  to  float  the 
largest  .steamers.  It  is  built 
of  red  pressed  brick,  iron,  and 
glH8H,Mn  the  Lombardian  style, 
and  is  800  by  200  ft.  in  size ; 
immediately  ac^oining  is  a 
magnificent  plaza  capable  of 
accommodating  600  fann- 
w  agon  8. 

Theatres  anl  Places  of  An 
meat — The  Academy  of  Mutie, 
14th  8t.  cor.  Irving  Place,  a 
short  distance  E.  of  B'H)ad- 
the  home  of  Italian 
New  York,  and  is 
for  balls  and  large 
publio  gatherings;  the  audi- 
torium is  handsomely  deco- 
rated in  crimson  and  gold. 
BooW»  Theatre,  oor.  28d  Bt.  apd*6th  Avenue,  is  a  handsome  and  capacious  edifice, 
built  of  Concord  granite  in  the  Renaissance  style.  The  interior  decorations  are 
very  fine.  Usual  entertainment. — classical  drama.  The  Grand  Opera-Home,  cor. 
28d  St.  and  8th  Avenue,  is  one  .      isf 

of  the  handsomest  buildings  in 
the  city,  but  it  if>  seldom  used 
oxcept  for  melodrama  and 
spectacular  pieces.  Wallack'* 
Theatre,  cor.  Broadway  and 
13th  St.,  is  devoted  to  com- 
edy; the  company  is  always 
good,  and  the  plays  are  mount- 
ed with  (freat  care.  The  Union 
Square  Theatre  (in  Union 
Square,  between  Broadway 
and  4th  Avenue),  and  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Theatre  (in  W. 
28th  St.,  a  few  doors  from 
Broadway),  are  small  but  fash- 
ionable theatres,  in  which  light 
comedy  is  usually  exhibited. 
Other  tlieatres  devoted  to  no 
special  class  of  entertainment 
are :  Niblo''»  Garden,  Broad- 
way near  Prince  St. ;  the  Lyceum  Theatre,  14th  St.,  a  few  doors  W.  of  6th  Avenue; 
Olympic  Theatre,  622  Broadway;  Park  Theatre,  Broadway  between  21st  and 
22d  Sts. ;  Wood'»  Muteum,  Broadway  near  80th  St. ;  and  Eaffie  Theatre,  6th  Ave- 
nue, near  82d  St.  The  Bowery  Theatre,  Bowery  near  Canal  St.,  presents  popu- 
lar melodrama  of  the  most  pronounced  type;  and  the  Metropolitan  Theatre, 
Broadway  opposite  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  and  the  Theatre  Oomique,  Broadway 
near  Grand  St.,  are  devoted  to  varieties.  The  Stadt-  Theater,  Bowery  near  Orand 
St.,  produces  German  dramas  and  operas.    Steinway  Hall,  14th  St.  near  Broadway, 


Booth's  Theatre. 


s 


'  ■«iwaiii»wiw»iiu<yuiaM*»«aBira!n ■ — tt 


NBW  YORK  CITY. 


13 


lid  flsh,  and 
f  84th  St., 
one  of  the 
of  the  kind 

fncoa  four 

Bctly  on  the 

a  Builicieut 

,0  float  the 

It  is  built 
k,  iron,  and 
ardian  style, 

*\.  in  size ; 
ining    is    a 

capable  of 
600     fann- 

iMsaT  Amm^ 

mi/  of  Mutie, 
ing  Place,  a 
1.  of  B'^ad- 
16  of  Italian 
Toi-k,  and  is 
Is  and  large 
s;  the  audi- 
oinely  deco- 
n  and  gold. 
ciouH  edifice, 
orations  are 
a-Hotue,  cor. 


6th  Avenue ; 
;en  21  st  and 
tre,  6th  Ave- 
•esents  popu- 
taji  Theatre, 
le,  Broadway 
y  near  Grand 
ir  Broadway, 


and  Chiekering  Hall,  cor.  6th  Avenue  and  13th  8t.,  are  the  nrinoipal  oonoert- 
Imlls.  The  Central  Park  Oarden  is  a  large  frame-building,  with  promenade  or 
"  garden  "  in  the  rear,  at  the  Oentral  Park  terminus  of  the  7th  Avenue  R.  R. 
Ilure  during  the  summer  Theodore  Thomas's  orohest.a  gives  musical  entertain- 
ments of  the  highest  order. 

Still  another  clans  of  places  of  amusement  is  that  known  as  "  Gardens,"  of  which 
the  Atlantic  Garden,  adjoining  tlie  Bowery  Theatre,  is  the  best  known.  It  is  a 
groat  hall  where,  in  the  evening  several  thousand  Germans  come  with  their  families 
to  drink  beer  and  smoke,  and  listen  to  well-executed  vocal  ami  instrumental  music. 
As  a  rule,  however,  the  Gardens  are  located  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city,  in  Hobo- 
ken,  and  in  Jersey  City ;  among  them  are  the  Litm  Park  Garden,  on  8th  Avenue ; 
Jonei't  Wood,  on  the  East  River,  reached  by  2d  or  8d  Avenue  cars  to  68th  8t.  ;  Lan- 
man'e  Pari,  on  8d  Avenue  near  80th  St. ;  Terrace  Oarden,  8d  Avenue  and  68th  St. ; 
and  Funke'i  Park,  foot  of  67th  St.,  East  River. 

UkrariM  aid  Art-daUerlcfb — There  are  twelve  public  lil>rarie8  in  the  city,  namely, 
the  Apprentiee»\  472  Broadway,  open  from  8  a.  m.  to  9  p  ^t. ;  the  Aetor,  Lafayette 
Place  near  Astor  Place,  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  ;  thv.  CJity,  12  City  Hall,  open 
from  10  A.  M.  to  4  p.  m.  ;  the  Cooper  Ionian,  in  Cooper  Institute,  open  from  8  a.  m. 
to  10  p.  M. ;  the  Library  of  the  American  Jnttitnte,  in  Cooper  Institute,  open  from 
9  A.  M.  to  9  p.  M. ;  the  Mercantile,  Astor  Place  near  Broadway,  open  from  8  a.  h. 
to  9  p.  M. ;  Historical  Society,  2d  Avenue  cor.  £.  11th  St.,  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  9 
p.  M. ;  the  Law  Inititute,  41  Chambers  St.,'  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  ;  the  Nete 
York  Society,  67  University  Place,  open  from  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  ;  the  Printen\  8 
Chambers  St.,  open  every  Saturday  evening ;  the  Woman^e,  44  Franklin  St.,  open 
from  9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  m.  ;  and  the  Young  Men' a  Christian  Association,  161  5th  Ave- 
nue, 4th  Avenue  cor.  28d  St.,  8d  Avenue  cor.  E.  122d  St.,  285  Hudson  St.,  69  Ludlow 
St.,  and  97  Wooster  St.,  all  open  from  8  a.  m .  to  10  p.  m.  The  Aster  Ukrary  oocu- 
pies  a  plain  but  substantial  building  of  brick  in  the  Romanesque  style.  It  was 
founded  by  John  Jacob  Astor,  who  endowed  it  with  $400,000,  to  which  additions 
were  made  by  his  son  William  B.  Astor.  It  contains  148,000  volumes,  and  is  com- 
plete in  many  special  departments  of  study.  The  Herftitlle  Uknury  extends  f^om 
Astor  Place  to  Eigi: .  i  St.  near  Broadway ;  it  contains  over  146,000  volumes,  and  has 
an  excellent  reading-room,  to  which  strangers  are  admitted  on  introduction  by  a  mem- 
ber. The  Leaex  Library  (free),  founded  by  James  Lenox,  was  chartered  in  1870; 
it  is  in  a  splendid  building  of  Lookport  limestone,  erected  by  Mr.  Lenox,  occupying 
the  entire  5th  _  ■.----■ ---:^^f=ri^;=^i^s^^__ 

Avenue    front  J-^    '         -   .  "    ~  '^S-^ 

between  70th 
and  71st  Sts., 
facing  Central 
Park;  but  the 
library  has  not 
yet  been  open- 
ed. It  is  to  re- 
ceive, besides 
other  valua- 
ble donations, 
"  the  collection 
of  manuscripts, 
printed  books, 
engravings  and 
maps,  statu- 
ary, paintings, 
drawings,  and 
other  works  of 
art,"  made  by  i^»»«  Ubrary. 

tite  founder,  and  is  particularly  rich  in  early  American  history.  Biblical  bibliography, 
and  Elizabethan  literature. 


u 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMKKICAN   CITIKH. 


The  MHrtiMHtu  Nanria  af  Art,  I2R  W.  t4tli  Ht.,  hait  a  flno'^oollcotion  of  pnint- 
IngH  bv  the  old  iniiHtviM,  nnd  umiHlly  Iiiih  on  exiiiliition  other  rollectionii  loft  on  loan 
by  thi)  woftlthy  rirtutmi  of  the  city,  inoliidinK  ninny  tinn  piotureit  hy  Atni*riran 
fiainterx,  HtHtiiary,  pottery  and  porcelain  ware,  arinit  and  arinrr,  c^oinH  and  niedaln, 
anti(|iie  and  iiiedlicvHl  curioMitien,  and  varioim  nrticloH  of  rertii.  It  alito  containH  the 
faniouH  VetaoU  VoHfction  of  ("ypriotc  antiquitieo.     On  HlondayH,  udniiHHJon  to  the 

MuHouni  \i 
free ;  on  other 
dayn,  26  .•.  A 
new  and  hand- 
Hoine  litiildintr 
fortheMuitenin 
18  now  in  pro- 
(^esa  of  con- 
Htruction  in 
Oentral  Park 
near  H2d  Ht. 
and  nth  Ave- 
nue. The  Na- 
llMal  Ara4t* 
aiy  af  IMilKa, 
cor.  4th  Ave- 
nue and  2:id 
Ht.,  la  a  uiii(|ne 
building  of 
«ray  and  white 
ni  a  r  U 1  e  and 
hlnestone.  The 
aomyofOo.iKn.  plan  of  the  ex- 

terior was  copied  from  a  famoua  palace  in  Venice;  the  entrnnce'and  Htairwny  are 
imposing.  Each  Hpring  it  (yivcM  an  exhibition  of  recent  works  of  American  artists. 
At  the  ilUtorkal  Society,  cor.  11th  St.  nnd  2d  Avenue,  is  a  fine  p;allory  of  paintings, 
with  many  old  portraits:  the  Ahhott  ColleetiorC  of  Egypticm  antiquities,  and  the 
Lenox  Collection  of  Nineveh  sculptures,  etc. 

There  are  paintings  on  exhibition  (free)  at  the  snlcs-gnlHries  of  Goupil,  6th 
Avenue  and  22d  Ht. ;  Sc/iaiin,  744  Hroadway  ;  Aeery,  88  6th  Avenue;  and  Snedeeor, 
176  6th  Avenue.  The  best  private  collections  in  the  city  are  those  of  A.  T.  Stewart, 
John  Taylor  Johnston,  Marshall  O.  Roberts,  James  Lenox,  Lucius  Tuokermnn,  John 
Iloey,  John  Wolfe,  It.  L.  Stuart,  R.  L.  Cutting,  W.  IL  Aspinwnll,  Robert  Hoe,  nnd 
R.  M.  Olyphant,  who  lias  the  best  collection  of  American  paintings  in  the  city. 
Admission  to  these  may  be  obtained  by  sending  a  letter  (inclosing  card)  to  their 
owners. 

Charehes. — There  are  about  870  churches  of  all  denominations  in  the  city,  and  at 
any  of  them  the  stranger  is  sure  of  a  polite  reception.  Among  those  which  on 
acoount  of  their  architectural  beauty,  the  character  of  the  services,  or  the  (issocia- 
tions  connected  with  them,  are  worthy  of  sjiecial  mention,  are:  Trlaity  Charfk 
(Episcopal — Dr.  Morgan  Dix),  in  Broadway,  head  of  Wall  St. ;  is  in  Gothic  style, 
of  solid  brownstone,  and  is  192  ft.  long,  80  wide,  and  00  high,  with  a  spire  284  ft. 
high.  It  has  rich  stained  windows  and  the  finest  chime  of  bells  in  America.  The 
Trinity  Parish  is  the  oldest  in  the  city  ;  its  first  church  was  erected  in  1690,  and  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in  1776 ;  the  present  edifice  was  commenced  in  1889,  and  consecrated 
in  1846.  The  church  is  open  all  day,  there  are  prayers  twice  daily  (at  9  a.  h.  and 
3  p.  N.),  and  imposing  choral  services  on  Snnday.  The  graveyard  surrounding  the 
ohuroh  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  spots  in  the  city.  It  .occupies  nearly  two 
acres  of  ground,  is  embowered  in  trees,  and  contains  many  venerated  tombs — among 
them  those  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  Captain  Lawrence,  the  hero  of  the  "Chesa- 
peake," Robert  Fulton,  and  the  unfortunate  Charlotte  Temple.  In  one  comer  is  a 
stately  Gothic  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  patriots  who  died  in  Brit- 


)n  of  pHint- 

li'ft  on  loan 

AjncricBn 

iind  niudniK, 

(Mtntainn  tlio 

Hfiion  to  the 

iiHeuni     !.« 

on  othtT 

lyn.  '2B  .'.     A 

iw  nnd  liand- 

ino    Ixiildinir 

tlieMiiMeiim 

now  in  pro- 

8n     of    con- 

iiction       in 

ntrnl     Park 

sar    H2d     Ht. 

id    fitli   Ave- 

i>.      Tiio  >»• 

mal        Aradc- 

•r    KrttlKat 

4th   Avo- 

iie    and    2''id 

t.,  is  a  unique 

u  i  1  d  i  n  ((  (if 

ray  and  wliite 

arl>le    and 

liieMtonc.  Tlie 

Ian  of  tlie  cx- 

Htairwny  are 

L'i'ican  ai'tiHtH. 

Y  of  paintings, 

litiet),  and  tlie 

f  Goupif,  5th 
and  Snedecor, 
A.  T.  Stewart, 
ikermnn,  John 
3ert  IToe,  and 
i  in  the  city, 
card)  to  their 

le  city,  and  at 
OHe  which  on 
)r  the  aRBocia- 
Trtalty  Chirrh 

Gothic  style, 
t  Hpire  284  ft. 
imerica.    The 

1600,  and  de- 
id  consecrated 
at  9  A.  M.  and 
rrounding  the 
es  nearly  two 
;onib8 — among 
f  the  "  Chesa- 
ne  comer  is  a 
}  died  in  Brit- 


NBW   YORK  CITY. 


1ft 


inh  prisons  at  New  York  during  the  Hevolulion.  The  view  from  the  lookout  in  the 
Hpire  is  the  finest  in  the  city,  and  it  is  acceMsible  at  any  hour  of  the  day  for  a  small 
lee.     Trinity  Chiipfl  (Kpim-opal),  2Rth  8t.  near  Broadway,  is  an  elegant  stnict- 


Trinlty  Church. 

ure,  with  richly-decorated  interior.  Its  sei  vices  are  choral.  St<  Pail's  (Episco- 
pal), cor.  Hroadway  and  Vesey  St.,  is  a  venerable  structure,  built  in  1776,  161  by 
73  ti.,  with  a  spire  203  ft.  high.  It  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  graveyard  in  which  are 
monuments  of  great  interest.  The  pediment  of  the  facade  contains  a  white-marble 
statue  of  St.  Paul,  and  below  is  a  monument  (mural  tablet)  of  General  Montgom- 
ery. Oraee  Church  (Episcopal),  Broadway  near  10th  St.,  is  a  graceful  edifice  of 
white  freestone ;  the  interior  is  exceedingly  elaborate,  with  carved  work  and  stained 
glass.  St.  Gcarge'g  (Episcopal — Dr.  Tyng),  in  Stuyvesant  Square,  two  squares  E. 
(•f  Union  Square,  is  one  of  the  largest  churches  in  the  city ;  it  is  of  brownstone,  in 
the  Byzantine  style,  with  double  spires,  and  the  interior  is  magnificent.  Ghureh  of 
the  Tran»flguration  (Episcopal),  29th  St.  just  E.  of  6th  Avenue  known  as  "  the  lit 
tie  church  around  the  corner,"  is  noted  for  its  half-rustic,  picturesque  character. 
St.  Thomm'a  (Episcopal),  cor.  68th  St.  and  5th  Avenue,  has  a  rich  interior.  St. 
Alban''*,  I.«xington  Avenue  and  47th  St.,  has  Ritualistic  services.  St.  Pail's  (Meth- 
odist), 4th  Avenue  oor.  22d  St.,  is  of  white  marble  in  the  Romanesque  style,  and 
one  of  the  finest  churches  in  the  city.    Other  churches  usually  visited  by  strangers 


i 


u 


HAND-BOOK  OV  AMKRICAN  CI.  (Ea 


•ro:  the  Calraru  (EpUonpnl),  4tli  Aveniio  nnil  2lnt  Ht. ;  tr.o  Firit  Ih^hyttrinn,  6th 
Avvniiu  cor.  lltn  Ht. ;  the  Urirk  Church  (IVonlvtcrlnn),  fttli  Avuriu«  nrid  H7th  Ht. ; 
the  Churfh  of  all  SunU  ([Unitarian— Dr.  Hflhiwn),  4th  Avonuu  niid  liOth  Ht. ;  tha 
Churrh  of  thK  Metniah  (llnUarimi),  Park  Avi'iiue  and  H4th  Ht. ;  Churrh  of  tht  Cov- 
enant (I'roiihyturinii),  I'ark  Ak'i<niio  ami  :inth  Ht. ;  tliu  TiihernacU  (OonKrugational), 
0th  Avonuu  and  li4th  Ht. ;  thv  Dieine  Paternity  (IJnlverKaliMt — Dr.  Chapin),  Rth 

Avi'iiiiu  and  4Hth  Ht.  ;  the 
Churrh  i(f'  thf  IHteiplee 
(OonKroKational),  MacMwin 
Avumiu  and  44th  Ht. ;  tho 
Fir»t  Jlaptiiit,  I'ark  Ave- 
niitt  and  liutli  Ht. ;  and  thu 
I'^fth  Ar^nuti  Prethyteri- 
an  (Dr.  Hull),  cor.  ot  nAth 
Ht.  The  larxent  church 
odiflco  in  thu  city,  and  ono 
of  the  lar^cHt  and  finuHt  on 
the  continent,  Ih  Nt.  Pat- 
rirk'i  I'athMlral,  in  0th 
Avenue  between  Alnt  and 
fi'2d  HtM.,  coinnion<'ed  in 
I8AH,  and  now  ahout  half 
tlniHhed.  It  \»  of  white 
marble  in  the  decorated 
Oothio  style,  and  Ih  882 
ft.  lonx,  with  a  K^^noral 
breadth  of  182  and  at  the 
transept  of  174  tl.  At  the 
front  will  be  two  spired, 
each  828  ft.  high,  iianking 
a  central  gable  lfi6  ft.  Iiigh. 
The  church  now  uned  as 
cathedral  is  at  the  cor.  of 
Mott  and  Prince  Bts. ;  the 
exterior  is  unattractive, 
but  the  interior  is  quite 
striking.  §t.  Stopkei'a 
(Koinun  Catholic),  140  E. 
2Hih  St.,  is  a  very  large 
church,  with  excellent 
paintings  and  the  most  ex- 
pensive and  elegant  altar- 
piece  in  the  country.  It 
IS  famed  for  its  musical 
services.  The  Tcaple 
is  the  finest  specimen  of 
Saracenic  architecture  in  America;  the  interior  is  mngnifnently  decorated  in  the 
Oriental  style. 

ildaaitlMUl  and  Charitable  InstltitloM. — The  number  of  these  is  so  great  that  we 
shall  not  attempt  to  do  more  than  mention  a  few  of  the  more  notable.  There  are 
upward  of  400  schools  and  institutions  of  learning  in  the  city,  and  289  charitable 
institutions  i)e8ides  those  administered  l)y  tlie  Oommissionors  of  Charity.  The  I'll- 
Tcnlty  af  tho  City  of  New  Yerk,  on  the  E.  side  of  Washington  Bquare,  is  a  grand 
Gothic  edifice  of  white  marble,  200  by  100  ft.  The  chapel,  with  its  noble  window, 
BO  ft.  high  and  24  ft.  wide,  is  an  extremely  beautiful  room.  The  University  was 
founded  in  1881,  and  in  1874  bad  48  instrnctors  and  420  students.  Ctlaakla  Cal> 
lege,  Madison  Avenue  and  fiOtli  St.,  is  the  oldest  college  in  the  State,  having  been 
chartered  by  George  II.  in  1754.     It  moved  into  its  present  quarters  in  1840,  and 


New  Roman  Ctttbollc  Catliudiul,  .MIi  Avvnue. 

Eaanael   (Jewish  synagogue),  5th  Avenue,  cor.  48d  St., 


mmaaa 


HEW  YORK  CITY. 


17 


ttrian,  Bth 

I  xrtli  Ht. ; 

th  Ht. ;  the 

nf  tht  <'ov- 

roRatlonnI), 

liapin),  5th 

Ith  Ht. ;  the 

Dine  i filet 

I),  Maclimm 

1th  Ht. ;  the 

I'lirk  Ave- 

aiul  thu 

Prenbyteri- 

C(ir,  of'Bflth 

(eHt    church 

ity,  nnil  ono 

knd  flnvNt  on 

iM   Kl.    Pit* 

■I,     in     ntli 

H'n  AlMt  nnil 

nnionceil    in 

uhoiit  half 

iM  of  wliite 

D   tlccorated 

an<l  iH  882 

I   a   general 

i  anil  at  the 

\  W.    At  the 

two    BpirOB, 

ligh,  flunking 
)  156  ft.  high, 
sow  uited  as 
It  the  cor.  of 
nee  StH. ;  the 
unattractive, 
rior  Ih  quite 
81.  StcpbcB'i 
lolic),  14»  E. 
a  very  large 
h  excellent 
the  nioHt  ex- 
)legant  altar- 
country.  It 
itrt  musical 
riio  Tcaple 
specimen  of 
irated  in  the 

reat  that  we 
.  There  are 
30  charitnhle 
y.  The  l'il> 
e,  is  a  grand 
)ble  window, 
aiversity  was 
(MibM*  Ctl- 
liavlng  been 
in  1849,  and 


vwm^ia^^ 


Noriiiul  (olkitfK. 


Ntnnda  In  the  midiit  of  nlcturcwpiv  grotindN.  It  \»  richly  vndowtxl,  uml  han  a  llhrnry 
(if  28, (HM)  volunivM,  and  a  muNviitn.  Thu  Collrgt  <>/  thu  City  qf  New  Vork  orcii|iiua 
It  hancUomo  huthllng  at  tlm  cor.  of  38d  Ht.  and  u-xington  Avenue.  It  In  part  ot  tlio 
ciiiiimon-iichool  NyHtviii,  and  in  free  In  1«74^75  (here  were  84  inrtnicto»H  and  HS* 
MtudentM.  ItH  llhrary  nuiiiherit  28,0(Mi  voIiiiiicm.  The  Nerml  faUqw,  cor.  4tli  Ave- 
nue and  tlUth 
St.,iitulHopart 
of  the  coiii- 
ruon-Hohool 
MyNtem.  The 
i'diH(!e  Ih  tm- 
Hiiri'ssHed  by 
any  similar 
structure  in 
till"  coimtry. 
It  is  in  tlu 
Mvcular  (lothic 
Htvlc,  8(Mi  tt. 
I<uig,  125  tt. 
wl<leand70n. 
Iiigh,  with  II 
lofty  and  man- 
Hive  Vlctorin 
tower.  Uut- 
tjeri  Female 
College  is  ii 
h  a  n  d  s  o  m  c 
building  on 
Otli      Avenue 

opposite  the  DiHtributing  Reservoir.  The  fMpcr  laitltitc,  founded  and  ondowetl 
l>y  Peter  Oooper,  is  a  large  brownstone  building,  six  storioH  high  and  ocoupyiiig  the 
entire  block  bounded  by  8d  and  4th  Avenues  and  7th  and  Hth  Hts,  It  cuntams  a 
tree  library ;  a  free  reading-room  ;  free  soIiooIm  of  art,  wood-engraving,  photography, 
and  telegraphy  for  women  ;  a  free  night  indiool  of  art  for  men ;  a  free  night  hcIiooI 
of  science  for  both  sexes;  and  free  lectures.  It  has  nearly  8,000  students  in  all 
tiepartments.  The  Young  Men''$  Christian  Auociation  has  an  elegant  building,  cor. 
4th  Avenue  and  28d  Ht.,  constructed  chiefly  of  Ohio  freestone  and  New  Jersey 
brownstone,  67  by  176  ft.,  five  stories  high,  with  a  central  and  three  angular  towers. 
Besides  a  library,  reading-room,  gymnasium,  etc.,  it  contains  a  lecture-hnll  capable 
of  seating  1,600  persons.  Opposite  the  (Jooper  Institute  is  the  Bihh  Ilovte,  an  im- 
mense brick  structure  oocunying  an  entire  block  and  six  stories  high.  It  is  the 
property  of  the  American  Bible  Hociety,  next  to  the  British  the  largest  in  the  world, 
and  here  all  the  operations  of  that  important  organization  are  carried  on. 

Many  of  the  charitable  institutions  are  on  the  East  River  islands  and  will  be  men- 
tioned f\irther  on.  Of  those  in  the  city  the  following  are  noteworthy :  Bfilevm 
Hespltal,  foot  of  E.  2Gth  Ht.,  is  the  largest  hospital  in  the  city,  and  can  accommodate 
1,200  patients.  The  buildings  are  substantial,  but  have  small  architectural  ]>reten- 
sious.  St.  Luke'i  Hotpital,  6th  Avenue  and  64th  Ht.,  is  one  of  the  most  notable 
objects  on  the  avenue.  It  is  a  refuge  for  the  sick  without  regard  to  sect  or  nation- 
ality. The  Mount  Sinni  Hotpital,  Lexington  Avenue,  between  06th  and  67th  Hts. ; 
the  Lenox  Botpital,  on  E.  70th  St.;  Rootetelt  Hotpital,  69th  Ht.  near  10th  Avenue; 
Xete  York  Hotpital,  in  16th  St,  near  6th  Avenue,  are  all  notable  as  fine  strnct- 
nres.  The  Denf  and  Dumb  Inttitution  is  located  on  Washington  heights;  the 
buildings,  which  are  the  largest  and  finest  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  cover  2  acres, 
and  stand  in  a  park  28  acres  in  extent.  The  New  York  Inttitution /or  the  Blind  is 
a  large  marble  building  on  9th  Avenue,  between  S8d  and  84th  Bts.  Indigent 
pupils  are  educated  at  the  expense  of  the  State,  and  pay-pujuls  are  received  at  |800 
u  year.    The  Five  Pointt  Houte  of  Induttry,  165  Worth  St.,  and  the  Five  Fointa 


18 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   CITIES. 


MUsion,  61  Park  St.,  face  each  o'olier  on  what  was  once  the  vilest  and  most  danger- 
ous part  of  the  city.  The  Hi/ward  Misaion,  near  by,  supports  day  and  Sunday 
schools,  and  a  house  for  needy  children,  and  distributes  food,  clothing,  and  fuel,  to 
the  deserving  poor.  The  BlMmingdale  Asflam  for  the  Ihmm  occupies  a  most 
attractive  and  commanding  site  on  117th  St.  near  10th  Avenue.  The  buildings, 
three  in  number,  can  accommodate  170  pati«nts,  and  are  always  full.  The  New 
York  Orphan  Asylum,  on  the  Bloomingdale  ivoad  near  74th  St.,  is  120  by  60  ft , 
with  9  acres  of  ground  attached,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  Hudson  River. 
The  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  in  Manhattan  ville,  is  beautifully  situated  or  a  hill 
surrounded  by  park-like  grounds. 

Parks  aid  PiMIc  Sqiaicib — The  great  park  of  the  city,  and  one  of  the  largest  and 
finest  in  the  world,  is  Central  Park,  a  rectangular  area  of  848  acres,  extending  from 
69th  to  110th  St.  and  from  6th  to  8th  Avenue.  It  has  18  entrances  (4  at  each  end 
and  5  at  each  side),  and  four  sti'eets  (65th,  79th,  85th,  and  97th)  cross  it,  to  afford 
opportunity  for  traffic,  passing  under  the  park  walks  and  drives.  The  original  sur- 
face was  exceedingly  rough  and  unattractive,  consisting  chiefly  of  rock  and  marsh ; 
but  by  engineering  skill  the  very  defects  that  once  seemed  fatal  have  been  converted 
into  its  most  attractive  features.  Between  79th  and  96th  streets  a  large  portion  of 
the  Park  is  occupied  by  the  two  Croton  reservoirs,  the  smaller  one  comprising  85 
and  the  larger  107  acres.  The  Lakes,  five  in  number,  occupy  43f  acres  more. 
There  are  10  m.  of  carriage-roads,  6  m.  of  bridle-paths,  and  30  m.  of  foot-pathn, 
with  numerous  bridges,  arches,  and  other  crchitectural  monuments,  together  with 
many  statues.  The  Mall,  near  the  5th  Avenue  entrance,  is  the  princip..!  prome- 
nade ;  it  is  a  magnificent  esplanade,  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  long  and  bordered  by 
double  rows  of  stately  elms.  At  the  lower  end  are  fine  bronze  statues  of  Shakspeare 
and  Scott,  and  in  the  Music  Pavilion  near  the  upper  end  concerts  are  given  on  Satur- 
day afternoons  in  summer.  The  Mall  is  terminated  by  The  Terrace,  a  sumptuous 
pile  of  masonry  richly  carved  and  decorated.  Descending  the  Terrace  by  a  flight 
of  broad  stone  stairs.  Central  Lake  is  reached,  the  prettiest  piece  of  water  in  the 
Park.  Between  the  Terrace  and  the  Lake  is  the  costliest  fountain  on  the  continent, 
with  immense  granite  basins  and  a  colossal  statue  of  the  Angel  of  Bethesda.  The 
Ramble,  covering  36  acres  of  sloping  hills,  and  abounding  in  pleasant  shady  paths, 
extends  from  the  Lake  to  the  Old  Reservoir.  On  the  highest  point  of  the  Ramble 
stands  the  Belvedere,  a  massive  piece  of  architecture  in  the  Norman  style.  The 
tower  commands  attractive  views  in  all  directions.  In  the  upper  Park  are  the  ruins 
of  redoubts  used  in  tlie  Revolutionary  War,  guarding  McGowan's  Pass,  where  there 
was  some  sharp  fighting.  A  large  restaurant  is  located  in  the  building  formerly 
occupied  by  the  Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity ;  and  tha  Chapel  contains  87  casts 
from  the  Htatuary  of  Crawford.  The  American  Mmeum  of  Natural  History  occu- 
pies the  old  State  Arsenal,  a  castellated  structure  near  the  5th  Avenue  entrance.  In 
this  bull  ling  and  the  sui-rouuding  cages  is  the  menagerie  of  living  animals,  reptiles, 
and  birds,  presented  or  loaned  to  the  city,  comprising  many  rare  specimens.  Anew 
buildinir  for  the  Museum  is  now  nearly  completed  in  Manhattan  Square. — Park  car- 
riages, so  constructed  ai!  to  alf'ord  every  passenger  a  good  view,  run  from  5th  and 
8th  ii. venue  entrances  to  the  principal  points  of  interest  (fare  25c.).  Coaches  may 
be  hired  for  fl2  per  hour,  and  the  circuit  can  be  made  in  an  hour. 

Mount  Morris  Square  is  on  the  line  of  5th  Avenue  between  120th  and  124th 
Sts.,  and  embraces  20  neres.  In  the  centre  rises  a  rocky  hill,  101  ft.  high,  com- 
manding picturesque  views.  The  level  portion  has  been  handsomely  laid  out,  and 
walks  lead  up  to  the  summit  of  the  hill.  Madison  Square  is  6J  acres  in  extent,  and 
lies  between  23d  and  26111  Sts.  and  5th  and  Madison  Avennes.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  fashionable  squares  in  the  city,  is  tastefully  laid  out,  and  is  surrounded  by  fine 
buildings.  On  the  W.  side,  at  the  junction  of  Broadway  and  6th  Avenue,  is  a 
monument  to  General  Worth.  Union  Square,  31-  acres  in  extent,  is  of  oval  shape, 
and  lies  between  14th  and  I7th  Sts.  and  Broadway  and  4th  Avenue,  it  is  filled 
with  trees,  and  has  a  handsome  fountain  in  the  centre.  At  its  lower  end  on  the  E. 
•3  the  bronze  equestrian  statue  of  Washington  by  II.  K.  Browne;  and  on  the  W.  is 
a  bronze  statue  of  Lincoln.    The  Battery,  at  the  S.  extremity  ot  the  city,  looking 


-,  ,'.uife  't'w  A*  igami  iwte'. 


most  danger- 
and  Sunday 
g,  and  fuel,  to 
upies  a  most 
The  buildings, 
ill.  The  New 
120  by  60  ft , 
ludson  River, 
lated  or  a  hill 

he  largest  and 

xtending  from 

4  at  each  end 

ss  it,  to  afford 

e  original  siir- 

k  and  marsh ; 

een  converted 

rge  portion  of 

comprising  85 

1^  acres  more. 

of  footpatliH, 

together  with 

incif,.!  promo- 

id  bordered  by 

of  Shakspeare 

jiven  oil  Satur- 

e,  a  sumptuous 

ace  by  a  flight 

f  water  in  the 

I  the  continent, 

3ethesda.     The 

it  shady  paths, 

of  the  Ramble 

lan  style.    The 

rk  are  the  ruins 

ss,  where  there 

ilding  formerly 

ontaiiis  87  casts 

I  History  occu- 

e  entrance.     In 

liiaals,  reptiles, 

iimens.     A  new 

lie. — Park  car- 

ti  from  5th  and 

Coaches  may 

20th  and  124th 
1  ft.  high,  com- 
ly  laid  out,  and 
J  in  extent,  and 
It  is  one  of  the 
rounded  by  fine 
I  Avenue,  is  a 
i  of  oval  shape, 
lue.  It  is  filled 
r  end  on  the  E. 
id  on  the  W.  is 
lie  city,  looking 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 


19 


out  upon  the  Bay,  embraces  21  acres,  and  \k  beautifully  laid  out  and  protected  by  a 
iiiastfive  granite  sea-wall.  It  was  the  site  of  a  fort  in  the  early  years  of  the  city, 
and  later  was  surrounded  by  the  residences  of  the  wealthy.  The  City  Hall  Park, 
(■(tinprising  8}  acres,  is  little  more  than  a  reservation  for  [lublic  buildings.  At  its  lower 
end  is  a  fiue  fountain.  The  principal  other  parks  are  Washington  St/uare  (8  acres), 
reached  by  going  W.  from  Broadway  on  4th  St.  or  Waverley  Place;  Stuyveiant 
Square  (4^  acres)  between  16th  and  16th  Sts.,  and  divided  by  2d  Avenue  into 
two  distinct  parks;  Oramercy  Park,  on  20th  St.  near  4th  Avenue;  Tompkint 
Square  (10|^  acres),  between  Avenues  A  and  B  and  7th  and  10th  Sts.,  used  as  a 
parade  ground ;  and  Eeaervoir  Park  (4{  acres),  in  rear  of  the  Distributing  Keservoir 
un  5th  Avenue. 

SibirlNb — No  one  engaged  in  "  doing  "  New  York  should  fail  to  visit  High  Bridge 
(reached  by  small  steamer  from  Harlem,  by  Harlem  River  R.  R.  from  Grand  Cen- 
tral Depot,  or  by  carriage-drive  through  Central  Park).  This  magnificent  structure, 
by  which  the  Croton  Aqueduct  is  carried  across  the  Harlem  River,  is  of  granite 
throughout,  and  spans  the  entire  width  of  valley  and  river,  from  cliff  to  cliff.  It  is 
1,460  ft.  long,  114  ft.  high,  and  supported  on  14  massive  piers.  On  the  lofty  bank 
at  its  S.  end  is  a  capacious  reservoir  for  the  supply  of  the  upper  portions  of  the 
city,  the  water  being  pumpe<l  into  it  by  powerful  machinery.  From  this  point  a 
comprehensive  view  of  the  city  and  surroundings  may  be  had.  A  little  below  High 
Bridge,  most  picturesquely  situated  on  Hudson  River,  is  the  old  Morri*  Mantion, 
once  the  headquarters  of  Washington,  and  late  the  property  of  Madame  Jumel. 
Jerome  Park  is  a  fashionable  race-course  in  Westchester  County  near  the  Harlem 
River  (reached  by  private  conveyance  or  by  Harlem  R.  R.). 

Hoboken  and  WeeAawken  are  pleasant  summer  resorts  on  the  Hudson  River, 
opposite  the  city.  The  Elysian  Fields  are  in  Hoboken,  and  it  was  at  Weehawken 
that  Burr  killed  Hamilton.  Rockaway  Beach  and  Coney  Island  are  on  the  seashore 
just  outside  the  harbor,  and  afford  excellent  bathing  (reached  by  steamer  or  by 
Hteam-cars  from  Brooklyn).  SUtei  Isfand,  the  largest  in  the  harbor,  is  reached  by 
ferry-boats  (which  run  hourly)  from  pier  at  E.  side  of  Battery  to  New  Brighton, 
Port  Richmond,  and  Elm  Park ;  and  from  adjoining  pier  to  Tompkinsville,  Staple- 
ton,  and  Clifton  (fare  10c,).  The  sail  down  the  Bay  is  extremely  pleasant  in  sum- 
mer, and  the  island  offers  beautiful  scenery.  The  drives  about  the  upper  part  are 
particularly  attractive,  and  there  are  broad  views  from  the  heights  over  harbor  and 
ocean.  Fort  Richmond  is  a  mile  S.  E.  of  Clifton  Landing.  OovemorU  Island,  op- 
posite the  Battery,  will  repay  a  visit.  It  contains  two  powerful  forts  (Fort  Colum- 
bus and  Castle  William)  and  a  United  States  Arsenal,  and  the  grounds  are  beauti- 
fully kept.  Access  is  secured  by  the  government  steamer,  which  makes  two  trips  a 
day  from  Whitehall  pier,  or  by  small  boats  which  can  be  liired  at  the  same  point. 

The  islands  in  East  River  and  other  points  of  interest  may  be  seen  by  taking  a 
steamer  at  Peck  Slip  for  Glen  Cove,  L.  I.,  or  for  Harlem.  Opposite  t  9  foot  of  E. 
46th  St.  is  BlaekncelVs  Island,  120  acres  in  extent ;  upon  it  are  located  the  alms- 
house, lunatic  asylum  (for  females),  penitentiary,  workhouse,  blind  asylum,  charity, 
small-pox,  and  typhus-fever  hospitals,  hospital  for  incurables,  and  convalescent  hos- 
]iital,  all  built  of  granite  quarried  on  .the  island  by  the  convicts.  The  boat  now 
passes  along  the  W.  verge  of  Hell- Gate,  long  the  terror  of  all  vessels  entering  or 
leaving  the  harbor  by  way  of  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is  a  collection  of  rocks  in  the 
channel,  which  ofter  so  much  resistance  to  the  tides  as  to  cause  a  succession  of 
whirlpools  and  rapids.  Of  late  years  the  Gate  has  been  shorn  of  most  of  its  dan- 
gers, and  the  U.  S.  Engineers  are  preparing  to  blow  the  remaining  rocks  into  the  air. 
Ward^s  Island  (200  acres)  divides  the  Harlem  from  the  East  River.  Upon  it  are 
the  emigrauL  liospital,  the  lunatic  asylum  (for  males),  and  the  inebriate  asylum,  the 
latter  a  large  and  imposing  building.  RandalVs  Island,  the  last  of  the  group,  is 
separated  from  Ward's  Island  by  a  narrow  channel.  It  is  the  site  of  the  idiot  asy- 
um,  the  nursery,  the  House  of  Refuge,  hospitals,  schools,  and  other  charities  pro- 
vided by  the  city  for  destitute  children.  No  one  is  allowed  to  visit  any  ot  these 
islands  without  permits,  which  may  be  procured  at  the  office  of  the  Commissioners 
of  Public  Charities,  cor.  3d  Avenue  and  11th  St.    See  trip  up  the  Hudson  River. 


so 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


BROOKZiTH. 

BROOKLYN,  the  third  largest  city  in  the  United  States,  lies  just  across  East 
River  from  New  York,  at  the  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  and  is  readied  by  sev- 
eral ferries,  the  principal  of  which  are  Fulton  Ferry,  South  Ferry  (at  foot  of  Broad- 
way), and  Wall  St.  Ferry.  The  extreme  length  of  the  city  from  N.  to  8.  is  7f  m., 
and  its  average  breadth  3^  m.,  embracing  an  area  of  20.84  sq.  m.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  diversified.  Brooklyn  was  settled  in  1625,  near  Wallabout  Bay,  by  a 
band  of  Walloons,  and  during  the  Revolutionary  War  was  the  scene  of  events  that 
give  great  interest  to  some  of  its  localities.  On  the  Heights,  back  of  the  city,  the 
battle  of  Long  Island  (August  26,  177G)  was  fought,  »"'!  the  Americans  defeated 
with  a  loss  of  2,000  out  of  5,000  men.  The  population,  which  was  8,298  in  1800, 
had  increased  in  1870  to  39*1,090. 

Hntcls  and  R«st«inwl8. — The  hotels  are  few  in  number,  the  principal  ones  being 
the  Pierrepont  Home  ($4  a  day),  cor.  Montague  and  Hicks  Sts. ;  and  the  Mantion 
Home,  117  Hicks  St.  The  lending  restaurants  are  Snedeher't,  187  Montague  St., 
and  J)ieter\  803  Washington  St. 

Hades  *t  CMTcyaBcr. — Tlie  horse-cars  afford  means  of  conveyance  to  all  parts  of 
the  city.  All  the  lines  either  start  from,  or  connect  with,  Fulton  Ferry  (fare  6c.). 
Hackney-coaches  are  usually  in  waiting  at  the  principal  ferries. 

StfMts  aid  Drives. — The  main  business  thoroughfare  is  Fulton  St.,  extending  about 
6  m.  from  Fulton  Ferry  to  East  New  York.  Extending  from  Sonth  Ferry  to  East 
New  York,  parallel  with  Fulton  St.,  ia  Atlantic  Avenue,  an  active  business  street  in 
its  lower  part,  and  in  its  upper  shaded  by  double  rows  of  trees.  Olii  ''>n  Avenue  is 
the  handsomest  street  in  the  city,  and  is  lined  with  beautiful  residences  surrounded 
with  extensive  ornamental  grounds.  St.  Marie's  Phee,  in  Sonth  Brooklyn,  is 
scarcely  less  attractive.  Rermen  and  Montague  Streets  contain  many  fine  resi- 
dences; from  Montague  Terrace,  on  the  latter,  is  obtained  a  magnificent  view 
of  New  York  City  and  harbor.  The  favorite  drive  is  through  Prospect  Park 
to  the  Oceaa  Parkway,  a  boulevard  200  ft.  wide,  extending  from  the  S.  W.  comer 
of  the  ])ark  to  the  seashore  at  Coney  Island  (8  m.).  The  Eastern  Parkway,  also  a 
popular  drive,  extends  from  the  park  entrance  to  East  New  York  (21  m.).  Other 
boulevards  are  designed  to  connect  the  park  with  Fort  Hamilton,  Bath,  and  Sheeps- 
head  Bay,  all  of  which  are  popular  resorts. 

PaMIc  aid  PrtMlieat  BalMiigs.— The  Post-Office  is  on  Washington  St.  N.  of  Fulton. 
The  City  Hall,  at  the  junction  of  Fulton,  Court,  and  Joralemon  Sts.,  1  m.  from 
ferry,  is  of  white  marble,  in  the  Ionic  style,  162  ft.  wide  and  102  ft.  deep,  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  tower,  with  belfry  and  four-dial  clock.  The  C«nty  €mui-H*ue, 
fronting  on  Fulton  St.  just  E.  of  the  City  Hall,  is  a  large  building  with  white-marble 
front,  in  the  Corinthian  style;  it  has  a  very  fine  portico,  and  an  iron  dome  104  ft. 
high.  The  County  Jail,  in  Raymond  St.,  is  a  castellated  Gothic  edifice  of  red  sand- 
stone. The  Penitentiary,  an  immense  stone  pile,  is  in  Nostrand  Ave.,  near  the  city 
limits.  The  State  Arsenal  is  in  Portland  Ave.,  near  Washington  Park.  The  City 
Hospital  is  a  large  red-brick  building  in  Raymond  St ,  near  De  Kalb  Ave.  On  Mon- 
tague St.,  near  the  City  Hall,  is  the  Academy  of  Music,  a  brick  structure  of  no  spe- 
cial architectural  merit,  but  with  fine  interior  decorations.  A^oining  it  on  the 
W.  is  the  Icadeny  of  Deslgi,  a  fine  edifice,  whose  front  is  elegantly  carved  in  many 
places.  Opposite  is  the  Mematlle  Library,  a  handsome  building  in  the  Oothic  style, 
containing  a  library  of  42,000  volumes,  and  two  fine  reading-rooms.  The  rooms  of 
the  Long  Island  Historical  Society,  cor.  Court  and  Joralemon  Sts.,  contain  a  large 
library  and  many  curious  relics  (admission  free).  The  Young  Men^s  Christian  As- 
sociation has  a  fine  building  on  Fulton  St.,  cor.  Gallatin  Place,  with  library  and 
reading-room. 

Chuvhes. — Brooklyn  is  known  as  the  "  City  of  Churches,''  and  contains  more  in 
proportion  to  its  population  than  any  other  in  the  country.  Among  the  most 
prominent  are:   Plymouth  (Congregational;  H.  W.  Beeoher,  Pastor),  Orange  St., 


'V*.*^w.i^^*.J.!W^'■3>^:'i^■'r«i^^J■v^^ 


*'Mi«<)w.''j^ssiteia^iat'iiiMMy-3i!i»''e^.Hi  jw«^      'y.  'v-m^.. 


BROOKLTN. 


Ill 


across  East 
aclied  by  sev- 
foot  of  Broad- 
to  8,  is  7J  lU., 
riie  surface  is 
out  Bay,  by  a 
of  events  that 
the  city,  the 
loans  defeated 
3,298  in  1800, 

al  ones  being 
I  the  Mantion 
Montague  St., 

to  all  parts  of 
erry  (fare  6c.). 

xtending  about 
Ferry  to  East 
Hiness  street  in 
m  Avenue  is 
■(28  surrounded 
1  Brooklyn,  is 
[lony  fine  resi- 
gniiicent  view 
Prospect  Parle 
0  8.  W.  corner 
^arheay,  also  a 
24  m.).  Other 
th,  and  Sheeps- 

Jt.N.  of  Fulton. 
Sts.,  1  m.  fVom 
,  deep,  and  sur- 
Bty  C«wt-HMM, 
h  white-marble 
9n  dome  104  ft. 
Hce  of  red  sand- 
e.,  near  the  city 
ark.  The  City 
Ave.  On  Mon- 
;tnre  of  no  spe- 
lining  it  on  the 
jarved  in  many 
he  Gothic  style. 
The  rooms  of 
contain  a  large 
'«  Christian  J.«- 
rith  library  and 

ontains  more  in 
mong  the  most 
or).  Orange  St., 


N.  of  Hicks;  it  is  plain  but  large,  seating  about  A,000  persons.  The  Holy  TVinitv 
(Episcopal),  oor.  Clinton  and  Montague  Sts.,  is  'n  decorated  (Tothic  style,  with  rich 
«it4iined  windows,  and  a  beautiful  spire  276  ft.  high.  St.  Ann^$  (Episcopal),  ror. 
Clinton  and  Livingston  Sts.,  is  in  pointed  Gothic  style,  with  exceedingly  ornate 
interior.  The  Dutch  Reformed,  in  Pierrepont  St.,  near  Monroe  Place,  is  of  brown- 
stone  in  the  Roman  Corinthian  style,  with  a  portico  supported  by  Corinthian  pillars, 
and  a  very  rich  interior.  The  Church  of  the  Pilgrimt  (Congregational ;  R.  S. 
.Storrs,  Pastor),  cor.  Henry  and  Remsen  Sts.,  is  of  gray  stone,  with  lofty  spire. 
Inserted  in  the  main  tower,  about  6  ft.  from  the  ground,  is  a  piece  of  the  "  Pilgrim 
Rock  "  froTn  Plymouth,  Mass,  f  he  Chnreh  of  the  Stiviour  (Unitarian),  cor.  Pierre- 
pont 8t.  and  Monroe  Place,  is  an  elaborate  structure  in  the  pointed  Gothic  style. 
Other  noteworthy  churches  are:  Graee  (Episcopal),  Grace  Court,  cor.  Hicks  St.; 
Chrint  (Episcopal),  cor.  Clinton  and  Harrison  Sts.;  St.  PmiV*  (Episcopal),  cor. 
Clinton  and  Carroll  Sts.;  Atethodiat,  cor.  Clermont  and  Willoughby  Avenues; 
Lafayette  Avenue  PreiibyteriaH,  Lafayette  Ave.  cor.  Oxford  St. ;  Clinton  Avenue 
Ciingregational,  Clinton  Ave.  cor.  Lafayette;  and  Talmage's  Tahernarle,  on  Soher- 
iiiorhorn  St.,  said  to  be  the  largest  Protestimt  church  in  America.  The  principal 
Ivonian  Catholic  churches  are  St.  Charlee  Borromeo,  in  Sidney  Place,  famous  for 
its  music ;  St.  Jame»  Cathedral,  Jay  cor.  Chapel  St. ;  and  St,  Mary^s,  Court  cor. 
l.uqneer  St. 

MisMllaDCCH  P*lnt.«  af  laterMt. — The  United  Stntee  Navy  Yard  (reached  by  horse- 
<iir9  from  Fulton  Ferry),  on  the  8.  shore  of  Wallabout  Buy,  is  the  chief  naval  station 
of  the  Republic.  It  occupies  45  acres  of  ground,  inclosed  by  a  high  brick  wall,  and 
contains  numerous  founderies,  workshops,  and  storehouses.  Representative  vessels 
of  every  kind  used  in  the  Navy  may  usually  be  seen  at  the  Yard,  while  the  trophies 
and  relics  preserved  here  are  of  great  interest.  The  Dry  Dock,  one  of  the  roost 
remarkable  structures  of  the  kind  in  the  world,  is  of  massive  granite,  and  cost 
!$-2,l  13,178.  It  holds  610,000  galls,  of  water,  and  can  be  emptied  by  steam-pumps  in 
\)t  liours.  Half  a  mile  £.  of  the  Navy  Yard,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Wallabout,  is 
tiie  Marine  Hoepital,  a  handsome  granite  building  located  in  the  midst  of  extensive 
^'rotmds.  It  can  accommo<late  500  patients.  The  Atlaatlc  I>Mk  is  at  the  other 
end  of  the  city,  and  about  1  m.  i>elow  the  South  Ferry,  within  what  is  called  Red 
Hook  Point.     It  is  a  very  extensive  work,  and  merits  the  attention  of  strangers. 


Atlantic  Dock. 


The  basin  has  an  area  of  421  acre^<,  and  sutlScient  depth  of  water  to  accommodate 
the  largest  ships ;  the  total  wharfage  is  about  2  m.  The  piers  are  of  solid  granite ; 
and  surrounding  the  basin  on  all  sides,  except  an  entrance  200  ft.  wide  for  vessels, 
are  substantial  brick  and  granite  warehouses.     In  crossing  Fulton  Ferry  to  or  from 


n 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


li: 


New  York,  the  massive  towers  of  the  Bridge  are  conspicuons  objects.  The  tower 
on  the  Brooklyn  side  is  finished,  that  on  the  New  York  sido  nearly  so ;  their  height 
above  high  water  is  208  ft.  The  bridge  itself  will  be  6,000  ft.  long,  and  the  central 
span  across  the  river  from  tower  to  tower  1,595  ft.  long.  It  will  be  85  ft.  wide,  in- 
cluding a  promenade  of  13  ft.,  two  railroad-trucks,  and  four  wagon  or  horse-car 
tracks.  From  high-water  mark  to  the  flour  of  the  bridge  in  the  centre  will  be  a 
distance  of  185  ft.,  so  that  navigation  will  not  be  impeded.  The  approach  on  the 
Brooklyn  side  from  tiie  terminus  to  the  anchorage  will  measure  886  ft. ;  on  the 
New  York  side  1,386  ft.  The  bridge  is  to  be  completed  in  1877,  and  wiU  have 
cost  about  $10,000,000. 

Prtspect  Park  (reached  by  several  lines  of  cars  from  Fulton  Ferry)  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  in  America.  It  contnins  550  acres,  i^  situated  on  an  elevated  ridge, 
and  commands  a  magnificent  view  of  the  two  citie><,  of  the  inner  and  outer  harbor, 
Long  Island,  the  Jersey  shore,  and  the  Atlantic.  It  is  beautifally  shaded  in  many 
parts  by  old  woods  which  have  been  skillfully  improved,  and  its  combination  of 
broad  meadows  and  wooded  hills  is  unequaled  elsewhere.  It  contains  8  m.  of 
drives,  4  m.  of  bridle-paths,  and  11  m.  of  walks.  The  Lake  covers  61  acres,  and 
througli  the  Ole7i  fiows  a  cliarming  brooklet,  broken  here  and  there  into  cascades. 
The  main  entrance  on  Flatbush  Ave.,  known  as  the  Plaza,  is  paved  with  Belgian 
pavement,  and  bordered  by  grassy  mounds ;  in  the  centre  are  a  fine  fountain  and  a 
bronze  statue  of  President  Lincoln.  Tlie  Parade  and  ZoSlogical  Garden  are  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  park ;  the  Dairy  is  about  I  m.  8.  £.  of  the  Phiza ;  and  an  observatory 
100  ft.  high  stands  on  Lookout  Hill.  Park  carriages,  starting  from  the  entrance, 
make  the  circuit  of  most  points  of  interest  (fare  25o.).  Wathington  Park  (80  acres) 
is  an  elevated  )>latean  £.  of  City  Hall,  between  Myrtle  and  De  Kalb  Avenues.  Dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  War  it  was  the  site  of  extensive  fortifications,  of  which  Fort 
Qreene  was  the  principal.  It  commands  an  extensive  view,  and  is  surrounded  by 
a  handsome  stone  wall. 

CIneiwMd  Ceaetcry  (reached  by  cars  from  Fulton  Ferry),  the  most  beautiful  in  the 

world,  is  situ- 
ated on  Oow- 
anus  heights  in 
the  S.  portion 
of  the  city.  It 
contain8413 
acres,  skillfully 
laid  out,  and 
178,000  Inter- 
ments have 
been  made  in 
it  since  its 
opening  in 
1842,  The 
main  entrance, 
near  5th  Ave. 
and  28d  St.,  is 
a  highly  orna- 
mented struct- 
ure of  brown- 
irtone,  monu- 
mental in  form. 
ih  the  middle 
pointed  Goth- 
ic style,  132  ft. 
long  and  40  ft. 
deep,  the  cen- 
tral pinnacle  being  106  ft,  high.  It  is  ornamented  with  sculptures  representing 
scenes  from  the  Gospels,  chief  of  which  are  the  Entombment  and  Resurrection  of 


EDtrsnce  to  Oreenwood  Cemetery. 


I'i^jfcaij;'-'. 


PHILADELPHIA. 


S8 


The  tower 
tlieir  height 
nd  the  central 
15  ft.  wide,  in- 
or  horse-car 
itre  will  be  a 
proacli  on  the 
" '  ft. ;  on  the 
and  win  have 

is  one  of  the 
levated  ridge, 

outer  harbor, 

aded  in  many 
oiiibination  of 
tains  8  m.  of 
s  01  acres,  and 
into  cascades. 

with  Belgian 
fountain  and  a 
lien  are  on  the 
an  observatory 
1  the  entrance, 
Park  (30  acres) 
L  venues.  Dur- 
of  which  Fort 
surrounded  by 

beautiful  in  the 
world,  is  situ- 
ated on  Gow- 
anus  heights  in 
the  S.  portion 
of  the  city.  It 
contains  41S 
acres,  skillfully 
laid  out,  and 
178,000  inter- 
ments have 
been  made  in 
it  since  its 
opening  in 
1842.  The 
main  entrance, 
near  5th  Ave. 
and  28d  St.,  is 
a  highly  orna- 
mented struct- 
ure of  brown- 
dtone,  monu- 
mental in  form, 
iii  the  middle 
pointed  Goth- 
ic style,  132  ft. 
long  and  40  ft. 
deep,  the  cen- 
es  representing 
Resurrection  of 


Christ.  The  grounds  have  a  varied  surface  of  hill,  valley,  andplain,  and  are  trav-  ■ 
erseil  by  17  ni.  of  carriage-roads  and  16  m.  of  foot-paths.  The  elevations  afford 
extensive  views.  There  are  many  beautiful  monuments,  chief  among  which  are 
the  Pilots'  and  Firemen's,  Charlotte  Canda's,  and  that  to  the  "  nmd  poet "  McDonald 
Clark.  By  keeping  in  tlio  main  avenue  called  The  Tour,  as  indicated  by  finger- 
posts, visitors  will  obtain  the  best  general  view  of  the  cemetery,  and  will  be  able  to 
regain  the  entrance  without  difficulty.  About  4  m.  £.  of  Greenwood  are  the 
cemeteries  of  the  Evergreen*  and  Cypreu  Hilh. 


NBW  YORK  TO  PHILADBXiPHIA. 

( Via  Penmylvinia  R.  R.    DiHtanco,  90  m.    Time,  8  to  4  brr.    Fare,  IS.'IS.) 

The  station  in  Jersey  City  is  reached  by  ferries  ft-om  foot  of  Dosbrosses  and 
Cortlandt  Streets.  The  route  is  through  a  flat  and  featureless  country,  and  would 
be  monotonous  but  for  the  numerous  cities  and  towns  along  the  lino.  Neteark  (9 
m.)  contains  100,000  inhabitants,  and  is  a  large  manufacturing  centre,  but  offers  few 
attractions  to  the  tourist.  Elizaheth  (16  m.)  is  the  handsomest  city  in  New  Jersey, 
and  contains  many -fine  residences,  a  few  of  which  are  visible  from  the  cars,  ^ete 
Bruntwiek  (82  m.)  is  an  old  town  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Kuritan  River ;  and 
Princeton  (48  m.)  is  noted  as  the  seat  of  Princeton  College,  one  of  tlm  «)lde8t  and 
most  famous  educational  institutions  in  the  country.  Trenton  (68  m.)  is  pleasantly 
Hitiiated  at  the  head  of  navij^ation  on  the  Delaware,  and  contains  some  fine  public 
buildings.  Here  Washington  won  his  famous  victory  over  the  Hessians,  Dec.  26, 1776. 


PHTfiADBLPHIA. 

PHILADELPHIA,  the  largest  city  as  to  area  in  the  United  States,  and  the  second 
in  population,  lies  between  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill  Rivers,  6  m.  above  their 
junction  and  06  from  the  Atlantic.     Its  precise  latitude  is  39°  67'  N.  and  longitude 
75°  10'  W.     It  is  22  m.  long  from  N.  to  S.,  with  a  breadth  of  6  to  8  rii.,  and  an  area 
of  129.4  80.  m.   The  city,  as  originally  incorporated,  was  bounded  by  the  rivers  Dela- 
ware and  Scbnylkill  and  Vine  and  South  Streets,  rnd  this  area  wtis  not  enlarged 
until  1864,  when  the  corporation  was  extended  over  the  entire  county.     Within  its 
present  area  there  are  over  360  m.  of  paved  streets,  and  more  buildings  than  in  any 
other  city  in  the  country.    The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  N.  and.S.  streets  being 
numbered  in  succession  from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill,  which  is  reached  at 
23d  St.,  tlie  first  street  W.  of  that  being  80th.    These  are  crossed  at  right  angles  by 
named  streets.    A  few  irregular  avenues,  formerly  country-roads,  stretch  awny  from 
the  original  town-plot.    The  houses  on  the  streets  running  £.  and  W.  are  numbered 
toward  the  west,  all  between  1st  and  2d  streets  being  between  100  and  200,  and  all 
between  2d  and  3d  streets  between  200  and  300,  and  so  on ;  so  that  the  number  of 
the  house  indicates  the  number  of  the  street  as  well.     Thus  if  the  nearest  house  be 
836,  Eighth  St.  is  £.  and  9th  St.  W.     In  like  manner,  the  streets  running  N.  and  S. 
are  allowed  100  numbers  for  every  square  they  are  distant  from  Market  St.,  either 
N.  or  S.     This  plan  is  very  convenient  in  going  about  the  city,  as  whenever  one  can 
see  a  number  he  can  calculate  his  exact  distance  from  Market  St.  or  the  Delaware. 
Philadelphia  was  founded  by  William  Penn,  who  came  over  from  England  in 
1682,  accompanied  by  a  colony  of  Quakers,  and  purchased  the  site  from  the  Indians. 
The  emigration  thither  was  very  rapid,  and  in  1684  the  population  was  estimated  nt 
2,500.     Penn  presented  the  city  with  a  charter  in  1701.     It  prospered  greatly,  and 
was  the  most  important  city  in  the  country  during  the  colonial  period  and  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  after  the  Revolution.     The  first  Congress  ossembled 
here,  as  did  also  the  subsequent  Congresses  during  the  continuance  of  the  war.  The 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  signed  and  issued  here,  July  4,  1776.     The  con- 
vention which  tbrmed  the  Constitution  of  the  Republic  assembled  here  in  May,  1787. 
Here  resided  the  first  President  of  the  United  States,  tind  here  Congress  continued 


24 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


.to  meet  until  1787.  The  city  was  in  poHsesflion  of  tJie  Uriti.^h  from  September,  1777, 
to  June,  1778,  a  result  of  the  unfortunate  buttlett  of  Brandy  wine  and  Gennantown. 
Since  the  Kevolution  the  city  has  grown  steadily  and  rapidly.  The  population, 
which  in  I8(t0  was  41,220,  had  increased  to  121,870  in  1860,  to  685,529  in  18(10,  and 
to  ((74,022  in  1874.  The  coinuiorco  of  Philadelphia  is  lar^fe  and  increasing,  but 
manufactures  are  its  ciiiof  source  of  wealth,  and  in  these,  according  to  the  census 
of  1870,  it  is  the  first  city  of  the  Union,  surpassing  New  York  in  the  number  o' 
establishments  (8,184),  in  the  number  of  hands  employed  (1H7,40A),  and  in  the 
amount  of  capital  invested  ($174,016,074).  Tlio  products  of  the  vear  1870  were 
valued  at  |iJ2'i,004,517. 

HMrls,  ttfstaanuits,  ami  Clibs. — Tlie  Continental,  (Chestnut  St.  cor.  9th  St.,  is  an 
excellent  hotel  with  u  front  (of  Pictou  sandstone)  200  t%.  long  and  six  stories  high 
($4.50  per  day).  The  Girard  Howie,  opposite  on  (Miestnut  Ht.,  is  a  handsome  build- 
ing ($3.50).  The  Colonnade,  Chestnut  St.  cor.  15th  ($8.00),  and  the  La  Pierre, 
Broad  cor.  Chestnut  St.  ($3.50  per  day),  are  up-town.  The  Bingham,  cor.  lltb 
and  Market  Sts.,  and  the  American,  ('hestnut  St.  near  6th,  are  much  patronized  by 
merchants  ($8.00  per  day).  The  <SY.  Cloud  ($8.00  a  day)  is  in  Arch  St.  between 
7th  and  8th  ;  the  St.  Elmo  ($2.50  a  day),  Arch  St.  near  8d ;  the  Central  ($2.00  a 
day).  Arch  St.  below  7th  ;  and  the  Ridgway  ($2.00  a  day)  at  tlie  foot  of  Market  St. 
Giii/'s,  cor.  Chestnut  and  7th,  is  on  the  European  plan.  Excellent  boarding-houses 
may  be  obtained  in  all  parts  of  the  city  ($(i  to  $12  per  Week). — In  preparation  for 
viMitors  to  the  Centennial  Exposition  several  now  hotels  have  been  put  up  in  different 
jiarts  of  the  city.  The  Olohe  Hotel  is  a  vast  building  directly  a(Uoining  the  entrance 
to  the  Exposition  grounds;  and  the  Tranneontinental,  on  a  smaller  scale,  is  opposite. 
The  United  States  Hotel  is  an  immense  building,  cor.  Columbia  A  e.  and  42d  St., 
one  block  frcm  the  entrance.  The  "  Centennial  Lodging-House  Agency  "  has  made 
special  arrangements  with  the  proprietors  of  boarding-houses  and  private  residences, 
and  undertakes  to  provide  "  rooms  Airnished  equal  to  those  of  any  hotel  in  the  city, 
with  2  meals  of  superior  quality,  at  daily  prices  of  about  one-half  those  charged  by 
hotels."  Its  "  coupons ''  will  be  on  sale  at  the  principal  railway-offices  throughout 
the  country,  and  the  purchaser  will  be  met  on  the  train  by  a  messenger  who  will 
locate  him  in  one  of  the  rooms  at  the  disposal  of  the  Agency. 

The  best  restaurants  are  the  Continental  Hotel  Cafe,  Chestnut  St.  near  9th ; 
Green's,  781  Chestnut  St.  near  7th;  the  International,  1220  Chestnut  St.;  and 
Ashe's,  1027  Chestnut  St.  Good  lunch-rooms  and  chop-houses  may  be  found  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  city,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Third  St. 

The  Union  League  Club  owns  a  handsome  building  cor.  Broad  and  Sansom 
streets ;  it  is  of  brick  in  the  French  Renaissance  style,  with  facades  of  granite,  brick, 
and  brown-stone.  It  contains  the  best  refectory  in  the  city,  a  reading-room,  paint- 
ings, statuary,  etc.  A  member's  introduction  and  tickets  will  secure  the  visitor  the 
privileges  of  the  club  for  one  month.  The  Bqform  Club  has  a  fine  marble-front 
building  in  Chestnut  St.  near  16th. 

SaMrMul  DepotSi — Pennsylvania  Central,  31st  and  Market  Sts. ;  Philadelphia, 
Wilmington  &  Baltimore,  Broad  and  Washington  Ave. ;  Philadelphia  &  Reelding, 
18th  and  Callowliill  Sts. ;  North  Pennsylvania,  Berks  ai^d  American  Sts. ;  West 
Chester  &  Philadelphia,  31st  and  Walnut ;   Camden  &  Atlantic,  Vine  St.  Ferry.  \ 

HiNles  of  C«nvcyaiire. — The  horse-oar  system  of  Philadelphia  is  unequaled,  and  ren- 
ders every  i)art  of  the  city  easily  accessible.  The  fare  is  7c.,  and  points  on  any 
connecting  line  may  be  reached  by  transfer-tickets  (costing  2c.  additional),  which 
should  be  called  for  on  paying  the  fare.  Carriages  are  found  at  all  the  depots,  and 
at  stands  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  The  fares  are  regulated  by  law,  and  a  card 
containing  them  should  be  in  every  carriage.  They  are  as  follows :  for  1  passenger, 
a  distance  of  one  mile  or  less,  75c.;  2  passengers,  $1.25;  each  additional  one,  25o.; 
for  1  passenger,  2  m.  or  less,  $1.25 ;  2  passengers,  $1.75 ;  each  additional  mile,  50c.; 
by  the  hour,  $1.60.  Children  between  5  and  14  years  of  age,  half  price.  In  case 
of  dispute,  call  a  policeman,  or  apply  at  the  Mayor's  office. 

Ferrlfs.— There  are  four  ferries  to  Camden,  N.  J. :  from  foot  of  Market  St.,  from 
foot  of  Vine  St.,  from  South  St.,  and  from  Shaokamaxon  St.  in  Weft  Philadelphia 


.;^:- 


PHILADELPHIA. 


M 


ember,  1777, 
}erniantuwii. 
population, 
in  18(10,  and 
jreaMing,  but 

0  the  oeDHUS 
e  nuiniier  u^' 

and  in  the 
1870  were 

Btb  Ht.,  is  on 
Htories  high 
idttoirie  build- 
La  Pierre, 
inn,  cor.  11th 
mtronized  by 

1  St.  between 
ntral  ($2.00  a 
A  Marlcet  St. 
arding-houBes 
•eparation  for 
up  in  diiferont 
t  the  entrance 
le,  18  opposite. 

and  42d  St., 
cy  "  has  made 
ate  reuidences, 
tol  in  the  city, 
se  charged  by 
ies  tiiroughout 
mger  who  will 

St.  near  9th; 
itnut  St.;  and 
)e  found  in  the 

d  and  Sansom 
'  granite,  brick, 
ig-room,  paint- 
tlie  visitor  the 
e  marble-front 

Philadelphia, 
Ma  &  Reading, 
can  Sts. ;  Wett 
e  at.  Ferry.  \ 
[ualed,  and  ren- 

points  on  any 
lltional),  which 
the  depots,  and 
law,  and  a  card 
for  1  passenger, 
ional  one,  25c. ; 
ional  mile,  60c. ; 
price.    In  case 

[arket  St.,  from 
lit  Philadelphia 


(fare  Hk,).    One  from  South  St.  to  Olouuester,  N.  J.  (tare  flc).     And  one  from 
South  St.  to  Red  Bank,  N.  J.  (fare  lOc). 

8trceti  awl  DrlTcs.— -The  great  business  thoroughfare  is  Market  St.  ;  it  runs  E.  and 
W.,  is  100  ft.  wide,  and  contains  the  principal  wholesale  stores.  Braad  8t«,  the 
central  street  N.  and  S.,  is  118  ft.  wide,  and  is  lined  with  churches  and  elegant  pri- 
vate residences.  Kuch  of  these  streets  is  built  ui>  continuously  for  about  4  m. 
Chrstaat  8t>,  parallel  with  Market  on  the  S.,  is  the  fashionable  promenade,  containing 
the  finest  hotels  and  retail  stores.  Lombard,  farther  S.,  and  Arch,  Race,  and  Vine, 
N.  of  Market,  are  leading  and  wealthy  streets.  Third  St.  is  the  banking  and  finan- 
cial centre.  The  principal  drives  are  through  Faimiount  Park,  and  out  Uroad  St. 
toward  Germantown. 

Ol^lccts  tf  ABti^Mriai  iatfffst. — Philadel|>hia  is  |)e(!uliarly  rich  in  relics  of  its  early 
history.  The  oldext  of  these  is  the  Old  Swedee'  Church  (in  Swanson  St.,  below 
dhristian),  which  was  built  in  1700,  to  take  the  place  of  a  log  structure  erected  in 
I  ((77.  It  is  of  brick,  and  is  still  regularly  used.  Surrounding  the  church  is  a  ceme- 
tery, in  which  gravestones  dating  from  1700  may  be  seen.  Penn't  Cottage,  a  little 
two-story  brick  house,  stands  on  Letitia  St.,  a  few  doors  S.  of  Market ;  it  was  built 
for  Penn  before  his  arrival  in  the  settlement,  and  curiously  enough  has  withstood 
the  march  of  improvement  that  has  swept  away  so  many  more  pretentions  structures. 
A  few  steps  from  this,  on  the  S.  W.  cor.  of  Front  and  Market  Streets,  stands  a  small 
brick  house,  now  used  as  n  tobacco-shop ;  a  hundred  years  ago  it  was  the  celebrated 
"  London  Cofi'ee-IIouse,"  frequented  by  the  magnates  of  the  city.  It  was  built  in 
1 702.  Treaty  Monument,  a  simple  obelisk  upon  a  granite  jjcdestal,  cor.  Beach  and 
Hanover  streets  (Kensington),  marks  the  site  of  the  old  elm-tree  under  which  Penn 
made  his  memorable  treaty  with  the  Indians.  The  tree  was  blown  down  in  1810. 
Christ  Chirch  (Episcopal),  in  2d  St.,  near  Market,  was  begun  in  1727,  and  is  still  a 
fine  building  and  in  perfect  preservation.  Its  steeple  is  lOA  ft.  high,  and  contains 
the  oldest  chime  of  bells  in  America.  Two  services  are  h«.'ltl  in  the  church  on  Sun- 
day, and  it  is  open  for 
prayers  on  Wednesdays  and 
Fridays,  at  11  a.  m.,  at  which 
times  it  may  be  visited.  On 
the  S.  side  of  Chestnut  St., 
between  8d  and  4th,  nar- 
row court  leads  to  Carpen- 
t«r>8  Hall,  where  assembled 
the  first  Congress  of  the 
United  Colonies.  It  is  a 
plain  two-story  brick  build- 
ing, surmounted  by  a  cupola. 
The  most  interesting  object 
in  Philadelpliia  is  ladepea* 
dfBM  Han,  in  Chestnut  St., 
between  6th  and  6th.  It 
was  comme  iced  in  1729  and 
completed  in  1736,  at  a  cost 
of  £6,600.  In  tlie  E.  room 
(Independence  Hall  proper) 
the  Continental  Congress 
met,  and  here  on  the  4t1i  of 
July,  1776,  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  was  adopt- 
ed and  publicly  procloimed 
from  the  steps  on  the  same 
day.  The  room  presents 
the  same  appearance  now 

as  it  did  at^bat  time ;  the  furniture  is  that  used  by  Congress,  there  are  a  statue 
of  Washingtmi,  numerous  portraits  and  pictures,  'and  many  curious  Revolution- 


t 
* 


«*^53BEr 


|][^3^iSiS5S 


>,--ijj^«^!tfe*-- ; 


ae 


HAND-BOUK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


ary  roltcn.  Here  also  Ih  preserved  the  old  "Liberty  Bell,"  the  first  bell  rung  in 
the  United  KtiiteH  after  the  naHHafte  of  the  Declaration.  In  Con^resB  Hall,  in  the 
itecond  Htory,  Wnshinitton  delivered  his  farewell  address.  Visitors  are  admitted 
between  0  \.  m.  and  4  i>.  m.  daily.  The  8nperinteiident  will,  on  application,  furnish 
tickets  adiiiittin«  tlio  bearers  to  the  steeple,  from  which  a  tine  panoramic  view  of 
the  city  may  l>t>  had.  On  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  the  Hall  stands  Bailley's  statue 
of  Washington.  Hulttheimer^t  New  Home,  where  Joftorson  penned  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  is  still  standinfr  at  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Market  and  7th  Streets. 
Franklin's  Orme  is  at  the  8.  E.  corner  of  Arch  and  6th  streets.  Iron  railing  t  have 
been  oubstitutod  for  tiie  brick  wall  of  the  cemetery  opposite  the  (irave,  so  that  the 
visitor  mwj  look  in.  No.  289  Arch  St.  is  noticeable  as  the  place  where  the  first 
Aii:erican  Huk  was  made. 

Pibllr  aad  PrtHlnrnt  Billdlnp.— The  Pott- Office,  a  plain  white  marble  building, 
is  in  Chestnut  8t.  bt'low  5th.  A  very  largo  neiv  buildmg  for  this  purpose  is  in  pro- 
cess of  construction  at  the  cor.  of  9tli  and  Chestnut  Streets.  It  is  to  be  of  granite 
in  the  French  Renaissance  style,  four  stories  high,  with  an  iron  dome.  The  new 
Puhlie  Buildings  (for  law-courts  an<l  pul)lic  offices)  is  being  erected  on  what  was 
once  Pei.n  Scjuare,  at  Hroad  and  Market  Streets.     It  will  be  an  enormous  structure, 

486j^  ft.  long 
■5;,  by  470  w^ide, 

four  stories 
high,  and 
covering  an 
area  of  near- 
ly 4^  acres, 
not  includ- 
ing a  court- 
yard in  the 
centre  200  ft. 
square.  The 
central  tow- 
er will  be 
460  ft.  high. 
The  exterior 
walls  are  to 
be  of  white 
marble,  and 
those  facing 
the  court- 
yard of  light 
Public  Buildings,  cor.  Broad  wid  Market  St*.  h\ne  marble. 

The  Cvttom-ffome,  for'..jerly  the  United  States  Bank,  on  Chestnut  St.  between  4th 
and  6th,  is  a  chaste  specimen  of  the  Doric  order  of  architecture,  modeled  on  the 
Parthenon  at  Athens,  with  the  omission  of  the  colonnades  at  tlie  sides.  The  Chest- 
nut St.  and  Library  St.  fronts  have  each  eight  massive  fiuted  columns,  supporting  a 
heavy  entablature.  The  IJiltcd  States  Mlat,  Chestnut  St.  cor.  Juniper,  is  a  white- 
marble  building  in  the  Ionic  style,  with  a  graceful  portico.  The  processes  of  coining 
are  very  interesting,  and  the  collection  of  coins  preserved  here  is  the  largest  and 
most  valuable  in  the  Union.  Visitors  are  admitted  to  the  Mint  during  each  secular 
day  from  9  to  12  o'clock,  and  the  processes  pointed  out  by  an  attendant.  The 
United  States  Naval  Asylum,  on  Gray's  Ferry  Road  near  South  St.,  is  an  immense 
marble  building  standing  in  the  midst  of  spacious  and  highly-cultivated  grounds. 
The  Ionic  portico,  with  8  graceful  columns,  the  .rophy  cannon,  and  the  oflSuial  resi- 
dences, are  worthy  of  notice.  There  are  twr  1  &  Arsenals,  one  a  short  distance 
S.  E.  of  the  Naval  Asylum,  and  the  other  near  Frankford  (reached  by  the  red  cars 
of  the  2d  and  3d  St.  line).  The  former  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  shoes, 
equipments,  and  clothing  for  the  army ;  the  latter  is  devoted  to  the  manufacture  of 
fixed  ammunition,  and  contains  one  of  the  largest  powder-magazines  in  the  United 


PHILADBLPHIA. 


27 


bell  rang  in 

Hall,  in  the 
ure  admitted 
ttion,  furnixh 

inio  view  of 
illoy'B  statue 
e  Declaration 

7th  StreetB. 
railinc  <  have 
80  that  the 
here  the  first 

lie  building, 
»o8o  is  in  pro- 
be of  granite 
The  new 
on  what  was 
ous  straoture, 
486]r  a.  lung 
by  470  wide, 
four    stories 
high,   and 
covering  an 
area  of  near- 
ly 4|^  acres, 
not  includ- 
ing a  court- 
yard in  the 
centre  200  ft. 
square.    The 
central  tow- 
er   will     be 
450  ft.  high. 
The  exterior 
walls  are  to 
be  of  white 
marble,  and 
thoxe  facing 
the     court- 
yard of  light 
blue  marble. 
.  between  4th 
lodeled  on  the 
i.    Tiie  Chest- 
»,  supporting  a 
er,  is  a  white- 
isses  of  coining 
he  largest  and 
ig  each  secular 
tendant.     The 
is  an  immense 
vated  grounds, 
lie  official  resi- 
short  distance 
y  the  red  cars 
iture  of  shoes, 
qannfaoture  of 
I  in  the  United 


^*<W. 


Htiites.  The  EMten  PciltMitUrjr,  in  Fairmonnt  Ave.  above  22d  Bt.,  covers  about  10 
acres  of  ground,  and  in  architecture  resembles  a  baronial  cnstle  of  the  middle  ages. 
The  separate  (not  solitary)  system  U  adopted  here,  but  is  modified  to  the  extent  of 
confining  two  prisoners  in  each  of  the  larger  cells  whenever  the  prison  Im  crowilcd. 
Each  prisoner  is  furnished  with  work  enongh  to  keep  him  moderately  busy;  and  is 
allowed  to  see  and  converse  with  the  chaplain,  prison- inspectors,  and  other  officials, 
bnt  not  with  any  of  his  fellow-prisoners.  Tickets  of  admission  are  obtained  at  the 
Ledger  office.  The  County  (Aloyameming)  Prison,  11th  St.  and  Passyunk  Road,  is 
a  spacious  granite  building  in  the  Indo-Gothic  style,  appropriated  to  the  confinement 
of  persons  awaiting  trial,  or  who  are  sentenced  for  short  periods.  Tickets  at  Ledger 
office.  The  Home  of  Refuge  is  in  22d  8t.  near  Poplar.  Admission  every  afternoon 
except  Saturtiay  and  Sunday.     Tickets  at  Ledger  office. 

The  Mrrrhants'  Exrhaige,  cor.  8d  and  Walnut,  is  a  fine  marble  building,  with  an 
ornamental  front  on  Dock  St.,  a  semicircular  colonnade  of  8  pillars,  and  a  spacious 
rotunda  within  <m  tliut  side.  The  Reading-Room  in  the  rotunda  of  the  second  story 
is  handsomely  frescoed.  The  Commercial  Erehnnge,  2d  St.  below  Chestnut,  of 
brown-stone  in  tiie  lioinan-Oothic  style,  stands  on  the  site  of  the  old  "  slate-roof 
house,"  once  the  residence  of  William  Penn.  The  Ledger  Balldiag,  Chestnut  St 
cor.  6th,  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  city  sights.  Tt  is  of  brown-stone,  6  stories  high, 
with  Mansard  roof,  and  is  one  of  the  most  perfectly  appointed  nowspoper-offices  in 
world.  A  short 
distance  to  the 
E.,  in  Market 
St.  above  7th, 
is  the  large  six- 
story  publish- 
ing-house of  J. 
B.  Lippincott 
&  Co.  The 
Oirard  Na- 
tional Bank, 
3d  St.  below 
Chestnut,  is  a 
stately  edifice 
with  handsome 
))ortico,  origi- 
nally built  for 
the  first  United 
States  Bank 
{1795-'98),and 
occupied  by 
Stephen  Girard 
until  his  death. 

It  was  copied  from  the  Dublin  Exchange.  The  Philadelphia  Bank,  Chestnut  St. 
near  4th,  of  granite ;  the  Farmere'  and  Mechanics'  Bank,  adjoining;  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank,  Chestnut  St.  near  3d ;  and  the  Bank  of  North  America,  near  by,  of 
brown-stone,  are  among  the  finest  buildinge  in  the  city.  The  massive  marble  edifice 
of  the  Fidelity  Sqfe  Deposit  Co.,  Chestnut  St.  near  3d ;  that  of  the  Provident  Life 
and  Trust  Co.  in  4th  St, ;  that  of  the  Pennsylvania  L\fe  Insurance  Co.,  Chestnut 
St.  near  4th ;  and  that  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  Chestnut  and  10th,  are 
also  handsome  structures.  The  new  MasMic  Teaple,  cor.  Broad  and  Filbert  Sts., 
is  a  solid  granite  structure  in  the  Norman  style,  260  ft.  long,  160  ft.  wide,  and  90 
ft.  high,  with  a  tower  at  one  corner  280  ft.  high.  The  porch  is  especially  fine,  and 
the  whole  Temple  is  richly  ornamented.  It  contains  several  large  halls  finished  in 
various  styles  of  architecture,  Corinthian,  Doric,  Egyptian,  Ionic,  Oriental,  Norman, 
nnd  Gothic.  The  numerous  Markets  of  Philadelphia  are  many  of  them  noteworthy 
tor  their  great  extent  and  admirable  appointment.  The  largest  are  on  Market  St. 
or  near  it. 


Ledger  Bnlldlng. 


■v«*„?. 


S8 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIRH. 


;n;ii 


ThMUni  urf  PiMM  cf  AMMtarak— The  Ae-atUmy  of  Mtuie,  Broad  and  \jwvuA  Ht., 
la  tbo  larKttHt  opera-hoiiHe  in  the  United  HtateH,  It  is  bull  of  prffited  brick  with 
brown-atotie  ilreNMiiiKH,  268  ft.  lonir  by  140  ft.'wldo ;  tho  an  .itoriuni  in  102  (i.  deep 

imd  90  wide,  vith  three  frullerlea,  and 
and  haa  »ittinf;p<  for  upward  of  8,000 
peraonH.  Mrn.  Jolin  Drew's  Arfk  St. 
Theatre,  Arch  Ht.  above  6th,  haa  a 
g(MMl  company.  Tho  Walnut  St.  The- 
atre, \h  lit  lltii  and  Walnut.  The  Chest- 
nut St.  Theatre  ia  in  ('hentnut  above 
12tli;  and  the  Uraml  Central  The- 
atre (III  Walnut  above  8tli.  Negro 
Minntrel  entertainments  are  K<ven  at 
the  Kletenth  St.  Opera-howte  (11th 
above  Walnut),  and  Simmon*  <f  Slo- 
rum'n  Opera- J/otue  (Arch  Ht.  above 
lOtb).  Fox" »  American  Theatre  (Va- 
rietioM)  iH  in  Chcatnut  Ht.  above  10th  ; 
^■m  ^^^^^^^^^H     ■  and   Wood'e  Miueum,  at  the  <-or.  9th 

and  Arch.  Muaical  entertainments 
are  given  at  JJutieal  Fund  Hall,  Lo- 
cust Ht.  below  nth,  and  at  Concert 
Hall,  Chestnut  St.  above  ]2tli ;  aluo 
;it  the  Academy.  The  Horticultural 
Hall,  Broad  and  Locust  8ts.,  is^tlie 
scene  of  the  annual  floral  displays  of 
the  Horticultural  Hociety. 

Ubnrlfis    Art   GallcrlM,   rtr.  —  The 
PhiUtilelphia      Library,     sometimes 
Mononio  Temple.  p„|i,,j  t,,^  pnuiklln  Library,  founded 

in  1781  through  the  influence  of  Bet^jamin  Franklin  and  the  members  of  the 
"Junto,"  stands  in  6th  St.  below  Chestnut.  Over  the  front  entrance  is  a  mar- 
ble statue  of  Franklin,  executed  in  Italy,  by  ofder  of  William  Bingham.  The 
library  contains  100,000  volumes,  and  is  rich  in  early  printed  works,  and  works 
on  America*  history.  Admission  fVee  tVom  10  o'clock  till  sunset.  The  "  Ridg- 
wiiy  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Library,  now  building  on  the  square  bounded 
by  Broad,  18th,  Christian,  and  Carpenter  streets,  is  a  bequest  of  the  late  Dr. 
Rush,  an  eminent  and  wealthy  citizen.  It  will  be  one  of  the  flnest  structurett 
of  the  kin<l  in  the  country,  being  of  granite,  with  a  front  of  220  ft.  and  a  depth  of 
106  ft.  The  facade  will  consist  of  a  portico  with  It)  Doric  columns,  and,  besides 
the  library,  there  will  bo  two  reading-rooms,  while  the  groun<ls  will  offer  the 
finest  effects  of  landscape-gardening.  The  Merenntile  Library,  in  10th  St.  above 
Chestnut,  is  the  largest  in  the  city,  and  contains  112,000  volumes.  The  bnild- 
ing  is  a  handsome  one,  and  the  reading-room  well  supplied.  Open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10 
p.  M.  daily.  The  Apprentirea'  Library,  cor.  5th  and  Arch  Streets,  has  20,000  vol- 
umes. It  was  founded  in  1821,  and  is  open  to  the  youth  of  both  sexes.  The  Athe- 
nmum  occupies  an  imposing  building  in  6th  St.  nor.  Adelphi,  and  contains  a  library 
of  20,000  volumes,  a  reading-room,  and  a  chess-room.  The  Friends^  Library,  in 
Race  St.  near  15th,  contains  8,000  volumes;  the  German  Library,  in  S.  7th  St., 
contains  16,000  volumes ;  and  there  are  several  other  small  libraries  in  different 
parts  of  the  city. 

The  Acadcay  sf  Nataral  Meamti  (open  Tuesday  and  Friday  afternoons :  admission, 
lOo.)  is  temporarily  located  in  Broad  St.,  below  Chestnut.  Its  library  contains  S^6,000 
volumes,  and  there  are  very  extensive  collections  in  zodlogy,  ornithology,  geology, 
mineralogy,  conchology,  ethnology.  archsBology.  and  botany.  The  collection  of 
birds  is  especially  rich,  as  is  also  the  Cabinet  of  liotany.  The  Cabinets  of  Geology 
and  Mineralogy  are  also  very  complete.  The  museum  contains  upward  of  260,00<> 
specimens  in  all.    A  new  and  extensive  building  for  the  Academy,  of  serpentim^ 


PHILADKLPHIA. 


M 


d  [..oouiit  Ht., 
il  brink  with 
102  ft.  deep 
mllerieii,  and 
ard  of  8,(M)0 
w'n  Arfh  St. 

Otii,  liwt  a 
nut  St.  The- 

Tlie  I'hett- 

Htnut  above 

'eiifrtil   The- 

8tli.     Negro 

aru  ^iveii  at 

liou»f  (lltb 

mouD  ft  Slo- 

\\   St.  above 

Theattf  ( Va- 

abovo  lOtli ; 

tbc  cor.  9th 

itertaininents 

ltd  Hall,  Lo- 

J   at   Concert 

0  12tli;    alno 

Ilartieultural 

t  8t8.,  Ujlie 

ul  diHplays  of 

I,  ft*.  —  The 
Monietimes 
rary,  founded 
nhers  of  the 
\if\s  b  a  mar- 
n^rbaiii.  The 
(s*,  and  works 

The  "RldK- 

uare  bounded 

the   late  Dr. 

est  structure* 

nd  a  depth  of 

and,  besides 
n'ill  offer  the 
0th  8t.  above 
,  The  build- 
I  0  A.  M.  to  10 
AH  20,000  vol- 
B.  The  Athe- 
iiins  a  library 
»'  Library,  in 
in  8.  7th  St., 
)8  in  different 

s:  admission, 
ontains  36,000 
logy,  geology. 

collection  of 
its  of  Geologv 
krd  of  250,000 

of  serpentina 


xtono' trimmed  with  Ohio  undstonc,  in  the  collegiate  Oothie  ntyle,  is  in  course  of 
trt-otion  on  the  corner  of  l«th  and  Race  Streets.  The  fVanHin  Inntitute,  7th  8t., 
aliove  ('hestnut,  is  designed  to  promote  the  mechanic  and  useful  arts.  It  has  a 
lilinirv  of  7,noo  volumes,  a  reading-room,  and  maintains  courses  of  lectures  on  dif- 
ferent l)ranclK's  of  s<'ionce.  Strangers  adniittctl  on  application  to  the  Secretary. 
Tlic  IIMorieal  Society  of  Peiiintyhtinia  (open  from  10  a.  m.  to  5  i*.  m.)  is  at  H20 
Spruce  St.  lis  library  (containing  Ifi.OOO  Ixioks,  4(i,(H)0  pamphlets,  and  20,IHI0  folios 
of  MSS.)  is  particularly  rich  in  local  and  family  histories;  and  there  are  many  in- 
IcrcHting  relics.  The  Ainerieitn  PhiloHophieal  Society,  6th  St.,  below  C'liestnut,  has 
M  library  of  IA.ihm)  books  an<l  15,000  pamphlets,  and  a  choice  collection  of  minerals, 
foKsils,  coins,  and  ancient  relics. 

A  new  buibling  for  the  Academy  qf  Fine  Art*  is  in  process  of  erection  at  Hroad 
and  Cherry  Streets;  it  is  in  Horid  (iotbic  style,  and  is  profusely  ornamented.  The 
ciillection  of  paintings,  statuary,  etc.,  which  is  very  tine,  is  for  the  present  stored 
away.  Fine  oictures  may  usually  be  seen  at  the  sales-galleries  of  Karle  (Nlrt  Chest- 
nut St.),  and  llazeltine  (I12A  Chestnut  St.).  The  privat»  galleries  of  Henry  C.  Oib- 
Hon,  James  L.  Claghorn,  A.  E.  Borie,  Joseph  Harrison,  Jr.,  and  Wm.  H.  Bement. 
are  among  the  richest  in  the  country.  Adndssion  to  these  may  usually  be  obtained 
liy  application  to  the  proprietors,  personally  or  by  letter. 

Chirrkcs. — Among  the  424  churches  in  the  city,  the  fcdlowing  are  the  most  note- 
worthy: the  Cathedral  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  (Roman  Catholic),  on  Logan 
S<|uare,  IHtli  St.,  is  built  of  red  sandstone,  and  is  the  largest  church  edifice  in  the 
city.  It  has  a  front  of  l.'iH  ft.,  a  depth  of  210  ft.,  and  is  crowned  liy  a  dome  210  ft. 
high.  The  favade  consists  of  a  cla.-«sic  pediment  upheld  by  four  lofty  Corinthian 
I'olunma,  flanked  by  pilastored  wings.  The  interior  is  cruciform  and  adorned  with 
frescoes;  the  altar-piece,  by  Brumidi,  is  conspicuous  for  its  fine  coloring.  St. 
l'eter'$  (Episcopal),  cor.  I'ine  and  Sd  Streets,  is  one  of  the  old  churches  of  the  city ; 
\K  was  begim  in  17A8,  and  finished  in  1761.  In  the  yard  is  a  monument  to  Commo- 
dore I>ecatur,  and  in  the  steeple  a  chime  of  bells.  Other  Episcopal  churches  notable 
for  their  fine  architecture  arc  St.  Mark'*,  in  the  later  or  English-Gothic  style,  cor. 
16t!i  and  Ix)cnst;  the  Holy  Trinity,  in  the  Norman  style,  cor.  19th  and  Walnut; 
the  Church  of  the  Incarnation,  of  granite  and  Pictou  stone,  Broad  St.,  cor.  of  Jef- 
ferson; St.  Stephen^*,  pure  Gothic,  on  4th  St.,  below  Market;  and  St,  Andrew^*, 
Htli  St.,  near  Spruce,  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Qrecian- Ionic  style.  The  new  Beth- 
Kilen  Bnptiit  Church  at  the  comer  of  Broad  and  Spruce  Streets  is  a  beautiful  build- 
i  u  g.  The 
]Y cut  Arch 
St.  Church 
(I'resbyteri- 
tin)  is  a  very 
handsome 
and  spaciou  < 
structure  in 
the  Roman- 
Corinthian 
style;  and  the 
•Second  Pret- 
hyterian{2\iii 
and  Walnut 
Sts.),  the  Cal- 
rnry  (in  Lo- 
cust St.),  and 
the  Wathing- 
t«n  Square 
(Presbyteri-  „  .     ,.     , »       .     . 

an),    are   fine  Univenlty  of  Penn»ylv«.U. 

buildings  in  various  styles.      The  Central  Cwigregational,  18th  and   Green   Sts., 

is  a  handsome  structure  in  the   Norman   style.     At  the  intersection  of  Broad 


5t&'JitofaS-i 


mr 


80 


HAND-BUOK  OK  AMERICAN   OITIKH. 


anil  Arrh  AtreetH  i*  a  climtKr  of  Hiiu  chnrcliuH:  the  Areh  St.  M^thodUt,  n(  white 
iiiurlilc;  tiio  Fir»t  /hi'tut,  of  l>rown-»t(»iH> ;  urid  ilio  Luthmm  Churfh,  it(  if rten 
Muriit'iitinu,  in  tliu  Outliic  Htylu.  On  Hroml  St.,  noiir  (irovrt,  ii«  tliu  Sffmigogur,  « 
ImnilNDniu  tlioii^tli  |ii>ciiliiir  NtriK'tnrc  iit'  tlio  HuniCKnic  oriliT.  Anions  tnu  inuutinK- 
hoiiNfs  lit' till'  Krii(riilM,  that  (iii  tlio  coniur  of  Arch  anil  4th  StM.  Im  hcitt  wnrth  ii  viNlt, 
Miratlaul  Md  CharlUMfi  UiitllBtiM*.  -Thu  I'nhiniiti/  t\f  /'f  unity  I  run  in  (xciiiiieii  a 
group  of  new  iind  liuiidHonio  liiiihiinxM  near  ilHth  aiil  Lui'tixt  Mtri-ctM,  in  Wext  I'hila- 
iloipiiiik.  It  Im  OIK)  ot'thit  oliluNt  iiiNtltiitionx  ot'  tlio  kiiiil  ill  tli«  coiiiitr^r,  having  houn 
I'oiindiMl  an  an  aciuiciiiy  in  1741),  i>ri><^tud  into  n  lollt-Kf  in  I70A,  nn-.l  into  a  univ«ir'<ity 
in  1771),  It  Iiui4  HcadctiilrnI,  coilctriitto,  art,  Hfiuntitic,  iiiodical,  ami  law  di<|>artiiiuntM ; 
and  in  W4-'71S  had  M  inittriictorH  and  hiio  HtiiduiitH.  ItN  jihrury  niiinlierN  Ih.ihk) 
vuliiniux;  in  tliu  dupartiiiunt  ot' hcIuikm  tlicrc  uru  a  coiluctioii  of  Aiiiurican  foMNiU 
und  u  iiiinvruloKical  cuhinut  containinK  lll,*)<)ll  H|>fciiiiciiH;  and  Hic  niodicHJ  doiiart- 
niunt  liiiH  a  valiiahio  iiiuhoiiiii  and  cnhinetM.  tllrard  i'allritr  U  Nitimtixl  on  UUlffvi  Ave., 
ahout  2  111.  in  a  N.  W.  direiition  from  the  Stato-lloiiHo.  It  wai«  foiiiidt'd  hy  Stephen 
Oinrd,  u  native  of  France,  who  died  in  Ih:)I.  He  liuqueathed  l|'2,00<),tKM)  for  the 
piiriJOHe  of  ere(^tin|,(  Hiiitahle  buildiiiKH  "  for  tho  gratiiitoiiK  inMtriii'tion  and  Hiipiiort 
«>f  (leHtitiitu  orphaim ;  "  and  the  inittltution  Ih  Hiipported  hy  the  Income  of  the  reMlduo 
of  IiIh  extitte  after  tlie  payment  of  ccrtnin  leKueieM.  On  Dec.  1)1,  1H74,  the  eHtate 
Hinotinted  to  Itt,  l()4,)H(l'i.2'2.  The  mte  of  tlie  college-Kroundx,  einhracing  42  acreo,  Ih 
on  tlie  Diiiiimit  of  a  tilope  (onimanding  a  tino  view.  The  oentral  or  college  building 
is  218  tl.  long,  100  wide,  and  1)7  high,  and  Ih  a  nuhle  iiiarhle  Htructiire  of  the  Corin- 
thian order. 
The  roof  coni- 
iiiandHa  wide 
view  of  the 
city.  In  tli^ 
room  in  the 
building 
known  as 
"(Jirard's 
room  "  are 
preHcrved  the 
I)  o  o  k  M  and 
pordonnl  ef- 
fectH  of  the 
founder.  A 
statue  of  Gl- 
rard  HtandH  at 
the  foot  of  the 
grand  stair- 
way, and  un- 
derneath the 
statue  he  is 
buried.     The 

grounds  contain  a  monument  to  the  graduates  of  the  college  who  fell  in  the  civil 
war.  Permits  to  visit  the  college  may  be  obtained  at  the  principal  hotels,  of  the 
Secretary,  or  of  the  Directors.  Clergymen  are  not  admitted.  Other  leading  edu- 
cational institutions  are  the  Wagner  Free  Inntitute  of  Science,  cor,  17th  St.  and 
Montgomery  Ave. ;  the  Jefferton  Medical  College,  10th  St.,  near  Chestnnt;  the  Col- 
lege of  Physieinm,  cor.  Locust  and  18th  Streets;  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College, 
Filbert  St.,  near  11th;  and  the  Polytechnic  College,  West  Penn  Square,  near  Mar- 
ket St. 

Of  the  charitable  institutions,  those  best  worth  a  visit  are  the  Bleckley  Alas- 
hMM  (take  Walnut  St.  cars  to  84th  St. ;  tickets  of  admission  at  42  N.  7th  St.),  an 
immense  structure,  consisting  of  four  main  buildings,  each  600  ft.  front,  covering 
nnd  inclosing  about  10  acres  of  ground ;  the  Blind  Atylum,  cor.  20th  and  Race 
Hts.,  which  is  not  an  asylum  but  a  school,  in  which  the  unfortunate  persons  for 


Olrsrd  Collefro, 


ut,  of  whlt«« 
rcA,  of  Kreen 

tlut  MiuulinK- 

r'ortll   II   ViNit. 

r)  orciljtieil  a 
\Vn«t  Pliiln- 
liaviiiK  l)i>en 
a  univfr^ity 
KpurtinvntM ; 
iilivrM  IH,(i(H) 
riciin   foMMilM 
licrtl  (loiiiirt- 
KIiIkk  Ave., 
I  \>y  Hte|ilion 
,(100  for  the 
n  anil  Htipiiort 
of  the  rcHiiliio 
74,  the  eMtuto 
Hc  4*2  iicroa,  la 
\U-\tti  buiidinif 
of  ihu  Corin- 
thian    order. 
Th«  roof  com- 
iiiandHu  wide 
view    of  tiie 
i-lty.      In  th^ 
room   in   the 
t>  II  i  1  d  i  n  K 
l(  n  o  w  n    H  8 
"(Jirard'g 
room  "  arc 
preHorved  the 
bookH  and 
per8onal     ef- 
fectH    of    tlie 
founder.      A 
Btatiio  of  Gi- 
rard  Htandx  at 
tliefootofthe 
ttrand     utair- 
wuy,  and  un- 
derneath the 
ntatiio    he    i8 
l)iiricd.     Tlie 
lit  in  the  civil 
I  hotels,  of  the 
>r  leading  eda- 
,  17th  St.  and 
tnnt;  the  Col- 
'edieiil  College, 
are,  near  Mar- 

VhtUtj  UtM- 

N.  7th  St.),  an 
Tont,  covering 
20th  and  Race 
tte  persoDB  for 


PniLADBLrillA. 


•1 


uhoiwi  l>«>ni*flt  it  waH  foimdod  are  inatriicted  in  uwfiil  tradux.  In  mimic,  and  in  tlie 
ii'<iial  lirancheN  taught  in  ncIiooIm;  tlie  I  n$t  Hut  ion  for  the  l>r<\f  ami  Ihimh,  cor. 
Kroad  and  I'ine  alcketM  at  Lrdijer  otticu);  the  Praa*ylTMla  HotpIUI  tn  the  Iimm, 
llavci'ford  Koad,  W.  I'liiladolplila  (take  Market  Ht.  carit ;  tIcketM  at  L«<lger  ottice) ; 
the  P^aanjilTaala  Ht«pllal,  nir.  Htli  and  Spruce  St**.,  an  adiiiirahle  inatitution, 
foiinil.d  in  ITAI  ;  the  fipumpal  I/im/ntnl  {'i^lV  S.  h'ront  St.),  wIiomc  hulldinga  ar* 
iiiairnlHeent  apecimeiix  of  the  Norman  Ootliic  atyle  of  architecture ;  the  I'reiton 
h'ftreet,  cor.  Aprlng  (iarden  and  'ioth  Stn. ;  the  Northern  llomej'or  Frienilleu  ('Ml- 
ilren,  cor.  2'M\  and  Hrown  Stn. ;  and  tiie  I'hilnilelphia  Diit/iriiiaru,  127  S.  0th  St., 
the  oideHt  inttitiition'of  tlie  kind  in  .\merica,  having  heeii  cHtahliNhed  in  I7HA. 

Parku  aa4  PaMIr  N^iaarva. — The  great  park  of  I'liiladelphla,  aii<l  one  of  the  largeat 
ill  the  world,  ix  I'alraiaaal  Park,  emliracing  2,740  acrei*.  It  exteiidH  along  hoth  hanka 
of  the  Schuylkill  Itiver  for  more  than  7  m.,  and  along  hoth  hankw  of  WJMiahickon 
Creek  for  more  than  il  m.,  commencing  at  Kairiiioiint,  an  elevation  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill from  which  the  park  derivcH  itH  name,  and  extending  to  Chetitnut  Hill  on  the 
WiMNahickon,  a  total  diHtance  of  neatly  |4  in.  It  poMHeitHeH  miicli  natural  )><  nuty, 
lieing  well  vooded  and  having  a  great  variety  of  Hurface ;  hut  itH  heaiity  ia  that  of 
the  rural  reHort  rather  than  of  the  city  park,  art,  other  than  that  of  landiicape-gar- 
dcniiig,  having  iih  yet  done  little  tor  it.  Tl  \  'iiain  entrance  to  the  iiark  in  at  ita 
lower  end,  and  ia  reached  hy  horHe-cara  from  all  parta  of  the  city.  Juat  inaide,  on 
the  r.  ia  Fairnioiint  Hill,  on  the  aiimmit  of  which  are  the  4  reaervoira  of  tlie  Schuyl- 
kill Water-Worka  which  aiiiiply  the  greater  portion  of  the  city  with  water.  The 
reservoira  cover  an  urea  ot  over  aix  iicren,  have  a  capin-ity  of  nearly  27,000,000 
galla.,  and  are  aurrounded  hy  a  beautiful  graveled  walk,  from  which  may  be  had  a 
tine  view  of  the  city.  The  power  necoasary  for  forcing  the  water  into  the  reaervoira 
is  ohttiined  by  u  dam  (1,(100  ft.  long)  itcroaa  the  Schuylkill ;  and  l>y  meana  of  v.hoeli 
moved  by  the  water,  which  work  foreing-piimpH,  the  water  of  the  river  ia  raiaed  to 
tiiu  top  of  the  "  mount."  The  group  of  hulldinga  containing  the  machinery  lie  Juat 
ill  front  of  the  viaitor  aa  he  entera  tlie  park.  The  groiinda  around  them  contain 
si'veral  foiintaina  and  pieces  of  atatiiary ;  and  N.  of  the  reaervoira  ia  a  amall  flre- 
proof  art  gallery,  containing  among  other  notewortliv  picturea  Rotherinora  "  Uattle 
of  (iettyaifurg,"  Weat'a  "  Chriat  liejocted  by  the  Jewiali  People,"  and  I'auwel'H 
>:reat  allegorical  painting  of  the  "  New  Kepublic."  Beyond  thia  point  ia  an  open 
plaza,  aiirruunded  l>y  Hower-heda  and  ahrubbery,  and  containing  Randolph  Rogera'a 
ioloxaal  bronze  atatuo  of  Abraham  Lincoln;  and  beyond  thia  atill  ia  Lemon  Hill,  on 
the  aiimmit  of  wliicli  is  the  manaiim  (now  used  aa  a  reataurant)  in  which  Roliert 
Morris  lived  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  principal  points  of  interest  in  the 
park,  licaides  those  we  have  mentioned,  are  Sedgeley  Hill,  a  little  above  Lemon 
Hill  on  the  carriage-road  ;  the  Solitude,  a  villa  built  in  1786  by  John  Penn,  grand- 
son of  William  Penn ;  the  Zoological  Garden*,  containing  a  tine  asaortment  of 
American  and  European  animala  (admission  2fic.  for  adults  and  10c.  for  chihlren); 
lleorge'e  Hill,  and  the  Belmont  Mantion  (now  a  restaurant),  from  both  of  which 
there  are  noblo  views ;  Belmont  Glen,  a  pictures<|ue  ravine ;  the  various  bridges 
across  the  Scliuylkill  River;  and  the  romantic  drive  up  the  Wiasnhickon.  (See  also 
"  (centennial  Exposition,"  page  82.)  Park-carriages,  starting  from  the  Fairmount 
entrance,  traverse  the  moat  interesting  portions  of  the  park  (60c.  for  the  round 
trip).     Carriages  may  also  be  hired  for  11.60  per  hour. 

Logan  Square,  18th  St.  between  Race  and  Vine,  contains  7  acres,  neatly  laid 
out  and  beautifully  shaded;  the  Sanitary  Fair  was  held  here  in  June,  1864,  and  the 
great  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  fronts  the  square.  Independence  Square,  in  the 
rear  of  Independence  Hall,  is  inclosed  by  a  solid  brick  wall,  and  contains  some 
iiiajostic  trees.  It  was  within  this  inclosnre  that  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  first  publicly  read,  July  4,  1776.  Washington  Square,  diagonally  opposite  In- 
dependence Square,  is  surrounded  by  a  handsome  iron  railing  with  4  principal  en- 
trances, and  is  admirably  kept.  It  is  celebrated  for  containing  every  (or  nearly* 
every)  tree  that  will  grow  in  this  climate,  whether  indigenous  or  not.  There  is  a 
map  of  the  square  showing  the  position  of  each  tree.  Franklin  Square,  at  6th  and 
Race  Streets,  is  an  attractive  promenade,  with  a  fountain  in  its  centre,  surrounded 


32 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


r    [      ■ 

!i 


by  a  marble  basin,  and  adorned  with  a  great  variety  of  trees.  Rittenhou»e  Square, 
at  18th  and  Walnut  Streets,  is  in  the  aristocratic  quarter  of  the  city,  and  is  bordered 
by  elogant  private  residences. 

MlsctlUnroas  Plarcs  of  Intrrest. — Philadelphia  boasts  of  more  beautiful  cemeteries 
than  any  other  city  in  the  country.  The  principal  one  is  Ijiirrl  Hill,  established 
in  1835,  occupying  a  slope  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  fi(ljoinirig  the  upper 
part  of  Frtirmount  Park ;  it  embraces  nearly  200  acres  and  is  divided  into  North, 
South,  and  CV'ntral  Laurel  Hill.  It  contains  many  fine  monuments ;  but  the  dis- 
tinjtuishinf?  feature  of  the  cemetery  is  its  unique  garden  landscape,  and  the  profusion 
of  beautiful  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowers,  which  adorn  it.  Among  the  former  are  some 
cedars  of  Lebanon,  the  first  which  l)ore  fruit  in  the  United  Stiites.  Admission  every 
day,  except  Sunday,  from  9  o'clock  till  sunset.  Glenwood  (21  acres)  is  prettily 
situated  on  the  ridge  which  divides  the  waters  fiowing  into  the  Delaware  from  those 
flowing  into  the  Schuylkill  (reached  by  Ridge  Ave.  cars).  Monument  Cemetery 
(Broad  St.  opposite  Bei-ks),  Mount  Vernon  (nearly  opi)08ite  Laurel  Hill),  and  Wood- 
lands (Darby  Road,  West  Philadelphia,  reached  by  Darby  cars),  are  all  worth  a 
visit.     The  latter  contains  the  Drexel  mausoleum,  the  finest  in  America. 

The  United'  Stittes  Many-  Yard  is  located  on  the  Delaware  at  the  foot  of  Federal 
St.,  and  incloses  about  12  acres.  It  contains  extensive  workshojjs,  ducks,  and 
arsenals,  barracks  and  artillery-parks,  and  a  sectional  floating-dock,  built  in  1860, 
at  a  cost  of  $1,000,000.  At  one  of  the  docks  is  the  frigate  Constitution  ("  Old  Iron- 
sides "),  the  most  renowned  vessel  of  the  American  Navy.  This  yard  will  be  sold 
as  soon  as  League  Inland  (lying  in  the  Delaware  at  the  foot  of  Broad  St.)  is  ready 
for  occupancy.  League  Island,  a  low  tract  of  land  (600  acres)  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill,  was  presented  by  the  city  to  the  V.  S.  Government  on 
condition  of  its  being  converted  into  a  great  naval  depot.  Comparatively  little 
work  has  yet  been  done  on  it,  but  a  fleet  of  monitors  and  iron-clads  is  usually 
anchored  in  the  "  Back  Channel,"  which  separates  the  island  from  the  mainland. 

Centennial  Exposition  of  1876. — The  Exhibition  Buildings  are  located  in  Fairmount 
Park  at  the  head  of  Girard  Ave.,  which  leads  directly  from  the  heart  of  the  city  to 
the  main  entrance.  The  grounds  set  apart  for  them  embrace  236  acres,  stretching 
8.  E.  from  the  foot  of  George's  Hill  to  the  Scliuylkill  River,  and  are  beautifully  laid 
out.  The  arrangements  for  conveying  visitors'  to  an  1  from  the  grounds  are  very 
complete.  The  Pennsylvania  and  Reading  Railroads  each  have  an  immense  depot 
directly  adjoining  the  grounds ;  and  as  the  tracks  of  these  roads  connect  with  every 
other  line  entering  Philadelphia,  visitors  arriving  by  rail,  from  whatever  quarter, 
are  landed  at  the  gates  without  change  of  cars.  All  the  leading  lines  of  horse-cars 
have  termini  at  the  entrance  and  afford  an  easy  means  of  access  from  all  pomts 
within  the  city.  Besides  the  regular  carriages,  the  Exhibition  Transfer  Co.  '.  ave 
light  and  elegant  wagonettes,  seating  10  passengers,  which  run  between  the  depots 
and  various  points  in  the  city  and  the  Exhibition  gronmls  ^fare  50  c).  In  addition 
to  these  a  line  of  steamboats  runs  from  the  water-works  at  Fairmount  to  Belmont 
landing,  affording  a  pleasant  route  to  the  Exhibition.  Witiiin  the  grounds,  a  nar- 
row-gauge dummy-railroad  makes  the  circuit  of  the  buildings,  and  carries  visitors 
from  one  to  the  other  (fare  6  c). 

The  first  of  the  buildings  reached  in  coming  from  the  city  is  the  Main  Exhibition 
Building;  but  the  only  point  from  wliich  to  obtain  a  comprehensive  view  of  them 
all  is  from  the  summit  of  George's  Hill,  on  the  W.  margin  of  the  grounds,  the  point 
of  view  taken  in  the  accompanying  picture.  The  Main  Building  and  Machinery 
Hall  are  in  a  line  forming  tiie  soutiiern  boundary;  the  others  are  dotted  somewhat 
irregularly  over  the  grounds,  and  present  a  very  agreeable  diversity  of  lines  and 
angles.  The  central  point  is  near  the  S.  E.  end  of  the  U,  S.  Government  Building, 
and  here  the  principal  walks  intersect. 

The  Main  Building  (in  which  are  displayed  the  departments  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgy,  Manufactures,  and  Education  and  Science)  is  an  immense  parallelogram 
1,876  ft.  long  and  464  ft.  wide,  covering  an  area  of  neaily  21J  acres.  The  larger 
portion  is  one  story  high,  the  interior  height  being  70  ft.,  and  the  cornice  on  the 
outside  4d  ft.  from  the  ground.     Towers,  75  ft.  high,  rise  at  each  corner  of  the 


^^3B 


enhoute  Square, 
and  is  bordered 

itiful  cemeteries 
HIM,  established 
)iiii?iK  the  upper 
(led  into  Nortii, 
ta ;  but  tlie  dis- 
nd  the  profusion 
former  are  some 
iVdmission  every 
icres)  is  prettily 
iware  from  those 
nment  Cemetery 
Hill),  and  Wood- 
are  all  worth  a 
erica. 

e  foot  of  Federal 
lops,  docks,  and 
ek,  built  in  1860, 
ition  ("  Old  Iron- 
yard  will  be  sold 
•oad  St.)  is  ready 
;be  confluence  of 
i.  Government  on 
[iiparatively  little 
ii-clads  is  usually 
the  mainland. 
;ed  in  Fairniount 
eart  of  the  city  to 
)  acres,  stretching 
re  beautifully  laid 
grounds  are  very 
an  immense  depot 
Dnnect  with  every 
whatever  quarter, 
lines  of  horse-cars 
ess  from  all  po'uts 
Transfer  Co.  '  ave 
etween  the  depots 
•  c).  In  addition 
mount  to  Belmont 
he  grounds,  a  nar- 
ind  carries  visitors 

e  Main  Exhibition 
sive  view  of  them 
grounds,  the  point 
ig  and  Machinery 
dotted  somewhat 
ersity  of  lines  and 
ernment  Building, 

its  of  Mining  and 
ense  parallelogram 
acres.  The  larger 
the  cornice  on  the 
ach  corner  of  the 


PHILADELPHIA. 


83 


Imilding;  and  in  the  centre  tiie  roof  for  a  space  184  ft.  square  is  raised  above  the 
surrounding  pbrtion,  and  4  towers  48  ft.  square,  rising  to  a  height  of  120  ft.,  are 
introduced  into  the  comers  of  this  elevated  roof.  At  the  centre  of  the  longer  sidea 
tire  projections  41(i  ft.  in  length,  and  at  the  ends  projections  ?,16  ft.  in  length.  In 
tiu'se  are  locate<l  the  main  entrances,  which  are  provided  with  arcades  upon  the 


Ma«n  Kxhlhitlon  Butldlng. 

ground  floor,  and  central  facades  90  ft.  high.  The  E.  entrance  is  the  principal 
approach  for  carriages,  visitors  alighting  under  cover  of  the  arcade.  The  S.  entrance 
is  the  principal  approach  from  railway-cars.  The  W.  entrance  opens  upon  the  main 
piissage-way  to  Machinery  and  Agricultural  Halls;  and  the  N.  entrance  to  Memorial 
Hall  (Art  Gallery).  There  are  namerous  aide  entrances,  each  surmounted  with  a 
trophy  showing  the  national  colors  of  the  country  occupying  that  portion  of  the 
building.  The  ground  plan  of  the  building  shows  a  central  avenue,  1,832  tt.  long 
lind  120  ft.  wide.  On  either  side  of  this  is  another  avenue  of  equai  length  and  100  ft. 
wide.  Between  the  central  and  side  avenues  are  aisles  48  ft.  wide,  and  on  the  outer 
sides  of  the  building  smaller  aisles  of  24  ft.  width.  Three  transepts  414  ft.  long 
criss  the  building,  and  at  their  intersection  with  the  longitudinal  avenues  make  9 
spaces,  free  from  supports,  which  are  from  100  to  120  ft.  s(]uare.  The  materials 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  building  are  iron  (of  which  nearly  8,000,000  lbs. 
were  (tquired),  glass,  and  whhI;  and  the  interior  walls  and  roof  are  tastefully 
decorated. 

Machinery  Hall  is  located  about  560  ft.  W.  of  the  Main  Building,  and  as  its 
nortli  front  is  upon  the  same  line  it  is  practically  a  continuation  of  that  edifice. 
The  building  consists  of  a  main  hall  1,402  ft.  lor  and  860  ft.  i^'de,  with  an  annex 
on  the  S.  side  208  by  210  ft.  The  entire  area  covered  is  about  14  acres.  The 
j^reater  portion  of  the  building  is  one  story  high,  the  main  cornice  on  the  outside 
lieing  40  ft.  from  the  ground,  and  the  interior  height  to  the  top  of  the  ventilators  in 
the  avenues  70  ft.  and  in  tue  aisles  40  ft.  There  are  projections  on  each  of  the  4 
sides,  and  the  main  entrances  are  flnished  with  fumades  78  ft.  high.  The  E.  entrance 
is  til)  main  approach  from  the  railways  and  from  the  Main  Building.  Along  the  S. 
side  are  the  boiler-houses  and  other  buildings  for  special  kinds  of  machinery.  The 
}?round-plan  of  the  Hall  shows  2  main  avenues  90  ft.  wide  with  a  central  aisle 
between  and  an  aisle  on  either  side,  these  being  60  ft.  wide.  Each  of  these  avenues 
and  aisles  is  1,360  ft.  long.  At  the  centre  of  the  building  is  a  transept  90  ft.  wide, 
wiiich  at  the  S.  end  is  prolonged  i08  ft.  beyond  the  building,  forming  an  annex  con- 
taining hydraulic  machinery.  In  the  centre  of  ii  is  a  tank  160  by  60  ft.,  with  10 
ft.  depth  of  water,  and  at  the  S.  end  of  the  tank  is  a  waterfall  36  ft.  high  and  40 
ft.  wide  supplied  by  the  pumps  on  exhibition.  Where  the  transept  crosses  the  cen- 
tral avenue  is  the  great  Corliss  engine  (1,400  horse-oower)  which  drives  the  main 
shafting. 

The  Memorial  Hall  (Art  Gallery)  was  erected  by  the  State  and  city  at  a  cost 
of  $1,600,000,  and  is  the  most  imposing  and  ornate  of  all  the  Exhibition  buildings. 
It  stands  on  an  elevated  terrace  a  short  uistauce  N.  of  the  main  building,  and,  as  it 
is  to  be  permanent,  is  constructed  throughout  of  stone,  brick,  and  iron.  It  is  in  the 
modern  Kenaissance  style,  866  ft.  long  and  210  ft.  wide,  and  surmounted  by  a  dome 


"iSSEE^SS 


:).'e(fe^S9fewWf*;j"UW' 


:sss^snssass 


34 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   CITIES. 


I 


(of  jflnss  and  iron)  180  ft.  high,  at  the  top  of  which  is  a  colossal  ball  from  which 
rises  the  figure  of  Columbia.  At  eacli  comer  of  the  base  of  the  dome  is  a  colossal 
figure  representing  the  4  quarters  of  the  globe ;  while  over  the  corners  of  the  4  cor- 
rer-pavilions  are  colossal  cast-iron  eagles  with  wings  outstretched.  The  friez* 
b round  the  entire  building  is  richly  ornamented.  The  main  entrance  is  on  the  S. 
front  and  consists  of  three  enormous  arched  doorways,  each  40  ft.  high  and  18  tY. 

wide,  opening 
into  a  hall. 
Between  the 
arches  of  the 
doorways  are 
clusters  of  col- 
umns tormina- 
ting  in  em- 
blematic de- 
signs illustra- 
tive of  Science 
and  Art.  The 
doors  are  of 
iron,  relieved 
l)y  bronze  pan- 
els, displaying 
the  coats  of 
arms  of  all 
the  States  and 
Territories. 
On  each  front 
of  the  building 
These,  in  turn, 


Heninrial  Uall  (Art  Building). 


the  entrances  open  into  halls  82  ft.  long,  60  ft.  wide,  and  58  ft.  high, 
open  into  the  centre  hall,  which  is  83  ft.  square  and  80  (t.  high.  From  the  £.  and 
W.  sides  of  this  centre  hall  extend  the  galleries,  each  98  ft.  long,  48  ft.  wide,  and  86 
ft.  high.  From  the  galleries  doors  open  into  two  smaller  galleries,  89  ft,  long  and 
28  ft.  wide.  These  open  N.  and  S.  into  private  apartments  connecting  with  the 
pavilion-rooms,  and  forming  two  side  galleries  210  ft.  long.  There  are  also  a 
number  of  smaller  rooms,  designed  for  studios,  etc.  In  each  pavilion  is  a  window 
12^  ft.  by  34  ft.  in  which  is  a  display  of  stained  glass  and  glass  paintings.  This 
fine  building  gives  76.000  sq.  ft.  of  wall-spuce  for  pictures,  and  20,000  sq.  ft.  of 
floor-space  for  statues,  etc. ;  but  even  this  proved  insutficient,  and  a  large  brick 
building  is  connected  with  it  on  the  rear. 

The  Horticultural  Jiuilding,  also  permanent,  stands  a  short  distance  N.  of  Me- 
morial Hall,  and  is  383  ft.  long,  193  ft.  wide,  and  72  ft.  high  to  the  top  of  the  lantern. 
It  is  in  the  "tresciue  style  of  architecture,  the  chief  material  being  iron  and  glass, 
supported  L^  fine  marble  and  brickwork.  The  decorations  (polychrome  frescoes 
and  arabe8(]ues  in  the  Moorish  style)  are  charming;  and  in  its  grace  of  contour  and 
warmth  of  color  it  atfords  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  severe  lines  and  sober  hue  of  the 
Art  Hnll.  The  mairi  floor  is  occupied  by  the  central  conservatorj',  which  is  flanked 
on  the  N.  and  S.  mdes  by  4  forcing-houses  for  the  propagation  of  young  plants,  cov- 
ered by  curved  roofs  of  iron  and  glass,  which  are  a  fine  feature  of  the  exterior  of 
the  building.  The  E.  and  W.  entrances  are  ai>proached  by  flights  of  blue  marble 
steps,  from  terraces,  in  tiie  centre  of  each  of  which  is  a  small,  open  kiosque.  Sur- 
roundin.f  the  building  are  35  acres  of  ground  devoted  to  horticultural  purposes. 

Agricultural  Hall  stands  N.  of  tlie  Horticultural  Building,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  a  romintic  ravine  crossed  by  a  bridge.  It  consists  of  a  nave  820  ft.  long, 
crossed  at  right  angles  by  three  transepts,  each  540  ft.  long.  The  framework  of 
nave  and  transepts  is  a  succession  of  slight  and  extremely  pointed  Gothic  arches  of 
wood.  The  interior  resembles  that  of  an  immense  Gothic  cathedral,  and  in  looking 
from  transept  to  transept  the  view  is  very  imposing. 

Of  the  miiibellaneous  buildings  the  most  noticeable  is  the  Wometi^g  Pavilion, 


II  from  which 
e  is  a  colossal 
8  of  the  4  cor- 
Tlie  friez* 
c  is  on  the  S. 
igh  and  18  ft. 
wide,  opening 
into    a    hall. 
Between    the 
arches  of  the 
doorways  are 
clusters  of  col- 
umns termina- 
ting   in    em- 
blomntio     de- 
signs illustra- 
tive of  Science 
and  Art.    The 
doors    are    of 
iron,    relieved 
liy  bronze  pan- 
els, displaying 
tlie    coats    of 
arms    of     all 
the  States  and 
Territories. 
On  each  front 
of  the  building 
These,  in  turn, 
om  the  E.  and 
wide,  and  85 
89  tt.  long  and 
sting  with  the 
ere  are  also  a 
n  is  a  window 
aintings.     This 
>,000  8q.  ft.  of 
I  a  large  brick 

mce  N.  of  Me- 
of  the  lantern, 
iron  and  glass, 
hrome  frescoes 
of  contour  and 
ober  Ime  of  the 
hicli  is  flanked 
ng  plants,  cov- 
:he  exterior  of 
)f  blue  marble 
kiosque.  Sur- 
I  purposes, 
ivhich  it  is  sep- 
ve  820  ft.  long, 
framework  of 
>thic  arches  of 
and  in  looking 

n«»'«  Pmilion, 


BALTIVORB. 


8ft 


which  faces  Belmont  Ave.  N.  of  Machinery  Hall.  It  is  of  wood,  and  consists  of  two 
nnves  (each  192  ft.  long  and  04  ft.  wide)  intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles.  In 
it  is  exhibited  '*  everything  women  make  that  is  worth  showing."  W.  of  this  is  the 
If.  S.  Government  Building,  a  cruciform  wooden  structure  with  a  glass  dom6.  The 
portions  occupied  by  the  different  departments  are  indicated  by  the  decorations  on 
tlie  adjacent  walls.  Near  the  main  entrance  on  Elm  Ave.  is  the  Jury  Pavilion,  an 
ornate  two-story  structure,  which  contains,  besides  numerous  small  chambers  for 
tlie  use  of  the  International  Juries,  a  spacious  hall  suitable  for  receptions,  banquets, 
etc.  In  addition  to  all  these,  numerous  special  buildings  have  been  erected  by  the 
various  States,  by  foreign  nations,  and  by  private  enterprise.  There  are  6  large 
rostuurants  within  the  inclosure,  besides  from  2  to  4  bufl'ets  in  each  of  the  Exhibi- 
tion buildings.  The  grounds  are  adorned  with  a  number  of  fountains  and  statues, 
and  contain  7  m.  of  roads  and  foot-paths,  and  quite  a  number  of  bridges,  summer- 
liuuses,  etc.  

PHnJLDBLPHXA   TO   BALTIMORB. 

( r<a  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  ft  Baltimore  R.  R.   DIf  tance,  S8  m.    Time,  9)4  to  6  hn.    Fare,  tS.a5.) 

The  country  traversed  on  this  route  has  few  scenic  attractions,  though  the  numer- 
ous highly-cultivated  fannsteads  and  clustering  towne  indicate  a  populous  and  long- 
Hettled  region.  Chester  (14  m.)  is  the  oldest  town  in  Pennsylvania,  having  been  set- 
tled by  the  Swedes  in  1643);  and  4  m.  beyond  it  is  the  Brandywine,  famous  for  the 
battle  fought  on  its  banks  in  September,  1777.  WHataigtM  (28  m.)  is  the  chief  city 
of  the  State  of  Delaware.  It  has  80,841  inhabitants,  and  its  manufacturing  interests 
are  very  extensive  and  various,  embracing  ship-building,  car-manufactoriefi,  cotton 
and  woolen  factories,  flour-mills,  powder-mills,  and  shoe  and  leather  factories. 
There  is  a  restaurant  in  the  depot,  and  the  trains  usually  stop  from  6  to  10  minutes. 
Newark  (40  m.)  is  the  seat  of  Delaware  College ;  and  4  m.  beyond  it  the  train  crosses 
the  celebrated  Maeon  and  Dixmi't  line,  long  the  boundary  between  the  Northern  and 
Southern  States.  At  Havre  de  Oraee  (62  m.)  the  Susquehanna  River  is  crossed  on 
11  lofty  wooden  bridge  nearly  a  mile  long.  In  entering  Baltimore  a  view  of  the 
Patiipsco  River  and  Fort  McHenry  may  be  obtained  from  the  car-window  on  the  1. 


BALTIMORB. 

BALTIMORE,  the  chief  city  of  Maryland,  and  in  population  and  commerce  one 
of  the  most  important  in  the  United  States,  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the 
X.  branch  of  the  Patapsco  River,  14  m.  from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay, 
and  about  200  m.  from  the  Atlantic.  It  embraces  an  area  of  about  12  sq.  m.,  nearly 
half  of  which  is  thickly  built  upon.  Jones's  Falls,  a  small  stream  running  N.  and  S., 
sjianned  by  numerous  bridges,  divides  the  city  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  known  a» 
East  and  West  Baltimore.  The  harbor  is  capacious  and  safe,  consisting  of  an  inner 
bnsin  into  which  vessels  of  considerable  burden  can  enter,  and  an  outer  harbor  acces- 
sible to  the  largest  ships.  The  entrance  is  defended  by  Fort  McHenry,  which  wa» 
unsucccBsfnlly  bombarded  by  the  British  fleet  in  the  War  of  1812. 

The  present  site  of  Baltimore  was  chosen  in  1720,  and  its  name  was  given  it  (in 
1745)  in  honor  of  Lord  Baltimore,  the  proprietary  of  Maryland.  In  1780  it  became 
a  port  of  entry.  In  1782  the  first  pavements  were  laid  in  Baltimore  St.,  and  in  the 
name  year  the  first  regular  communication  with  Philadelphia  was  established  through 
n  line  of  stage-coaches.  The  charter  of  the  city  dates  from  1797.  The  population,, 
which  at  that  time  was  26,000,  had  increased  by  1850  to  neariy  200,000 ;  in  1860  it 
was  212,418,  aiid  ir  1870,  267,854.  The  commerce  of  the  city  is  very  active.  Two 
lines  of  European  steamers  now  start  from  her  harbor;  and  through  her  two  great 
arteries  of  traffic  (the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  the  Northern  Central  Railroads)  she  is 
successfully  competing  for  the  trade  of  the  North  and  Northwest.  Largo  shipments 
of  grain  are  made  to  Europe,  and  tobacco,  cotton,  petroleum,  bacon,  butter,  cheese, 
and  lard,  are  also  exported.  Baltimore  is  the  chief  point  for  working  the  rich  copper- 
ores  of  \ji\Q  Superior,  and  produces  nearly  4,000  tons  of  refined  copper  yearly  ;  the 


■■JBLUgJUUi 


36 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


8melting-work8  are  in  Canton,  and  employ  1,000  men.    There  are  also  iron-works, 
roUing-millH,  nall-fucturies,  locomutive-works,  cotton-factories,  and  other  industrial 


Baltimore. 


establishments  (2,261  in  all).  The  canning  of  oysters,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  is  es- 
timated to  roach  the  annual  value  of  $5,000,000 ;  and  500,000  hides  are  annually 
made  into  leather  and  sent  to  New  England. 

Hateb,  Restiiraats,  aid  Claks. — The  GarroUtan  Jlouse,  cor.  Baltimore  and  Light 
Sts.,  is  a  new  and  handsome  hotel  (f4  a  day).  Barnum's  Hotel,  cor.  Calvert  and 
Fayette  Sts.,  is  tlie  largest  in  the  city  ($4  a  day):  The  Eutaw  House,  oor.  Baltimore 
and  Eutaw  Sts..  is  a  long-established  house  recently  refitted  ($3.50  a  day).  The  St. 
Clair,  on  Monument  Square,  has  acconDUodations  for  300  guests;  and  the  Maltby 
House  ($3  a  day),  in  Pratt  St.  near  Light,  ap''  the  Howard  House  ($2  a  day),  in 
Howard  St.  near  Baltimore,  are  good  houses.  The  Mount  Vernon  Hotel,  in  Monu- 
ment St.  near  Mount  Vernon  Place,  is  a  small  but  elegant  house  on  the  European 
plan.  'Jut/'s,  on  Monument  Square,  is  also  on  the  European  plan,  and  has  a  good 
restaurant  attached. 

Of  the  restaurants,  Ihitehfr-s,  in  Baltimore  St.  above  Calvert,  is  principally 
visited  by  ladies,  as  is  also  tiie  case  with  Rennerfs,  near  Monument  Square.  Pep- 
per's, 124  W.  Baltimore  St.,  and  Wilson's,  cor.  Baltimore  and  North,  are  well 
patronized.  The  leading  city  clubs  are  the  Union,  Charles  St.  cor.  Franklin;  the 
Marylaud  Club,  cor.  Catiiedral  and  Frnnklin  Sts. ;  the  Alhton  (musical  and  artistic), 
59  Franklin  St. ;  and  the  Cermania  (German),  705  Lombard  St. 

BallfMUl  Dfp«rts. — The  passenger  depot  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.,  in  Camden 
St.  between  Eutaw  and  Howard,  is  one  of  the  finest  structures  of  the  kind  on  the 
continent.  The  depot  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  R.  R.  is  in 
President  St.,  and  that  of  the  Northern  Central  R.  R.  in  Calvert  St. 

Nades  of  CMTeyaitVi — Eleven  lines  of  horse-cars  aflbrd  easy  access  to  all  parts  of 
the  city  (fare  7  c).  Passengers  can  pass  from  one  route  to  another  by  means  of 
exchange-tickets  furnished  by  the  conductor  on  application.  Public  carriages  wait 
at  the  depots  and  at  stands  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  Tariffs  of  fares  are  placed 
inside  the  carriages ;  in  case  of  disagreement  with  the  driver,  apply  to  a  policeman. 
The  rates  are,  for  carrying  1  passenger  from  any  railroad  station  or  steamboat  to 
any  house  or  hotel  in  the  city,  75  c. ;  each  additional  passenger,  25  c. ;  each  bundle 
or  box,  15  c.     For  1  honr  |1.60,  and  iH  for  each  additional  hour.    Children  over  10 


^JI«!iitJ^Jjl.^^J.ytjU.|;ll.ll^^^^^^ 


BALTIMORE. 


87 


so  iron-works, 
her  induBtriftl 


egetables,  is  ea- 
es  are  annually 

lore  and  Light 
or.  Calvert  and 
cor.  Baltimore 
iday).  The  St. 
and  the  Malthy 
!  ($2  a  day),  in 
Hotel,  in  Monu- 
n  the  European 
and  has  a  good 

t,  is  principally 
t  Square.  Pep- 
lorth,  are  well 
'.  Franklin ;  the 
cal  and  artistic), 

.  i?.,  in  Camden 
lie  kind  on  the 
more  R.  R.  is  in 

I  to  all  parts  of 
ler  by  means  of 
B  carriages  wait 
fares  are  placed 
to  a  policeman, 
or  steamboat  to 
c. ;  each  bundle 
;ihildren  over  10 


Imlf  price.  Stagen  run  daily  to  Long  Green  and  Hiirford  Road,  to  Franklin  and 
Powhatan,  and  to  Pikeftville;  to  Bellair  three  time:*  a  week  (Tuesday,  Tlnnnday,  and 
Satnrdfly);  and  to  Kingsviile,  Kollville,  and  Frank linville,  on  MondiiyH,  AVcdnesdays, 
and  Fridays. 

'  StrMts  and  Drtvr?. — Hal ti more  St.  U  tlie  main  business  thorouglifare  of  the  olty, 
und  on  it  are  located  the  principal  retail  stores,  hotels,  resitaurMnts,  I'tc.  North 
dharlen  St.  is  the  most  attractive  and  I'asliionnble  promenade,  though  Mount  Vernon 
flare,  the  vicinity  of  the  Monument,  and  Jiroitdmay,  are  also  frequented.  The 
favorite  drives  are  through  Druid  Hill  I'lirk,  out  Charles  8t.  to  Lalco  Uoland  (6  m.), 
on  the  old  York  Road  to  tiovanstown  (4  m.),  and  over  a  well-shaded,  well-paved 
turnpike  to  Franklin  (5  m.). 

PaMIe  and  Fromlnrnt  RnlldlngH. — The  Exrhangr,  in  (iay  8t.  between  2d  and  Lombard, 
is  a  large  and  elegant  structure,  with  a  fH(,'ade  of  24()  ft.  It  has  colonnades  of  six 
Ionic  columns  on  the  E.  and  \V.  sides,  the  shafts  of  which  are  single  blocks  of  fine 
Italian  marble,  of  admiral)le  workmanship.  The  whole  is  surmounted  by  an  im- 
mense dome,  115  ft.  high  and  53  ft.  in  diameter,  which  is  brilliantly  frescoed  and 
overarches  a  spacious  rotunda.  The  Post-(  )tHce,  the  V.  S.  Custom-House,  and  the 
Merchants'  Bank  are  all  located  in  this  building;  which  also  contains  a  tine  Reading- 
Room  50  ft.  sipiare.  The  new  (ity  Hall,  completed  in  1875,  is  one  of  the  finest  mn- 
nicipal  buildings  in  the  country.  Tt  fills  the  entire  8f;uare  inclosed  by  lloUiday, 
Lexington,  North,  and  Fayette  Sts.,  is  225  by  140  ft.,  and  cost  nearly  ^3,000,000. 
The  ma:erial  used  in  .ts  construction  is  white  marble;  the  architecture  is  of  a 
mixed  Renaissance  and  Composite  order;  and  a  tower  and  dome  222  ft.  high  sur- 
mount the  building.  The  new  V.  S,  (!ourt-Hou$e,  cor.  North  and  Fayette  Sts., 
is  a  massive  granite  structure.  The  Coiirt-IIou»e,  cor.  Monument  Square  and  Lex- 
ington St.,  is  a  commodious  huilding  of  niarhle  and  brick,  ornamented  with  white- 
iiiarblc  pilasters  in  the  Ionic  style,  and  surmounted  by  a  cupola  of  imposing  appear- 
ance. The  City  Prinon,  or  "Jail,"  in  Madison  St.  E.  of  Jones's  Falls,  is  a  substan- 
tial structure  of  hammered  stone,  404  ft.  long.  The  Penitentinri/,  adjoining  the 
•fail  on  the  S.  E.,  consists  of  three  large  brick  buildings,  occupying  nearly  4  acres, 
and  surrounded  by  a  stone  wall  20  ft.  high.  The  (Jom  ami  Flour  Exchange,  in 
South  St.  cor.  Wood,  is  a  handsome  and  solid  building ;  and  the  Rialto  Building, 
cor.  2d  and  Holiday  Sts.,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Renaissance  architecture.  The  MasMlt 
Temple,  in  Charles  St.  near  Saratoga,  is  a  stately  edifice  completed  in  1870  at  a  cost 
fif  $400,000.    The  main  hall  is  used  for  concerts  and  lectures. 

Theatres  and  Places  of  Annsenent. — Ford's  Grand  Opera-House,  Fayette  St.  near 
Eiitaw,  is  a  large  building,  (dain  in  exterior  but  elegantly  fitted  up,  and  capable  of 
accommodating  2,500  jtersons.  The  Aendemy  of  Music,  in  Howard  St.,  seats  1,500 
persons.  The  Front  Street  Theatre,  Front  St.  near  Gay,  is  devoted  to  varieties  and 
spectacles.  At  the  Concordia  Opera-House,  cor.  Eutaw  and  (ierman  Sts.,  (lerman 
opera  and  drama  are  usually  given.  Concerts  and  lectures  are  given  in  the  Hall  of 
the  Masonic  Temple,  at  the  Peahody  Institute  (Mount  Vernon  Place),  in  the  hall  of 
the  Maryland  Institute,  and  at  the  Kew  Assembly  Rooms,  cor.  Hanover  and  Lom- 
tiard  Sts.  The  race-course  of  the  Maryland  Jockey  Club  is  at  I'imlico,  2  m,  from 
the  N.  W .  boundary  of  the  city. 

Libraries,  Art-Galleries,  etf. — The  Baltimore  Atbeacim,  cor.  Saratoga  and  St.  Paul  Sts., 
is  of  the  Italian  style  of  architecture ;  it  contains  the  Mercantile  Librury  (26,000  vol- 
umes: open  from  10  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.),  the  Baltimore  Library  (15,(100  viilumes),  and 
the  collections  of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society,  comprising  a  library  of  10,000  vol- 
umes, numerous  historical  relics,  and  some  fine  pictures  and  statuary.  In  the  pict- 
ure-gallery are  held  annual  exhibitions  of  American  paintings.  The  largest  library 
in  the  city  is  that  of  the  Pealiody  lastitate  (cor.  Charles  and  Monument  Sts.) ;  it  con- 
tains 56,000  volumes,  and  is  free  to  all.  There  is  a  library  of  22,000  volumes  in 
Odd- Fellows'  Hall,  in  Gay  St.,  and  the  Maryland  Institute  pi.'ssesses  a  good  library 
mid  reading-room.  The  Aea/Jemy  of  Sciences,  in  Mulberry  St.  opposite  Cathedral 
St.,  has  on  exhibition  a  fine  museum  of  natural  history,  including  rich  collections  of 
liirds  and  minerals,  and  a  complete  representation  of  the  fanna  and  flora  of  Mary- 
land. 


38 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


An  Aeademy  of  Art,  in  connection  with  ttie  Peabody  Institute,  is  in  process  of 
organization.  Good  pictures  bj  American  and  French  artists  are  usually  on  exhibi- 
tion at  the  sales-galleries  of  Myers  di  Hedian,  46  N.  Charles  St.,  and  of  Butler  & 
Perigo,  cor.  Charles  and  Fayette  Bta.  The  private  gallery  of  Mr.  W.  T.  Walters, 
No.  00  Mount  Vernon  Place,  is  one  of  the  richest  in  the  United  States.  Admission 
may  be  obtained  by  sending  a  letter,  inclosing  card,  to  the  owner. 

Charehw. — The  most  imposing  church  edifice  in  the  city  is  the  CatkaHc  CathcinL 
cor.  Cathedral  and  Mulberry  Sts.  It  is  built  of  granite,  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  ana 
is  190  ft.  long,  177  broad  at  the  arms  of  the  cross,  and  127  high  froi^.  the  f^oor  to, 
the  top  of  the  cross  which  surmounts  the  dome.  At  the  W.  end  rise  two  tall 
towers,  crowned  with  Saracenic  cupolas,  resembling  the  minarets  of  a  Mohamme- 
dan mosque.  It  contains  one  of  the  largest  organs  in  America,  and  two  excellent 
Eaintings:  "The  Descent  from  the  Cross,"  presented  by  Louis  XVI.,  and  "St. 
ouis  burying  his  Officers  and  Soldiers  slain  before  Tunis,"  the  gift  of  Charles  X. 
of  France.  The  Roman  Catholic  churches  of  Si.  Alphonmt  (cor.  Saratoga  and 
Park  Sts.),  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul  (in  N.  Front  St.),  and  of  St.  Ignativt  Loyola, 
are  rich  in  architecture  and  decorations.  Oraee  Church  (Epiacopal),  cor.  Monument 
and  Park  Sts.,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Oothio  architecture,  in  red  sandstone.  Close 
by,  at  the  cor.  of  Reed  und  Cathedral  Sts.,  is  Emanuel  Church  (Episcopal),  also 
Ootbio,  built  of  gray  sandstone.  Chritt  Church  (Episcopal)  is  a  new  ana  elegant 
marble  structure,  cor.  St.  Paul  and  Chase  Sts.  St.  Paul's  (Episcopal),  cor.  Charles 
and  Saratoga  Sts.,  is  a  pleasing  example  of  the  Norman  style ;  this  is  the  Bishop's 
ohnrch.  Other  handsome  Episcopal  churches  are  St.  Pet&r'i,  of  marble,  cor.  Druid 
Hill  Ave.  and  Lanvale  St. ;  and  St.  Luke't  (Ritualistic),  near  Franklin  Square.  The 
Unt  PiMbyterlM,  cor.  Madison  and  Park  Sts.,  is  the  most  elaborate  specimen  of  the 
"  Lancot  Gothic  "  style  of  architecture  in  the  country.  The  tower  is  to  be  268  ft. 
high  ;  and  the  interior  is  richly  ornamented.  The  ViUariu  Chirciii  cor.  N.  Charles 
and  Franklin  Sts.,  is  a  handsome  structure.  In  front  is  a  colonnade  consisting  of 
4  Tuscan  columns  and  2  pilasters,  which  form  the  arcades.  From  the  portico,  the 
entrance  is  by  bronze  doors,  3  conducting  to  the  body  of  the  building,  and  2  to  the 
galleries.  The  Charles  Strtet  MtHMM  Chirch,  cor.  Charles  and  Monument  Sts.,  is  of 
green  serpentine  stone,  with  outside  facings  of  buff  Ohio  and  red  Connecticut  sand- 
stone. The  front  is  ornamented  with  18  polishe'd  shafts  of  Aberdeen  granite.  The 
main  tower  is  167  ft.  high;  the  side  towers  110  ft.  each.  The  BaptUt  Church,  cor. 
Dolphin  and  Eutaw  Sts.,  is  noted  for  its  beautifully  proportioned  marble  spire  186 
ft.  high.     The  Synagogue,  Loyd  St.  near  Baltimore  St.,  is  large  and  imposing. 

Edamtlaul  aid  Charitable  IntttirtlaH.— The  Medical  Department  of  the  "Univer- 
sity  of  Maryland  "  occupies  a  massive  building  cor.  Green  and  Lombard  Sts.  It  was 
founded  in  1812.  and  is  one  of  the  most  famous  schools  of  the  kind  in  the  country. 
The  "  Washington  University  "  waa  established  in  1828,  but  has  never  been  very 
flourishing,  and  its  Medical  School,  which  in  1871  had  9  instructors  and  170  stu- 
dents, is  the  only  department  ever  organized.  The  College  of  Loyola  (Jesuit),  cor. 
Madison  and  Calvert  Sts.,  is  a  flonrlMhing  institution.  St.  Mary's  College  (Roman 
Catholic),  cor.  Franlclin  and  Greene  Sts.,  was  founded  in  1791,  and  prospered  for 
many  years,  but  is  now  somewhat  decayed.  The  Baltimore  Female  College  (Meth- 
odist) in  its  course  of  study  and  power  of  conferring  degrees  is  similar  to  the  col- 
legi-s  for  male  students.  The  PeabMir  lutttite,  n  massive  white-marble  building 
cor.  Charles  and  Monument  Sts.,  was  founded  by  George  Peabody,  the  eminent 
London  banker ;  it  is  designed  for  literary  and  scientific  purposes,  and  contains  a 
fine  library,  to  which  a  fine-arts  gallery  is  to  be  added.  The  MarylMd  IwUtite)  oor. 
Baltimore  and  Harrison  Sts.,  is  designed  for  the  "  promotion  of  the  mechanic  arts." 
It  is  a  large  structure,  866  ft.  long  by  60  wide.  The  first  floor  is  used  as  a  market, 
and  in  the  main  hall,  which  is  260  ft.  long,  is  held  an  annual  exhibition  of  the  prod- 
ucts of  American  mechanical  industry.  It  also  contains  a  library  (14,000  volumes), 
lecture-rooms,  a  school  of  design,  a  chemical  school,  etc.  The  Johns  Mopkins 
University,  one  of  the  most  liberall.,  endowed  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
Stales,  is  not  yet  organized.  It  was  founded  by  the  late  Johns  Hopkins,  a  wealthy 
oitizen,  who  bequeathed  nearly  all  his  immense  property  to  educational  and  benevo- 
lent objects.  .._.., 


-^m^mmmi^sm;:. 


m 


In  process  of 
lly  on  exhibi- 
of  Butler  & 
V.  T.  Walters, 
Admission 

thane  CathcftaL 

)f  a  cross,  ana 
the  floor  to. 
rise  two  tall 
a  Mohamme- 
two  excellent 
VI.,  and  "St. 
of  Charles  X. 
Saratoga  and 
nativi  Loyola, 
lor.  Monument 
dstone.    Glose 
Episcopal),  also 
w  ana  elegant 
1),  cor.  Charles 
is  the  Bishop's 
ble,  cor.  Druid 
I  Square.    The 
)ecimen  of  the 
is  to  be  268  ft. 
cor.  N.  Charles 
a  consisting  of 
the  portico,  the 
ig,  and  2  to  the 
kient  Sts.,  is  of 
mnectiout  sand- 
n  granite.    The 
iit  Churehy  cor. 
narble  spire  186 
imposing. 
)f  tiie  "Univer- 
ard  8t8.    It  was 
in  the  country, 
lever  been  very 
ors  and  170  stu- 
\la  (Jesuit),  cor. 
College  (Roman 
d  prospered  for 
'e  College  (Meth- 
milar  to  the  col- 
marble  building 
Jy,  the  eminent 
,  and  contains  a 
ud  iMtltate,  cor. 
I  mechanic  arts." 
led  as  a  market, 
tion  of  the  prod- 
14,000  volumes), 
I  Johm  Bophin* 
nd  in  the  United 
pkins,  a  wealthy 
onal  and  benevo- 


BALTIMORS. 


M 


The  more  nrominent  charitable  institutions  are  the  Maryland  Hotpital  for  the 
fn»ane,  in  E.  Monument  St. ;  the  Maryland  Inititution  for  the  Inttmetion  of  the 
JiHnd,  a  large  marble  building  in  N.  Charies  St. ;  the  Mount  Hope  Hotpital,  con- 
ducted lij  the  Slaters  of  Charity,  in  Madison  St.  near  the  cHy  limit;' ;  the  Baltimore 
Infirmary,  also  under  the  supervision  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  in  Lombard  St.; 
and  the  orphan  asylums  of  St.  Anthony  cf  Padua  (Canal  St.  near  Madison)  and  St. 
Vincent  de  Paul  (No.  28  N.  Front  St.).  The  Church  Home,  Broadway  near  Balti- 
tnoro  St.,  is  a  Protestant  Episcopal  institulion  endowed  for  the  relief  of  the  destitute, 
jifflicted,  and  orphans.  The  Almehotue,  an  immense  brick  structure,  is  finely  situ- 
nted  near  the  Philadelphia  road  a  short  distance  from  the  £.  limits  of  the  city.  The 
llouie  of  Rtfuge  is  located  amid  attractive  scenery  near  the  Frederick  turnpike, 
about  2  miles  from  the  city.  The  Harylaad  State  Iisim  hsyXwm  is  a  massive  pile 
of  buildings  situated  near  Catonsville,  about  0  m.  from  the  city.  The  Sheppard 
Atylumfor  the  Intane,  founded  by  Mjses  Sheppard,  a  wealthy  Quaker,  occupies  • 
commanding  site  near  Towsoctown,  7  in.  from  the  city ;  and  the  Mount  Hope  Retreat 
for  the  insane  and  sick  is  6  m.  from  the  city  on  the  Reistertown  Road.  The  Johnt 
HopHnt  Hotpital,  the  finest  in  America,  ie  building  on  the  site  of  the  old  Marylimd 
Hospital.     Its  endowment  is  over  $2,000,000. 

MMiBwtii— From  her  several  monuments,  Baltimore  is  often  called  the  "  Monu- 
mental City."  The  WaiUigtM  MMUMit,  in  Mount  Vernon  Place,  is  chief  among 
structures  of  this  kind.  It  stands  upon  a  terrace  100  ft.  above  tide-water;  its  base 
is  60  ft.  square  and  20  ft.  high,  supporting  a 
Doric  shaft  176^  i\.  in  height,  which  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  colossal  statue  of  Washington, 
16  ft.  high.  The  total  elevation  is  thus  812^ 
ft.  above  the  level  of  the  river.  It  is  built 
of  brick,  with  an  outer  casing  of  white  mar- 
ble, and  cost  $200,000.  From  the  balcony 
of  the  monument,  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
city,  harbor,  and  surrounding  country  is  ob- 
tained. Access  by  a  circular  stairway  with- 
in (admission  fee,  16o.).  Battit  HMUMat, 
erected  to  the  memory  of  those  who  fell  de- 
fending the  city  in  September,  1814,  is  at 
the  cor.  of  Calverc  and  Fayette  Sts.  The 
square  sub-base  on  which  the  pedestal  or 
column  rests  rises  20  ft.  ftrom  the  ground, 
with  an  Egyptian  door  at  each  front,  on 
which  are  appropriate  inscriptions  and  rep- 
resentations, in  batio-rilievo,  of  some  of  the 
incidents  of  the  battle.  The  column  rises  18 
ft.  above  the  base.  This,  which  is  of  marble, 
in  the  form  of  a  Roman  fasces,  is  encircled 
by  bands,  on  which  are  inscribed,  in  sculptured  letters,  the  names  of  those  whose 
pnti'iotic  achievements  it  serves  to  commemorate.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  female 
figure  in  marble,  emblematic  of  the  city  of  Baltimore,  the  work  of  an  Italian  artist 
named  Capellano.  The  whole  height  of  the  monument  is  52^  ft.  The  Wildey 
Monument,  on  Broadway  near  Baltimore  St.,  commemorates  Thomas  Wildey,  the 
founder  of  the  order  of  Odd-Fellows  in  the  United  States.  It  consists  of  a  plain 
marble  pediment  and  shaft  surmounted  by  a  statue  of  Wildey. 

Parks,  Cmeteries,  etr.— The  principal  park  of  the  city  is  DraM  HII  Park  (reached  by 
Madison  Ave.  earn).  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  northern  suburbs  of  the  city; 
contains  680  acres;  «  as  opened  in  1861 ;  and  has  cost  about  $1,600,000.  The  archi- 
tectural decorations  of  the  park  are  few ;  its  charms  lying  chiefly  in  its  rural  beauty, 
its  secluded  walks,  drives,  and  bridle-paths.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  well 
wooded,  the  trees  being  among  the  oldest  and  finest  in  any  public  park  in  America. 
Many  of  the  eminences  overlook  the  surrounding  country,  and  from  the  tower  at 
the  head  of  Druid  Hill  Lake  there  is  <>■  superb  view  of  the  city  and  harbor. 


Wuhtngton  Honnmeiit. 


40 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


Patterton  ParJc,  at  the  E.  end  of  Baltimore  St.,  embraoen  70  acres,  pleaHantly  laitf 
out,  and  ooniinacds  extensive  views  in  every  direction.  In  the  park  may  be  Heen 
remains  of  eurtliworl<H  tlirown  up  for  tlie  defeUHe  of  the  city  in  the  War  of  1812. 
Federal  Hill  stands  on  the  H.  side  of  the  inner  basin,  \a  crowned  by  a  signal-station, 
and  commands  fine  views  of  tlie  shipping,  city,  river,  and  bay.  Fort  Mellenry,  at 
the  cntranoo  of  the  harbor,  B  m.  from  the  city,  is  worth  a  visit;  the  sentinels  will 
usually  admit  strangers.  The  principal  cemeteries  are  Oieenmount  Cemetery,  in  the 
N.  outskirts  of  the  city  (readied  by  York  Road  horse-oars),  and  Lsidwi  nurk  iJtm^ 
tery,  about  2  m.  from  the  city  (Franklin  Hquare  and  Ellicott  City  cars).  Hoth  have 
imposing  entrances,  contain  many  handsome  monuments,  and  are  piotnreb  ]uely  laid 
out.  The  Shot  Tower,  cor.  Front  and  Fayette  Hts.,  is  a  conspicuous  object,  visible 
from  all  parts  of  the  city  ;  it  is  '24K  W.  high,  and  contains  over  a  million  bricks. 


BAIjTIMOIUQ  to  WA8RXMOTON. 

The  traveler  has  a  choice  of  two  routes  in  going  from  Baltimore  to  Washington : 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  R.  R.,  and  the  Baltimore  it;  Poto- 
mac R.  R.  The  distance  by  the  former  is  40  m.,  and  by  the  latter  48  m. ;  time  1^ 
to  2  hrs. :  fare  $1.80.  The  country  traversed  is  flat,  with  few  pioturesoue,  and  no 
striking  features.  On  leaving  the  Baltimore  station  the  trains  of  the  Baltimore  &. 
Potomac  line  pass  through  the  great  tunnels  beneath  the  city  (7,400  ft.  long),  and 
Jnst  before  entering  Washington  through  another  tunnel  1,600  ft.  long.  The  flrst 
view  of  the  Capitol  in  approaching  tiie  city  is  very  fine,  and  should  not  be  lost. 


WA8HINOTON    OITT. 

"TXT-ASIIINGTON  CITY,  the  political  capital  of  the  United  Htates,  is  situated  on 
VV  the  N.  bank  of  the  Potomac  Uiver,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Eastern 
Branch.  Its  site  is  an  admirable  one,  consisting  of  an  extensive  undulating  plain 
snrronndcd  by  rolling  hills  and  diversifled  by  irregular  elevations  which  furnish  ad- 
vantageous positions  for  the  various  public  buildings.  The  plan  of  the  city  is  unique 
("  the  city  of  Philadelphia  griddled  across  the  city  of  Versailles  "),  and  is  on  a  Bb<ile 
which  shows  that  it  was  expected  that  a  vast,  metropolis  would  grow  up  there.  It 
covers  an  area  4^  m.  long  by  2}  broad,  embracing  nearly  11  sti.  m. ;  a  very  small 
portion  of  this,  however,  is  as  yet  built  upon.  The  site,  if  not  chosen  by  Washing- 
ton himself,  seems  to  have  been  selected  through  his  agency,  and  it  was  he  who  laid 
the  corner-stone  of  the  Capitol.  This  was  on  Sept.  18,  1798,  seven  years  before  the 
seat  of  government  was  removed  thither  from  Philadelphia.  Under  Washington's 
direction  the  city  was  planned  and  laid  out  by  Andrew  Ellicott.  It  appears  to  have 
been  Washington's  desire  that  it  should  be  called  the  "  Federal  City,"  but  the  name 
of  "the  city  of  Washington"  was  conferred  upon  it  on  Sept.  9,  1791.  Its  ancient 
name  was  Conococheague,  derived  from  a  rapid  stream  of  that  name  which  ran  near 
the  city,  and  which,  in  the  Indian  tongue,  means  the  Roaring  Brook.  The  city  was 
incorporated  May  3,  1802.  Its  population  in  1860  was  H0,000,  and  in  1870,  109,190. 
This  IS  increased  during  the  sessions  of  Congress  by  a  floating  population  amounting 
to  many  thousands.  The  commerce  and  manufactures  of  Washington  are  unimpor- 
tant. 

The  best  time  to  visit  Washington,  if  one  wishes  to  soe  its  most  characteristic 
aspect,  is  during  the  sessions  of  Congress.  These  begin  on  the  flrst  Monday  in  De- 
cember, and  last  until  March  4,  in  the  odd-numberei'  years,  and  until  June  or  July 
in  the  even-numbered  years.  During  this  period  the  ^.'.leries  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  are  open  to  visitors.  The  sessions  of  both  Houses  begin 
at  noon  and  usually  close  before  sunset,  but  sometimes  they  are  prolonged  far  into 
the  night.  A  flag  displayed  over  the  N.  wing  of  the  Capitol  indicates  that  the  Sen- 
ate is  in  session ;  over  the  S.  wing  that  the  House  is  in  session.  When  the  sittings 
are  prolonged  into  the  night,  the  great  lantern  over  the  dome  is  illuminated,  afford- 
ing a  brilliant  light  which  is  visible  for  many  miles.  The  best  time  for  seeing  the 
natural  beauties  of  Washington  is  May,  or  early  June,  and  October. 


)e 


1)lea8antly  Uitl 
:  may  be  fteen 
le  War  of  1812. 
a  siKnal-ntation, 
rt  Mc Henry,  at 
sentinels  will 
Cemetery,  in  the 
Park  iJmt' 
k).  Both  iiave 
ictnrefc  jnely  laid 
UH  object,  yisibl© 
"ion  brickH. 


to  Wusiiington : 
altimore  A  Poto- 
r  48  m. ;  time  li 
tureHuuo,  and  no 
the  Iialtimore  d^ 
too  ft.  long),  and 

long.     The  flrst 

not  be  lo8t. 


teri,  is  situated  on 
vitb  t)ie  Eastern 
undulating  plain 
which  furnish  ad- 
the  city  is  unique 
and  in  on  a  scale 
row  up  there.  It 
,  m. ;  a  very  small 
losen  by  Washing- 
it  was  he  who  laid 
in  years  before  the 
ider  Washington's 
It  appears  to  have 
ty,"  but  the  name 
1791.  Its  ancient 
me  which  ran  near 
ok.  The  city  was 
1  in  1870,  109,199, 
inlation  amounting 
igton  are  unimpor- 

iiost  characteristic 
rst  Monday  in  De- 
until  June  or  July 
of  the  Senate  and 
both  Houses  begin 
prolonged  far  into 
cates  that  the  Sen- 
When  the  sittings 
illuminated,  afford- 
ime  for  seeing  the 


WABHINOTON. 


41 


wk  iMtamitii — The  Arlington,  in  Vermont  Ave.  between  H  and  I  Sts., 
iM  a  new  and  handsome  hotel  in  the  fasiiionable  quarter  ($n  a  day).  Willard'$,  cor. 
I'ennHylvania  Ave.  pnd  14th  Ht.,  is  a  famous  house  (14.60  a  day).  The  Ebhitt 
Iloune,  cor.  F  and  i4th  8ts.,  is  a  favorite  resort  of  army  and  navy  offloers.  Other 
good  hotels  on  the  regular  or  American  plan  are  the  Xutionnl,  cor.  PonnsylTanift 
Ave.  and  Gth  St.  ($.3.60  a  day) ;  the  Metropolitan,  Pennsvlvania  Ave.  near  flth  St. 
iiA  a  day) ;  the  CongreMtonal,  cor.  First  and  B  Hts.  ($4  a  Jay) ;  the  Imperial,  E  St. 
between  18tli  and  14th  Sts. ;  the  Wnthington,  cor.  Pennsylvania  Ave.  and  8d  St. ; 
Wormley''*,  cor.  15th  and  II  Sts. ;  and  Kirkwiood''»,  cor.  Pennsylvania  Ave.  and  12th 
St.  Tlio  best  hotels  on  the  European  plan  are  tbe  St.  Marr,  cor.  Pennsylvania  Ave. 
and  7th  St. ;  the  St.  Jnmee,  cor.  Pennsylvania  Ave.  and  flth  St. ;  the  St.  Cloud,  cor. 
7th  and  F  Sts. ;  and  the  Owen  House,  Pennsylvania  Ave.  near  16th  St.  Boarding- 
hornet  may  be  found  in  all  parts  of  tlie  city  (|8  to  !|120  a  week). 

Weh1c*r'»,  16th  St.  near  II,  is  the  best  restaurant  in  the  city,  famous  for  its 
euisiiie  and  winew.  Wormley^e,  16tli  St.  cor.  II,  is  a  fnsiiionable  resort.  The  St. 
George,  F  St.  near  9th,  is  much  fre<iuented  by  ladies.  Jlnrvey^s,  cor.  Pennsylvania 
Ave.  and  11th  St.,  and  Duhnnd,  cor.  Pennsylvania  Ave.  and  6th  St.,  are  good  luncb- 
xnloons.  Downing'*,  in  tlie  basement  of  the  Capitol,  is  a  famous  restaurant,  much 
patronized  by  Congressmen. 

lallrMd  DciMtik— The  depot  of  the  Baltimore  tt  Potomac  R.  Jt.  (cor.  Otii  and  B 
Sts.)  is  a  spacious  and  highly-ornate  building.  The  depot  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
R.  R.  is  in  New  .Jersey  Ave. 

Medw  ef  CMTeyaM*« — Horie-eari  furnish  convenient  and  economical  means  of 
reaching  all  points  of  interest  in  the  city  (fnre  on  most  of  the  lines  5c.,  on  others  7o., 
with  transfer-tickets).  Carriage*  are  found  at  the  <lepots,  and  at  numerous  stands 
throughout  the  city.  The  legal  rates  of  fare  are :  for  1-2  passengers  1  m.  or  less, 
$1 ;  for  each  additional  passenger  60c. ;  per  hour  $1.60.  One-horse  coaches  are  d- 
lowed  to  charge  75c.  per  hour  or  per  course;  if  less  than  1  m.,  half-rates.  In  caM 
of  disagreement,  call  a  policeman  or  drive  to  a  police-station.  For  excursions  be- 
yond the  city  limits  it  is  better  to  hire  carriages  at  the  livery-stables  or  hotels.  A 
Steamboat  for  Mount  Vernon  leaves  the  7th  St.  wharf  daily  at  10  a.  m.  Ferry-boaU 
run  to  Alexandria  hourly  during  the  day  from  7th  St.  wharf  (fare  16c. :  round  trip  26o.). 

Strrfta  ud  DrlTCiu — Penntyhania  Avenue  in  that  part  of  its  course  between  the 
Capitol  and  the  White  House  (1^  m.)  is  the  busiest  and  most  fashionable  street  in 
the  city.  It  is  160  feet  wide,  and  on  or  near  it  are  the  leading  hotels,  stores,  thea- 
tres, etc.  Seventh  Street,  which  intersects  Pennsylvania  Ave.  about  midway  be- 
tween the  Capitol  and  the  Tretisury,  is  the  next  most  important  thoroughfare,  and 
contains  many  handsome  retail  stores.  Ma*»aehu»ett»  Avenue  extends  entirely 
across  the  city  (41  m.),  parallel  with  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  and  on  portions  of  its 
course  is  lined  with  fine  residences.  Maryland  Aventte  leads  S.  W.  from  the  Oapi- 
tol  to  the  Long  Bridge,  and  N.  E.  to  the  Toll-gate.  Vermont  Avenue  contains 
many  handsome  residonoes.  Fourteenth  Street  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  the 
cross-streets.  The  favorite  drives  are  out  Pennsylvania  Ave.  to  Georgetown;  to 
the  Little  Falls  of  the  Potomac  (8  m.  above  Georgetown) ;  to  the  Great  Falls  of  tbe 
Potomac  (17  m.  from  Washington);  and  across  the  river  to  Arlington,  Alexandria, 
and  the  embattled  heights  along  the  V^irginian  shore  of  the  Potomac. 

PihHc  tmi  PrwilaMt  BilMtagSi'— These  constitute  the  great  attraction  of  Wash- 
ington City.  The  €»fUM  is  one  of  the  largest  and  probably  the  most  magniflceut 
public  building  in  the  world.  It  crowns  the  summit  of  Capitol  Hill  (90  (t.  high), 
and  consists  of  a  main  >^>:ilding  362  ft.  hmg  and  121  ft.  deep,  and  two  wings,  or 
extensions,  each  288  by  l40  ft.  Its  whole  length  is  761  ft.  4  in.,  and  the  area  cov- 
ered rather  more  than  8^  acres.  The  material  of  the  central  building  is  a  light- 
yellow  freestone  (painted  white),  but  the  extensions  are  pure  white  marble.  The 
surrounding  grounds,  which  are  beautifully  cultivated  and  oml)ellished  with  fonn- 
tains  and  statuary,  embrace  about  80  acres  and  are  known  as  East  and  West 

■  All  public  bulldingH,  including  tlie  Ciipitol  and  tlie  severnl  Departraentfi,  ore  open  to  the 
public  every  day  (except  Sundays)  tnim  9  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m,,  and  oloood  at  most  other  times.  No 
ti*eA  are  asked  or  expected  for  Hhowing  them. 


Ha^KluBMi^Haaa 


42 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMERICAN   CITIES. 


UroandH.  Tho  main  front  Ih  toward  the  E.  and  ia  adorned  with  three  ((rand  porti- 
ooea  of  C'orintliiun  rohininH,  Uii  tlie  Ktepn  of  the  rentral  portico  are  itronpii  of 
Htataary  by  t'orHico  and  Oreenoii^h ;  and  on  tlie  ^roundii  in  tVont  of  it  Ih  (ireen- 
ough'H  coloHaal  atatuu  of  WaHhington.     CuIohhiiI  marble  Htiituca  of  IVace  and  War 


Th«  Capitol. 


are  on  tlio  r.  and  I.  of  the  entrance ;  and  over  tlie  doorway  is  a  bass-relief  of  Fame 
and  Peace  crowning  Washington  with  laurel.  The  W.  front  projects  88  ft.,  and  i^ 
embellished  with  a  recessed  portico  of  10  columnti.  This  front,  though  not  so 
imposing  architecturally  as  the  eautern,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  central  and 
western  portions  of  the  city  and  of  all  tho  principal  ]>ublic  buildings.  The  Bronte 
JJoor,  which  forms  tho  entrance  to  the  Rotunda  from  the  E.  portico,  is  worth  atten- 
tion. It  was  designed  by  Randolph  Rogers,  cast  by  Von  llttller  at  Munich,  is  17 
feet  high  and  9  ft.  wide,  weighs  20,000  lbs.,  and  cost  $80,000.  The  work  is  \nnlto- 
rilievo,  and  commemorates  the  history  of  Columbus  and  the  discovery  of  America. 
Each  of  the  8  panels  contains  a  scene  in  the  life  of  the  great  discoverer ;  and  the 
statuettes,  16  in  number,  between  the  panels  and  on  the  sides  of  the  door,  represent 
the  eminent  contemjioraries  of  Columbus.  There  are  also  bronze  doors. at  th& 
entrance  to  the  Senate  wing,  designed  by  Crawford,  who  died  before  they  were 
completed.  They  were  finished  by  Rinehort,  of  Haltimore.  The  Botunda  is  96  ft. 
in  diameter  and  180  ft.  high.  It  contains  8  large  pictures,  illustrating  scenes  in 
American  history,  (tainted  for  the  Government  by  native  artists.  Four  of  them  are 
by  Trumbull,  namely,  "The  Declaration  of  Independence,"  "The  Surrender  of 
General  Burgoyne,"  "  The  Surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis,"  and  "  General  Washing- 
ton resigning  his  Commission."  The  others  are  "The  Landing  of  Columbus,"  by  J. 
Vanderlyn;  "The  Discovery  of  the  Missiissippi  by  De  Soto,"  by  W.  11.  Powell; 
"The  Haptism  of  Pocahontas,"  by  John  6.  Chapman;  and  "The  Embarkation  of 
the  Pilgrims,"  by  R.  W.  Weir.  In  the  panels  over  the  4  entrances  to  the  Rotunda 
are  aUo-rilievo$  in  stone,  representing  "  Penn's  Treaty  with  the  Indians  "  (N.),  the 
"  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth  "  (E,),  the  "  Conflict  of  Daniel  Boone  with 
the  Indians"  (S.),  and  the  "Rescue  of  Captain  John  Smith  by  Pocahontas"  (W.V 
The  floor  is  of  freestone,  supported  by  arches  of  brick,  resting  upon  two  concentric 
peristyles  of  Doric  columns  in  the  crypt  below.  The  Dome  rises  over  the  Rotunda 
in  the  centre  of  the  Capitol,  and  is  the  most  imposing  feature  of  the  vast  pile.    The 


to  Krand  porti- 

]  are  irroiipii  of 

of  it  Ih  (ireen- 

Vace  and  War 


M-relief  of  Fam^ 
?tf*  88  ft.,  and  i» 
'.,  thonfili  not  so 

the  centrni  and 
igB.  The  Bronte 
o,  w  wortli  ntten- 
at  Munich,  iH  17 
e  work  is  in  ^Ito- 
very  of  America, 
overer ;  and  the 
e  door,  represent 
ze  doors. at  the 
■jcfore  they  were 
h'otiinda  h  96  ft. 
ttrnting  scenes  in 
Four  of  them  are 
)ie  Surrender  of 
ieneral  Washing- 
Uolumbns,"  by  J. 
r  W.  H.  Powell; 

Embarkation  of 
s  to  the  Rotunda 
idians  "  (N.),  the 
iniel  Doone  with 
)cahontaB"  (VI X 
a  two  concentric 
>ver  the  Rotunda 
e  vast  pile.    The 


WA8HINUT0N. 


4S 


interior  ineaHureN  »H  (l.  in  diameter,  and  380  ft.  tr<.  m  tlie  tioor  to  tlie  ceiling.  Ex- 
Ifrnally  it  is  llinj  tt.  in  diameter,  and  rises  241  ft.  uImivc  tlie  r«Nif  of  the  main  liuild- 
intr,  !<07^  ft.  ahovi-  the  base-line  of  tliu  building,  and  1*77  ft.  above  low  tide.  V'iiiitoni 
Mho'ild  not  fail  to  make  the  ascent  of  tlie  l>omi>.  A  N|iiral  stairway  liKtwcen  tho 
outer  and  inner  hIicIIs  (diverging  to  the  I.  from  the  corridor  oiitMitle  the  N.  door  of 
the  Rotunda)  att'iirds  easy  access,  and  gives  a  favorable  opportunity  for  inspecting 
from  dilferent  points  of  view  tho  fres<'o-painting  on  the  canopy  overlicad.  This  is 
the  work  of  Hruini<li;  it  covers  6,0(Ml  ft.  of  space  an<l  cost  |40,l)00.  It  (Consists  of 
II  portrait  of  Washington  in  a  sitting  postiiri'.  T-)  his  r.  is  seated  the  (mmIiIvss  of 
Liberty,  and  on  the  1.  a  feiiiitio  tigiirc  representing  Victory  and  Fanie  proclaiming 
Krce«loin.  In  a  Ncmicircle  is  a  group  of  females  representing  the  oHginnl  sister 
colonies,  bearing  alotl  a  banner  on  which  is  inscrilied  the  national  motto  ("  A'  I'lu- 
rihtm  Unum^").  Surrounding  this  under-circle,  near  tlie  base  of  the  design,  art)  6 
groups  representing  War,  Agriculture,  Mechanics,  C'lmmerce,  the  Navy  ami  Sci- 
ence. In  the  latter  group  the  Hgures  of  Franklin,  Fulton,  and  Waiter,  o<-cupy  prom- 
inent pln<^os.  All  tho  Hgures  (HA  in  numlier)  are  of  colossal  proportiims,  ho  as  to 
appear  life-size  when  seen  from  the  floor  beneath.  From'tlie  balustrade  at  the  base 
of  tho  canopy  is  obtained  a  mogniticent  vjew  of  tlie  city  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. From  the  gallery  immediately  underneath  the  fresco  gallery  another  spiral 
stairway  leads  up  to  the  lantern  (17  ft.  in  diameter  and  52  ft.  Iiigli).  This  is  sur- 
mounted by  the  tliolus,  or  ball,  and  this  in  turn  by  Crawford's  Hno  bronze  statue  of 
Liberty,  10^  ft.  Iiigli. — Leaving  tlio  Rotunda  by  the  S.  doorway,  the  visitor  finds 
liimself  in  tho  Old  Hall  of  IteprfUHtatite*  (now  used  as  a  "  Xalit'iiai  Statuary 
Hall  ").  This  room,  the  noblest  in  tlie  ('apit«il,  is  semicircular  in  form,  W  ft.  long 
and  57  ft.  bigli  to  the  a|iex  of  the  ceiling.  The  24  columns  which  support  tho 
entablature  are  of  variegated  green  brereia,  or  pudding-stone,  from  the  Potoniiic  Val- 
ley ;  and  the  ceiling  is  painttMl  in  iianei,  in  imitation  of  that  of  the  Pantheon  at  Rome. 
Light  is  admitted  through  a  (cupola  in  the  centre  of  tho  ceiling.  Over  the  H.  door  la 
a  statue  of  Lilierty,  by  I'aiisici,  and  an  eaglo  by  Valaporti.  Over  the  N,  door  is  a 
statue  by  Franzoni  representing  History  standing  in  a  winged  car,  the  wheel  of 
which,  by  an  ingenious  device,  forms  the  dial  of  a  clock.  In  18A4  tho  Hall  waa 
set  apart  to  receive  statues  of  eminent  Americans ;  eatdi  State  being  re<juested  to 
send  statues  of  two  of  its  moat  eminent  men.  New  York  has  sent  George  Clinton 
(bronze),  and  Robert  W.  Livingston  (marble);  Rhode  Islan<l,  Roger  Williams  and 
General  Greene  (both  marble) ;  and  Connecticut,  Jonatlian  Trumbull  and  Roger 
Sherman  (both  marble).  Mosaacliusetta  is  to  send  Winthrop  and  Samuel  Adams ; 
Maryland,  Charles  ('arroll  and  Roger  B.  Taney  ;  and  New  Jersey,  General  Philip 
Kearney  and  Richard  Stockton.  Houdon's  Washington  and  Stone's  Hamilton, 
some  busts  and  portraits  of  minor  importance,  and  Moran's  great  painting  of  the 
"  Grand  Caflon  of  the  Yellowstone,"  further  adorn  tho  Hall. — The  corridor  to  the 
S.  leads  to  the  present  Jfall  of  Repre»entntif)e$,  the  finest  legislative  chamber  in  the 
worl(\,  189  ft.  Ic  ^,  93  ft.  wide,  and  86  ft.  high.  The  ceiling  is  of  iron-work,  with 
4ff  stainetl  glass  panels  oh  which  are  painte<l  the  arms  of  the  States.  To  the  1.  of 
the  marble  desk  of  the  8|>eaker  is  a  full-length  portrait  of  I.afayette,  and  to  tlie  r. 
a  fnil-length  portrait  of  Washington  by  Vanderlyn.  The  Strangers'  Gallery  (reached 
by  two  grand  marble  stairways)  extends  entirely  round  the  hall ;  the  space  not 
specially  appropriated  for  the  use  of  the  diplomatic  corps  and  the  reporters  for 
the  press  is  open  to  visitors.  The  fipmher'n  Room,  immediately  in  rear  of  his  desk, 
is  a  richly-decorated  apartment.  From  tho  S.  lobby  of  the  Hall  two  stairways 
descend  to  the  basement,  where  are  located  the  Refectory  and  committee-rooms. 
The  room  of  the  Committse  on  Agriculture  will  repay  a  visit ;  the  walls  and  ceiling 
are  painted  in  fresco  by  Brumidi. — The  Senate  Vhamher,  reached  by  the  corridor 
leading  N.  A-om  the  Rotunda,  is  somewhat  smaller  than  the  Hall  of  P'^presenta- 
tives,  being  118i  ft.  long,  80}  ft.  wide,  and  86  ft.  high.  If  is  very  tastefully  fitted 
up.  The  visitors'  galleries  are  reached  by  marble  stairwa. « s,  which  are  among  the 
most  striking  architectural  features  of  the  Capitol.  The  President's  and  Vice- 
President's  Rooms,  the  Senators'  Retiring-Room,  the  Reception-Room,  and  the 
Senate  Post-OfHoe,  are  beautiful  chambers.    The  Marble  Boom  is  particularly  chaste 


^%M^i"- 


:t/j'><i' 


44 


IIAND-HOUK  or   AMKKICAN   UITIKM. 


Hiiil  rich  in  \t*  (li'i'iinitionM;  Hcnatom  alnno  liavc  tho  |irlvl!o^c  of  hIIowIok  viititoni 
to  t>nti-r  it.  TiiM  Vii'i'-i'roMiiliMirN  Koiiin  ciiiitiiliiN  Itftnlintiiiit  IVuIo'n  portrnit  of 
WuHlilnirton.  in  tiit-  liiii*eiiK>iit  of  tlio  Sfuntf  Ivxtt-iiHioii  iM'o<-oiiimi(U-«t-rouinN,  riohly 
friHcoi'ij  iiikI  funrMlicil,  uii'l  tlio  rorritlorH  iiri>  f\i|ui»itt'iv  |miiiU>(i. — 'l'\w  Siinrftne- 
(Idiirt  li'oiim.  (loimcilv  tlu«  Sciiatc-Clmiiilifr)  in  rcuclioil  lijr  tlm  corridor  loiMliiin  N. 
frotii  till'  Itoi inula,  it  \n  It  Hi'iiiii-irciiiur  ii|>nrtiiiciit,  7f>  ft.  i<in^  ami  4'>  ft.  Iiixii,  deco- 
riktitd  witli  rirli  loiil)'  coliiriinH  of  {'otoiiiut'  iiuirlilt',  utui  with  l<  '•Ih  of  tliv  former 
('liK*l'--liiHtli'('x.  \'i4itor4  lire  iiiliiiltti'd  duriii)r  tliu  MtHNiniiH  of  tiio  (.'oiirt  (October  to 
Muy,  I'i  to  I  c.  M.i.  I  iidci'ricatli  tlic  room  i^  the  u|>artiiiciit  formerly  o«-cn|ii«d  hy 
thii  Ooiirt  and  now  dcvotid  to  the  !,aw  Ijlirmy  CIO.OOII  voliiiii"'*). —  The  Library  of 
t'tiiij/rf"  in  readied  iiv  liiu  corridor  from  the  W.  door  of  the  Uotiiiida.  It  occiipien 
tlie  entire  W.  |iri>je(rtioii  of  tlie  ('aiiitol;  llie  main  room  in  til  ft.  ion^  ntid  :t4  ft. 
wide,  relied  witli  iron,  and  lltted  u|i  with  tire  pnad'  cuMeH.  The  Lihrnry  wux 
founded  ill  jsiio;  wiiH  liiiriie<l  hy  the  Itrititli  in  Ih|  i  ■  wax  u)(uin  |>artiitlly  liuriied  in 
IHni  ;  mid  wi'iit  into  its  present  rooiim  in  Ih.'iM.  'I'lie  coile(^tion,  which  iHthe  larxuHt 
in  the  L'nited  States,  now  niiriiherit  nearly  :i(iii.n(M)  volnmeM,  oxcliiHive  of  |iain|ihietM, 
and  Ih  InereaHiii);  at  tlie  rate  of  I(),<miii  or  |.*i,M(iu  volmneH  a  year.  All  <'o|iyrlf(lit 
hooks  are,  liy  law.  i'e(|iilred  to  ho  deposited  in  tills  lihrary,  and  tlie  reprvHentution 
of  .\iiierii  Mil  piiliiieiitiiins  it*  hy  far  the  most  complete  in  the  country.  It  i»  nlw) 
ri(di  in  lureitrn  IiooIni  in  every  department  of  literature.  liooi<H  may  he  read  in  tlie 
library  l>y  visitors,  ImiI  not  taken  away  (open  Iroin  10  a.  m.  to  4  v.  m.). — The  linht- 
ini;,  heating',  and  ventilating  apparatiiM  of  the  House  and  Henate  ChimiherH  aro  worthy 
of  not  lie. 

'I'lie  KurtolWf   Mmidim  (usually  cnlled  the  "White   House")  is  in   I'ennsylvania 

\vi.,  I J  m.  VV.  of  the  Cajiitol.  It  in 
of  I'reestone,  painted  white,  170  ft.  lonn 
anil  Htl  ft.  deep,  two  HtorieH  liixli,  and 
was  modeled  after  the  )ialaeo  of  the 
Dnku  of  Leinsler.  It  was  huilt  in 
171)2  hut  was  ho  much  injured  during 
file  occupation  of  the  city  iiy  the  Mrit- 
isli  in  IHl4tha;  extensive  repairs  were 
foynd  necessary ;  these  were  made  in 
I S I  ;■),  The  N.  front  lian  a  deep  portico 
ornamented  with  10  lonio  coluinns; 
iiinler  tliis,  carriages  drive  to  depoHit 
Potomac  front  has  a  circular  colonnade  of  (I  Ionic  columns.  The 
(oji-'U  ilaiiy  from  (t  a.  m.  to  :t  v.  m.)  is  the  i^rand  parlor  of  tlie  PrcHi- 
dent.  It  is  ii  line  cliamher,  HO  1't.  lonj?,  4(»  ft,  wide,  and  20  ft.  hi);h,  richly  decorated 
and  fiirnislied.  Tiie  Kliie,  lied,  and  (ireeii  Hooms  are  on  the  same  tloor,  and  are 
elegant  in  their  appointnientH.  The  Executive  OtHce  and  the  Cabinet  Room  are  on 
the  2d  tloor,  as  are  also  the  private  apartments  of  the  family,  S.  of  the  Mansion  it* 
a  pleasant  park,  tastefully  laid  out:  in  tlie  centre  of  tl.j  luwn  is  a  bronze  stalue  of 
•Tetferson  ;  on  the  W.  are  extensive  conservatories. 

Tlie  I'.  8.  Treasary  is  Just  E.  of  the  Wliito  Mouse,  at  the  cor.  of  Pennsylvania  Ave. 
and  15th  St.  (open  to  visitors  from  9  a.  m.  to  2  i*.  m,).  It  is  the  finest  huilding  for  the 
purpose  in  the  world.  The  E.  front  has  an  unhroken  Ionic  colonnade,  342  ft.  lonir, 
modeled  after  tliut  of  the  temple  of  Minerva  at  Athens.  It  was  the  first  part  huilt, 
and  w^iis  commenced  in  lR8fi.  The  extension  was  begun  in  1855,  from  designs  by 
Walter,  tlie  architect  of  the  Capitol  extension.  The  extension  flunks  the  (dd  build- 
ing at  each  end  witli  massive  fronts,  and  the  entire  edifice  is  582  ft.  long  by  800  ft. 
wide,  and  cost  $0,000,000.  Tlie  material  of  the  old  building  is  brown  sandstone, 
painted ;  tliat  of  the  extension  is  solid  Dix  Island  granite.  The  W.  front  has  side 
porticoes,  and  a  grand  central  entrance  with  K  monolithic  colnmns  of  enormous  size. 
The  N,  and  8.  fronts  are  alike,  and  are  adorned  with  stately  porticoes.  The  building 
contains  about  200  rooms,  of  which  the  finest  is  the  Cash  Room,  extending  through 
The  stories  and  lined  throughout  with  rich  marbles  in  decorative  combinations, 
two  Oold  Room,  in  which  there  is  usually  about  $10,000,000  in  gold  coin,  may  he 


se*n 

iiiurh 


'Wllltl'    'HUM'," 


visitors.     Tin 
"  East  Kooni 


Tl 
Whit. 
and  o 
partm 
of  aw 


.  irats 

(0(^0 

storii 

will 

ocou| 

maps 


wIdk  vUitorH 
H  portrHit  of 
rooiiiH,  richly 
'\'\w  Siittrtm*- 
lor  IcftiliiiK  N. 
I,  lilxlii  <lt'»'<>- 
if  tlif  foniier 
rt  (( )ctob»'r  t<i 

nccllpimi  by 

If  l.ihrtiry  of 

It    ()<'('ll|>i«<M 

\\i  iitul  :i4  ft. 

I.iln'iiry    WBH 

lilly  liurtuMi  In 

i^  ttio  iar)(i<Ht 

of  |mm|ihletM, 

All  copyrinlit 

i'(.>|ii-0Hfiituti<>n 

iti y.     It  i*  iiImo 

liu  rciul  ii)  tliu 

.).— The  linht- 

)ir(* iiru  worthy 

I  IVnnMylvanltt 
('i)|iito1.     It  m 

lite,  170  ft.  lon« 

orluft  liiKhi  and 
L>  pnlace  of  the 

t  was  built  in 
I  injiirud  during 

ity'  by  the  Mrit- 
ive  ropuirH  wore 
0  w<.<re  inadu  in 
M  a  doi'|)  i>ortico 
lunic  coliiiiinn; 
Irivo  to  di'poHit 

columns.  The 
or  of  the  IVeni- 
richly  decorated 
0  floor,  and  are 
let  Room  are  on 
'  the  MauHion  Ih 
bronze  Htaliie  of 

innsylvania  Ave. 
building  for  the 
ttde,  342  ft.  lonii, 
9  firHt  part  built, 
from  dfsiftnM  by 
Ic4  the  old  build- 
.  lonK  by  800  ft. 
rown  BandHtone, 
f.  front  haa  side 
f  enormous  size. 
s.  The  building 
tendinis  through 
'&  combinations, 
■old  coin,  may  be 


WAHHINUTOK. 


a 


Hcen  by  |M»nnit  from  tb««  Tro«»ur«T.     The  corridors  are  ornamented  with  colored 
marblew,  and  the  sluirwayN  are  iiiipoHinK- 


Tr<'ii»iir)    l><'|>iirtini'Mt. 

The  War  mid  Xnri/  lJri>iirtmfnti>  are  plain  briik  buildinnH  in  17th  St.,  W.  of  the 
Whit)'  IliMiHc,  with  nothing  but  thoir  size  to  invite  attention.  A  collection  of  flag* 
and  other  trophies,  capture<l  durinjf  the  ('ivil  War,  will  bo  found  in  both  these  De- 
partments; the  visit)  r's  <-ard,  accoinpanietl  by  a  re(|Ucst,  will  insure  the  opportunity 
of  Reein^;  them.     An  immense  building  for  the  use*  of  the  Ntair,  War,  aid  Navy  Depart* 


State,  War,  and  Navy  BuilUInu;. 

.If ate  is  now  nearly  finished.  It  fronts  Executive  Ave.  between  17th  and  18th  Sts. 
(ac^oining  the  buildings  Just  mentioned),  and  is  507  ft.  long  and  842  ft.  wide,  four 
stories  high,  with  lofty  Mansard  roof.  The  material  is  granite,  and  the  building 
will  be  absolutely  fire-proof.  The  St^te  Department  has  already  moved  in,  and 
occupies  the  2d  tloor.  The  Department  Library  contains  a  fine  collection  of  books, 
maps,  and  charts.  •"•       '      /  '. 


46 


HAKD-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


The  Pitent-Offlee,  in  whioh  is  located  the  office  of  the  Interior  Department,  is  one 
of  the  finest  of  the  (government  buildings.  It  occupies  the  entire  block  between 
7tb  and  9th  and  F  and  II  8ts.,  and  is  41U  ft.  long  and  276  ft.  deep.  It  is  of  marble 
and  whitened  sandstone,  in  severe  and  massive  Doric  style,  and  has  a  portico  on 
each  of  its  four  fronts.  The  F  St.  portico  (main  entrance)  is  reached  by  broad 
granite  steps,  and  consists  of  16  Doric  columns  of  immense  size,  upholding  a  classic 
pediment.  The  interior  of  the  building  is  admirably  designed  and  handsomely 
finished.  The  Model-Room  (open  from  9  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.)  occupies  the  entire  r..)per 
floor  of  the  edifice,  forming  4  large  halls  or  chambers  unequaled  for  ex'.ent  and 
beauty  on  the  continent.  The  totiil  length  of  this  floor  is  1,350  ft ,  or  ra<  ler  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  mile;  and  it  is  filled  with  cases  containing  imnienae  numbers  of 
models  representing  every  department  of  mechanical  art.  Tho  entire  collection 
numbers  over  120,000  articles.  The  frescoes  on  the  ceiling  of  the  8.  Hall  tire  much 
admired.  In  this  room  are  cases  containing  a  collection  of  Revolutionary  curiosities 
and  relics,  among  which  are  the  printing-press  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  and  many  of 
the  per.sonal  effects  of  Washington,  including  the  uniform  worn  by  him  when  he  re- 
signed his  commission  as  Oommander-in-Chief.  Near  these  nre  cases  for  the  preser- 
vation of  medals  and  treaties  with  foreign  powers.  Among  the  latter  are  treaties 
with  Louis  Philippe  (1831),  Louis  XVI.  (1778),  and  Louis  XVIII.  (1822).  A  fine 
collection  of  sabres,  ijresonted  by  the  Bey  of  Egypt  to  Captain  Perrie,  U.  S.  N.,  in 
1832,  adorns  the  upper  end  of  this  case.— On  tht  second  or  main  floor  are  the  offices 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  Indian  (.)ffice,  the  General  Land-Office,  the 
Pension  and  Census  Bureaus,  and  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  oc  Patents. 

The  General  Post-Office^  opposite  the  S.  front  of  the  Patent-Office,  is  an  imposing 
edifice  of  white  marble  in  the  Italian  or  modified  Corinthian  style.  It  is  300  ft. 
long,  204  ft.  deej),  and  three  stories  high,  and  cjst  |1, 700,000.  It  was  commenced  in 
1839,  extended  in  1855,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Walter,  and  finished  in  1865. 
Monoliths  of  Carrara  marble  fcm  the  columns  of  the  extension.  The  City  Post- 
Office  occupies  the  lower  story  of  the  F  St.  front.  The  whole  upper  portion  is  ap- 
propriated to  the  use  of  the  Genp.al  or  United  States  Post-Office.  The  Dead-Letter 
Office  (2d  story)  contains  some  curious  objects. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  (^open  from  9  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m.)  is  situated  on  the 
Mall  at  the  foot  of  13th  St.  It  is  a  handsome  brick  building  in  the  Renaissance 
style,  170  ft.  long  and  3  stories  high  with  Mansard  roof,  and  contains  a  library,  a 
Museum  of  Agriculture,  an  Herbarium  (with  25,000  varieties  of  plants),  and  an 
Entomological  Museum.  The  Flower-Gardens  in  front  of  the  main  building  are 
adorned  with  statuary,  and  when  in  bloom  are  a  truly  glorious  sight.  N.  of  the 
main  building  is  the  Arboretum,  and  S.  extensive  Experimental  Gardenj.  The 
Plant-Houses,  W.  and  S.  of  the  main  building,  will  repay  a  visit. 

The  Botanical  Gardns  occupy  the  square  immediately  W.  of  the  Capitol  (entrance 
on  1st  St.).  These  gardens  are  under  the  control  of  the  Library  Committer  of  Con- 
gress, and  are  free  to  visitors  (open  from  9  to  6).  The  vast  conservatories  belonging 
to  them  are  filled  with  rare  and  curious  plants,  fruits,  and  flowers. 

The  National  Obserratory  is  situated  on  high  ground  near  the  Potomac  (at  the  foot 
of  24th  S*..),  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  both  Washington  and  Georgetown.  The 
Observatory  was  founded  in  1842,  and  is  now  one  of  the  foremost  institutions  oi 
the  kind  in  the  world.  It  possesses  many  fine  instruments,  including  the  largest 
equatorial  telescope  yet  made,  and  a  good  library  of  astronomical  works.  Strangers 
are  allowed  to  visit  the  Observatory  at  all  hours,  and  to  inspect  the  telescope  and 
other  instruments"  when  they  are  not  in  use.  The  Signal-Office,  the  headquarters 
of  the  Weather  Bureau,  is  on  G  St.,  near  the  War  Department.  The  instruments 
used  here  are  of  the  most  delicate  description.  The  Hydrographic  Office  is  in  an  old 
building  called  the  Octagon,  at  the  cor.  of  New  York  Ave.  and  18th  St.  It  pre- 
pares charts  and  sailing-directions. 

The  U.  S.  Arsenal  is  located  in  the  midst  of  pleasant  grounds  on  Greenleaf » 
Point,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Eastern  Branch.  The  present 
buildings  were  erected  in  1814  by  Colonel  Bomford,  and  contain  vast  stores  of  arms 
and  ammunition.    Near  the  centre  of  the  grounds  is  an  immense  park  of  artillery, 


3, 


lartment,  is  one 

block  between 

It  is  of  marble 

as  a  portico  on 

lached  by  broad 

holding  a  classic 

,nd  handsomely 

the  entire  Ujtper 

for  ex'^ent  and 

or  ral  ler  more 

;nse  numbers  of 

entire  collection 

Hall  Ittre  much 

ionary  curiosities 

lin,  and  many  of 

'  \va  when  he  re- 

es  for  the  presor- 

atter  are  treaties 

(1822).     A  fine 

errio,  U.  S.  N.,  in 

oor  are  tiie  offices 

Land-Office,  the 

>i  Patents. 

ce,  is  an  imposing 

tyle.     It  is  300  ft. 

va»  commenced  in 

finished  in  1865. 

,    The  City  Post- 

iper  portion  is  ap- 

The  Dead-Letter 

is  situated  on  (he 
n  the  Renaissance 
ntains  a  library,  a 
of  plants),  and  an 
main  building  are 
8  sight.  N.  of  the 
ital  Gardenj.    The 

e  Capitol  (entrance 
Committee  of  Con- 
rvatories  belonging 

•8. 

otomao  (at  the  foot 
Georgetown.  The 
lost  institutions  ot 
icluding  the  largest 
1  works.  Strangers 
t  the  telescope  and 
e,  the  headquarters 
.  The  instruments 
lie  Office  is  in  an  old 
d  18tli  St.     It  pre- 

ands  on  Greenleaf  s 
anch.  The  present 
[  vast  stores  of  arms 
ie  park  of  artillery, 


WASHINGTON. 


47 


containing  nearly  1,000  cannon  of  all  sizes  and  descriptions.  In  front  of  the  old  bar- 
racks is  atrophy-battery,  containing  British,  French,  Mexican,  and  Confederate  guns, 
captured  in  battle.  The  Ordnance  Museum  is  on  the  2d  floor  of  Winder's  Building, 
cor.  F  and  17th  Sts.  It  contains  captured  battle-flags,  cannon  and  small-arms,  am- 
munition of  all  kinds,  uniforms  and  military  equipments,  trophies,  and  models  of 
field  and  fortress  artillery  in  position,  and  of  fortifications. 

The  NfeTy-Yard  is  situated  on  the  Eastern  Branch,  about  1^  m.  S.  £.  of  the  Capitol. 
It  has  an  area  of  27  acres,  inclosed  by  a  substantial  brick  wall,  and  entered  by  a 
portal  designed  by  Latrobe.  Within  the  inclosure,  besides  homes  for  the  officers, 
are  shops  and  warehouses,  2  large  sb'p-houses,  and  an  armory — which,  like  the  rest 
of  the  establishment,  is  kept  iu  tiie  rmest  order.  Upon  entering,  the  visitor  is  re- 
quired to  register  his  name  at  the  office,  after  which  he  can  ramble  tiirough  the 
l)uildings  at  his  leisure,  under  the  escort  of  a  guide.  He  should  not  fail  to  inspect 
the  ordnance-foundery  and  shops  where  the  manufacture  of  guns,  shot,  and  shells,  is 
usually  going  on.  Leaving  the  Foundery  he  should  go  to  the  Museum,  where  there 
IS  an  interesting  collection  of  fire-arms,  warlike  munitions,  and  relics.  At  other 
points  in  the  yard  are  collections  of  guns  and  other  trophies,  captured  during  war 
or  otherwise  ac<|uired.  An  interesting  feature  is  the  Lxperimental  Battery,  where 
experiments  in  the  science  of  naval  gunnery  are  carried  on ;  and  still  another  promi- 
nent object  is  tlie  fieet,  including  several  Monitors,  Torpedo-Boats,  and  Iron-clads. 
— Two  squares  N.  of  the  Navy- Yard  are  the  Marine  BarraeJu,  the  headquarters  of 
the  U.  8.  Marine  Corps ;  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  same  is  the  Marine 
Hospital,  for  sick  and  disabled  sailors.         t"-  ,  ^ 

WashlagtKii  MMnrait — This  monument,  which  was  to  have  hi  en  the  loftiest  and 
finest  in  the  world,  is,  in  its  present  unfinished  state,  rather  a  b^c  nish  than  an  orna- 
ment to  the  city.  The  design  contemplated  a  shaft  600  ft.  high,  Vr'Uh  an  ornamented 
base,  modeled  after  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  250  ft.  in  diameter  and  100  ft.  high,  to 
be  surrounded  by  a  colonnade  of  80  Doric  columns,  with  suitable  entablature  and 
balustrade.  Within  the  base  or  "  Temple,"  statues  of  Revolutionary  heroes  and 
relics  of  Washington  were  to  have  been  placed,  and  the  whole  interior  elaborately 
adorned  with  finely-carved  stones  sent  by  the  different  States,  by  foreign  govern- 
ments, and  by  societies.  Many  of  these  blocks  are  beautiful  specimens,  worthy  of 
inspection ;  they  are  contained  in  3  shed  near  the  structure.  The  monument  is  now 
174  ft.  high  anu  has  cost  |280,000.  It  is  doubtful  whether  it  will  ever  be  com- 
pleted, as  $1,200,000  are  n?"essary  to  do  so.  It  is  proposed  to  demolish  it  and  con- 
struct a  grand  triumphal  arch  from  the  materials  (located  on  the  W.  end  of  the 
Mall,  above  14th  St.). — Mill's  colossal  equestrian  Statue  of  Washington  stands 
within  the  circli  formed  by  the  junction  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Hampshire  Aves. 
and  28d  and  K  Sts.  The  head  and  fpce  of  Washington  are  from  a  bust  by  Hondon, 
taken  in  Washington's  lifetime,  and  are  considered  very  natural.  "  The  horse  is 
represented  as  shrinking  back  before  the  destructive  fire  of  the  enemy  [at  the  battle 
of  Princeton],  while  the  rider  surveys  the  scene  with  the  calmness  and  resolution 
which  know  no  fear  when  honor  and  duty  are  at  stake." 

H.  K.  Browne's  colossal  equestrian  StatM  ff  GcMral  SMtt,  cast  from  captured 
Mexican  cannon  and  completed  in  1874  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  stands  in  Massachusetts 
Ave.  above  14th  St.  It  is  a  noble  work.  The  pedestal  is  made  of  5  enormous 
granite  blocks,  2  of  which  are  said  to  be  the  largest  qt  arried  stones  in  the  world,  ex- 
cept those  in  the  ancient  walls  of  Jerusalem  !"'i  Raalbek. 

Tkettra  mi  PtaMS  of  AauMMit — The  National  Theatre,  on  £.  St.  near  i4th,  is 
the  principal  in  the  city,  and  has  a  good  stock-company.  Ford's  Opera-House,  8th 
St.  near  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  accommodates  about  1,500  persons  and  produces  comedy 
and  melodrama.  Lincoln  Hall,  cor.  9th  and  D  Sts.,  is  the  finest  in  the  city,  and  the 
one  generally  used  for  concerts,  lectures,  readings,  etc.  In  Mneonie  Hall  (F  and 
9th  Sts.)  public  parties  and  balls  are  frequently  given.  Odd-Fellows'  Hall  is  in  7th 
St.,  between  D  and  £;  Willard's  Hall  in  F  St.  near  14th;  and  Meteerott  Hall  in 
Pennsylvania  Ave.  between  9tb  and  10th  Sts. 

Libraries,  Art-GaHerici,  etr. — The  Library  qf  Congress  has  already  been  described 
{see  p.  44).     The  excellent  library  and  reading-r'ioms  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 


48 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


Auoeiation  (cor.  0th  and  D  St8.)are  open  to  viaitora  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  i>.  ii.  The 
Wathingtou  Library  (in  11th  St.)  was  incorporated  in  1814,  and  numbers  15,000 
volnmes.  The  Patent- Offlee  Library  is  rich  in  scientific  and  uiechanicul  works. 
At  the  oflioeM  of  tlio  Washiii^ttun  (^orr«Hi>ondeut8  of  leading  American  new8|>apers 
(on  Newspaper  Kow  near  tiie  cor.  of  14th  and  F  Sts.)  tiles  of  newspapers  are  usu- 
ally accessible  to  the  visitor. 

The  CwtttfM  Galkry  of  Art,  at  the  cor.  of  Pennsvlvania  Ave.  and  17th  8t.,  is  a 
large  tire-proof  brick  and  brown-stone  building  in  tlie  decorated  Kenaiasance  st^le. 

It  was  founded  by  W.  W.  Corcoran, 
the  banker,  wlio  deeded  it  to  :he  peo- 
ple HI)'!  presented  it  witli  his  superb 
private  art-collection.  It  contains  up- 
ward of  100  paintings,  some  of  them 
lunsterpieces;  a  fine  collection  of  casts 
and  statuary,  among  the  latter  Hiram 
Powers'fl  famous  "  Greek  Slave ;  "  the 
richest  collection  of  bronzes  in  Ameri- 
ca ;  and  specimens  of  brie-d-brae,  i)or- 
celain,  ami  nu^jolica-ware.  Admission 
free  on  Tues<lay8,  Thursdays,  and  Sat- 
urdays ;  on  other  days,  25  c, 

CliBrthcs.  —  The  Cathedral  of  St. 
Aloydus  (Homan  Catholic),  at  the  •or. 
of  N.  Capitol  and  I  Sts.,  is  celebrated 
for  the  excellence  of  its  choir.  The 
exterior  of  the  church  is  jdain,  but  its 
interior  decorations  are  very  rich,  the 
marble  altar  being  especially  worthy 
•jf  notice,  St.  Mattheit^t,  usually  at- 
Corcoran  Art-Bnildinsr.  tended  by  the  Catholic  members  of 

the  Diplomatic  Corps,  is  E,  of  Lafayette  Square.  St.  Dominie'»  (Roman  Catholic) 
IB  a  large  granite  structure  cor.  6th  and  F  Sts.  St.  John's  (Episcopal),  fronting 
Lafayette  Square  on  the  N.,  is  a  famous  oM  chiu'ch  attended  by  Presidents  Madison, 
Monroe,  and  Jackson.  The  Church  of  the  Epiphany  (Episcopal)  is  in  G  St.,  be- 
tween 13th  and  14th.  The  MetniMllttii  NcthodM,  cor.  4^  and  D  Sts.,  is  an  iniposing 
brown-stone  building, 
which  cost  $250,000. 
It  possesses  one  of  the 
finest  chimes  of  bells  in 
the  United  States,  The 
Mount  Vernon  Method- 
ist  is  at  the  cor,  of  9th 
and  K  Sts. ;  and  the 
Foundry  Methodint  is 
in  F  St.  near  14th.  The 
First  Presbyterian  is  in 
4J  St.  near  C  St. ;  and 
the  Jf.  Y.  Avenue  Pres- 
byterian in  N.  Y,  Ave. 
near  14th  St. 

EdiMtional  and  Chari- 
table iDStltiUons.  —  The 
SalthsoDlan  Instltatlon,  a 
beautiful  building  of  red 
sandstone  in  tlie  Nor- 
man or  Romanesque 
style,  stands  on  the  Mall  between  the  Capitol  and  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
and  is  surrounded  by  inclosed  grounds  52^  acres  in  extent.    (The  easiest  approach 


HmtthBonlnn  Institution. 


10  i>.  M.    The 

umbers  16,000 
lanical  works, 
in  newspapers 
apers  are  usu- 

17th  St.,  is  a 

iniattnnce  8t.)le. 

W.  Corcoran, 

it  to  :  he  poo- 

th  his  superb 

It  containH  np- 

soine  of  them 

Uection  of  casts 

le  hitter  Fliram 

ek  Slave ;  "  the 

)iizes  in  Ameri- 

iric-d-brtie,  j>or- 

ire.     Admission 

■sdays,  and  Sat- 

25  c. 

ithedral  of  St. 

olic),  at  the  ''or. 

3.,  is  celebrated 

its  choir.     The 

is  ]>lain,  but  its 

re  very  rich,  the 

pecially  worthy 

Mr'«,  usually  at- 

lic  members  of 

{oman  Catholic) 

scopal),  fronting 

sidents  Madison, 

is  in  (t  St.,  be- 

.,  is  an  imposing 


ggg^ 


WASHINGTON, 


49 


t  of  Agriculture, 
easiest  approach 


from  Pennsylvania  Ave.  is  by  7tb  St.)  litis  noble  institution  was  founded  by  James 
Smithson,  an  Englishman,  "for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among 
men."  Tlio  building  was  commenced  in  1847  and  completed  soon  after.  It  is  447 
ft.  lung  by  160  wide,  and  has  9  towers  ranging  from  75  to  160  ft.  in  height.  It 
contains  a  museum  of  natural  history  with  numerous  and  valuable  specimens, 
arranged  in  a  series  of  sfiacions  halls ;  and  metnllurgical,  mineralogical,  and  ethno- 
logical collections,  witli  many  curiosities.  The  grounds  attached  to  the  Insti- 
tution were  laid  ott  by  Downing,  the  eminent  lands<-ape-gardener,  to  whose  men.- 
ory  a  rich  vase  of  Italian  marble  has  been  erected  by  the  Pomological  Society. 
Visitors  are  admitted  to  the  Institution  from  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  Columbian  Uniter- 
itity,  in  14th  St.  near  the  city  limits,  is  a  flourishing  Baptist  institution,  with  aca- 
demical, law,  and  medical  departments.  The  buildings  are  finely  situated  on  the 
crest  of  a  hill  commanding  extensive  views.  Howard  Unitenity  is  on  the  7th 
St.  Koad  just  beyond  the  city  limits.  It  was  founded  in  1867  for  the  education 
of  youth  "  without  regard  to  sex  or  color,"  but  its  students,  700  in  number,  are 
nearly  all  negroes.  The  University  building  is  a  large  structure  of  brick,  painted 
white,  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  surmounted  by  a  tower  from  which  there  is 
a  fine  view  of  the  city  and  its  environs. 

The  Louite  Home,  near  the  cor.  of  17th  St.  and  Massachusetts  Ave.,  is  an  ele- 
gant building  erected  by  Mr.  W.  W,  Corcoran  at  a  cost  of  f200,000  to  afford  a 
home  to  impoverished  elderly  huHes  of  education  and  good  family.  It  is  liberally 
endowed.  The  Soldiera'  Home  (fo*-  disabled  soldiers  of  the  regular  army)  occupies 
an  elevated  plateau  8  m.  N.  of  the  city  (reached  by  7th  St.  horse-cars).  It  consists 
of  several  marble  buildings  in  the  Norman  style,  oi  which  the  main  one  is  600  ft. 
long.  A  fine  park  of  600  acres  surrounds  the  buildings.  It  has  been  the  custom 
of  the  Presidents  since  Pierce's  administration  to  occupy  one  of  the  smaller  build- 
ings of  the  Home  as  a  summer-resort,  and  here  President  Lincoln  passed  some 
of  the  last  hours  of  his  eventful  term.  N.  of  the  Asylum  grounds  is  one  of  the 
National  Cemeteries,  in  which  6,424  soldiers  are  buried.  The  Asyhn  'or  the  IHUW 
(of  the  Army,  Navy,  an<'  Dif  ict  of  Columbia)  occupies  one  of  tke  highest  emi- 
nences '1  the  vicinity  'WaBhington  (reached  by  crossing  the  Navy-Yard  bridge 
and  ascending  the  heights  beyond  Union!:  ^vn).  The  building  is  an  immense  struct- 
ure, 711  ft.  long,  in  the  collegiate  Oothic  s  ,  and  stands  in  grounds  400  acres  in 
extent.  The  Columhia  lnatit'"'''^/n  for  the  j  >'an(l  Pvmh  occupies  the  old  J\'  tu'ill 
Green  estate  N.  E.  ol"  the  city,  ii  iirniiL  ;.  istrui.ion  lo  botii  sexes,  an  uji  ^  a 
collegiate  department.  The  inuin  building  ict  a  handsome  specimen  of  Gothic  u  ...i- 
tecture. 

PiMic  Spurts,  Ceaeterics,  etc. — The  finest  public  square  in  the  city  in  j/ette 

Square  in  Pennsylvania  Ave.  N.  of  the  White  House.  It  is  laid  out  n  /  .ding 
paths  and  filled  with  trees  and  shrubbery.  In  the  centre  stands  Ciu'^  Mills's 
bronze  equestrian  statue  of  General  Jackson,  cast  from  cannon  taken  by  Jackson  in 
his  battles  with  the  British  and  Spaniards.  The  statue  is  remarkable  for  its  delicate 
balancing,  which  was  effected  by  making  the  flanks  and  tail  of  the  horse  of  solid 
metal.  The  Capitol  Oroundt  have  already  been  described.  Judiciary  Square  lies 
N.  of  the  City  Hall  on  4J  St.  At  the  cor.  of  Connecticut  Ave.  and  I  St.  is  Farra- 
gut  Square,  which  is  soon  to  be  adorned  with  a  statue  of  Admiral  Farragut.  Baw- 
lin»  Square  is  a  pretty  little  inolosure  on  New  York  Ave.  near  18th  St. 

The  CongreitBional  Cemetery  is  about  1  ni.  E.  of  the  Capitol,  near  the  Eastern 
Branch.  Its  situation  is  high,  and  commands  fine  views.  It  contains  several  mon- 
uments of  interest,  among  which  are  those  of  George  Clinton,  Elbridge  Gerry,  Wil- 
liam Wirt,  Mi^ior-General  Macomb,  M^or-General  Jacob  Brown,  Commodore 
Chauncey,  and  Hon.  A.  P.  Upshur.  There  are  about  160  cenotaphs  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Congressmen  who  have  died  during  their  term  of  service.  Glenwood,  a 
pleasant  rural  burying-ground,  lies  about  1  m.  N.  of  the  Capitol.  Oak  Hill  Ceme- 
tery will  be  described  in  connection  with  Georgetown. — The  celebrated  Lm^g 
Bridge  crosses  the  Potomac  into  Virginia  from  foot  of  14th  St.  It  is  a  shabby 
wooden  structure  about  1  m.  long.  Benning'i  Bridge  and  Navy-  Yard  Bridge  cross 
the  Eastern  Branch  into  Maryland. 


50 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMBBICAN  CITIES. 


flcwgctowi  (Union  Hotel)  is  an  old  and  piotnresqne  town,  distant  but  2  m.  from 
the  Capitol,  and  divided  only  by  Kock  Greeic  from  Washington  City,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  4  bridges  and  2  lines  of  horse-cars.  The  town  is  beautifully  situ- 
ated on  a  range  of  tiills  which  command  a  view  unsurpassed  in  the  Potomac  Valley. 
It  was  laid  out  in  1761  by  act  of  tlie  colonial  government  of  Maryland,  and  was  in- 
oorporated  in  1789.  It  is  the  port  of  entry  of  the  District,  and  a  line  of  steamships 
plies  between  it  and  New  Yorlc.  One  of  the  chief  points  of  interest  is  Georgetown 
College,  at  tlie  W.  end  of  the  town.  This  is  an  old  institution  of  learning  (founded 
in  1789  and  incorporated  as  a  university  in  1815),  and  the  most  famous  belonging  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  Cburch  in  the  United  States.  It  is  under  the  contri  of  the 
Jesuits.  The  buildings  are  spacious,  and  contain  a  library  of  30,000  volumes,  among 
which  are  some  extremely  rare  and  curious  boolcs,  some  beautifully  illuminated 
missals,  and  some  rare  old  MSS. ;  an  astronomical  observatory;  and  a  museum 
of  natural  history.  In  the  rear  of  the  college  is  a  picturesque  rural  serpentine  walk, 
commanding  fine  views.  The  Convent  of  the  VUitation  (in  Fayette  St.  near  the 
College)  was  founded  in  1799,  and  is  the  oldest  house  of  the  order  in  America.  It 
consists  of  several  fine  buildings  in  a  park  of  40  acres.  Visitors  admitted  between 
11  A.  M.  and  2  p.  m.  The  Aqueduct,  by  which  the  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Canal  are  carried  across  the  Potomac,  will  repay  inspection.  It  is  1,446  O..  long  and 
86  ft.  high,  with  9  granite  piers,  and  cost  $2,000,000.  There  is  a  carriage-way 
above  the  water-course.  The  canal  extends  184  m.  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  cost 
$18,000,000.  Oak  HW  CeaHery,  on  the  N.  E.  slopes  of  the  Heights,  though  con- 
taining but  SO  acres,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  country.  It  contains  an 
elegant  Gothic  chapel  with  stained-glass  windows  and  completely  overgrown  with 
ivy ;  the  massive  marble  mausoleum  of  W.  W.  Corcoran ;  and  several  notable  mon- 
uments. Many  eminent  men  are  buried  here,  among  them  Secretary  Stanton  and 
Chief-Justice  Chase. 

Arlligtw  HMue,  once  the  residence  of  George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  the  last 
flurvivor  but  one  of  the  Washington  family,  and  later  of  Gen.  Robert  K.  Lee,  occu- 
pies a  commanding  position  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac,  nearly  opposite 
Georgetown.  It  stands  more  than  200  ft.  above  tide-water,  and  the  view  from  the 
portico  is  among  the  best  this  part  of  the  river  affords.  The  lower  rooms  of  the 
mansion  are  open  to  the  public,  but  contain  nothing  of  interest,  the  collection  of 
pictures  and  relics  having  been  removed.  In  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  s 
register  is  kept  for  visitors,  and  a  record  of  all  who  are  buried  in  the  National  Cem- 
eteries now  located  on  the  place.  Near  the  house,  and  bordering  the  drive  ap- 
proaching from  the  S.,  are  the  graves  of  a  number  of  officers  who  died  during  the 
war.  Close  by  is  a  low,  massive  granite  monument  under  which  is  a  vault  contain- 
ing the  bones  of  2,111  unknown  soldiers,  gathered  after  the  war  from  the  battle- 
fields between  Bull  Run  and  the  Rappaiixannook.  Near  this  is  an  amphitheatre 
with  sittings  for  6,030  persons,  where  are  i^eld  the  annual  services  of  Decoration- 
day.  The  graves  of  the  white  soldiers  are  W.  of  the  house;  those  of  the  colored 
troops  and  refugees  about  j  m.  N.  There  are  about  15,000  in  all.  In  the  eastern 
division  of  the  first  Cemetery,  within  a  small  inclosure,  are  the  monuments  of 
George  Washington  Parke  Cnstis  and  his  wife  Mary  L.  Custis.  Arlington  may  be 
reached  by  way  of  the  Long  Bridge,  or  by  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  from  Georgetown. 

AlexMiriB  is  situated  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Potomac  7  m.  below  Washington  (reached 
by  railroad,  or  by  ferry-boats  hourly  from  7th  St.  wharf).  It  is  a  quaint  old  town, 
dating  from  1748,  and  is  intimately  associated  with  the  life  and  name  of  Washing- 
ton. In  GhrUt  Uhureh  (cor.  Washington  and  Cameron  Sts.)  the  pew  in  wiiich  he 
sat  (No.  59)  is  an  object  of  much  interest.  Pew  No.  46  was  occupied  by  General 
Robert  E.  Lee  when  he  resided  at  Arlington  before  the  war.  The  Museum,  Oourt- 
House,  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  and  Theological  Seminary,  are  among  the  prominent 
buildings.  On  the  outskirts  of  the  city  is  a  National  Cemetery  ic  which  nearly 
4,000  soldiers  are  buried. 

MtHt  VenM  is  16  m.  below  Washington,  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac,  and 

is  reached  by  steamers  which  leave  the  7th  St.  wharf  daily  at  10  a.  m.  (fare  for  the 

-  round  trip,  including  admission  to  the  grounds,  $1.60).    The  sail  down  the  river  ia 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY. 


61 


but  2  m.  from 
with  whicb  it 
autiftally  sitn- 
;oraao  Valley^ 
d,  and  was  in- 
of  steamships 
is  Georgetown 
ning  (founded 
IS  belonging  to 
oontr'I  of  the 
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tte  St.  near  the 
America.    It 
nitted  between 
sapeake  &  Ohio 
146  ft.  long  and 
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1,  Md.,  and  cost 
ts,  though  con- 
It  contains  an 
)vergrown  with 
al  notable  mon- 
try  Stanton  and 

Cnstis,  the  last 
rt  E.  Lee,  ocon- 

nearly  opposite 
e  view  from  the 
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Superintendent  s 
e  National  Oem- 
ag  the  drive  ap- 

died  daring  the 
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from  the  battle- 
an  amphitheatre 
IS  of  Decoration- 
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In  the  eastern 
i  monuments  of 
rlington  may  be 
m  Georgetown, 
ihington  (reached 
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ime  of  Washing- 
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ipied  by  General 
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'  in  which  nearly 

the  Potomac,  and 
,  H.  (fare  for  the 
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•^clightAil,  and  affords  excellent  views  of  the  conntry  around  Wa8hingt<.>n.  Mount 
V^ernoL,  then  known  as  the  "Hunting  Creek  estate,"  was  bequeathed  by  Angaatine 
Washington,  who  died  in  1748,  to  Lawrence  Washington.  The  latter  named  it  after 
Admiral  Vernon,  under  whom  he  had  served  in  the  Spanish  wars,  and  for  whom  he 
cherished  a  strong  affection  George  Washington  inherited  the  estate  in  1752.  The 
central  part  of  the  mansion,  which  is  of  wood,  was  built  by  Lawrence  and  the 
wings  by  George  Washington.  It  contains  many  interesting  historioal  relics,  among 
which  are  the  key  of  the  Bastile,  presented  by  Lafayette,  portions  of  the  military 
and  personal  furniture  of  Washington,  portraits,  and  Rembrandt  Peale's  painting 
of  "Washington  before  Yorktown."  The  Tomb  of  Wcuhington  stands  in  a  retired 
situation  near  the  mansion.  It  is  a  plain  but  solid  brick  structure,  with  an  iron 
gate,  through  the  bars  of  which  may  be  seen  the  marble  sarcophagi  containing  the 
remains  of  George  and  Martha  Washington.  The  Mount  Vernon  domain  (includ- 
ing the  mansion  and  6  acres),  which  had  remained  since  the  death  of  Washington  in 
the  possession  of  his  descendant!),  was  purchased  in  185A  for  the  sum  of  $200,000, 
raised  by  subscription,  under  the  auspices  of  the  "  Ladies'  Mount  Vernon  Associa- 
tion," aided  by  the  efforts  of  Edward  Everett.  It  is,  therefore,  and  will  continue  to 
be,  the  property  of  the  nation. 

NEW  TOiUC  TO  AIJBANT. 

(r<aite«inernptheHadaon  SWer.  Dt«tanoe,148in.  Time,  10  hn.  Vsre,  |8.  Tbo  d»T-baat«  start  from 
the  pier  foot  of  Testnr  Bt  at  8.46  A.  M.  and  from  84th  Bt.  B  mtnutes  later.  The  nlght-boata  flrom  foot  of  Canal 
8t  at  4  F.  M.  Alao  ma  Hndaon  Kiver  B.  U.  DIatanoe,  144  m.  Time,  6  bra.  Fare,  |8.10.  The  ataamer  glvea 
the  better  opportunity  for  Tlowtog  the  aoenery).  -^^^ 

This  journey  will  afford  the  traveler  advantageous  views  of  some  of  the  most 
picturesque  scenery  in  America.  The  Hudson  has  been  compared  to  the  Bhine, 
and  what  it  lacks  in  crumbling  ruin  and  castle-crowned  steep  it  more  than  makes 
up  by  its  greater  variety  and  superior  size.  George  William  Ourtis  says  of  it :  "  The 
Danube  has  in  part  glimpses  of  such  grandeur,  the  Elbe  has  sometimes  such  deU- 
oately-penciled  effects ;  but  no  European  river  is  so  lordly  in  its  bearing,  none  flows 
in  such  state  to  the  sea." 

The  first  few  miles  uf  the  steamer's  course  afford  fine  views  of  the  harbor  and 
city,  of  the  Jersey  shore,  and  the  northern  suburbs.  Before  the  city  is  fairly  left 
behind,  the  Palitade*  lo6m  up  on  the  1.,  a  aeries  of  grand  precipices  rising  in  many 

S>laoes  to  the  height  of  800  ft.  and  stretching  in  unbroken  line  along  the  river-bank 
or  more  than  20  m.  The  rock  is  trap,  columnar  in  formation,  and  the  summit  is 
thickly  wooded.  In  striking  contrast  with  the  desolate  and  lonely  appearance  of 
these  cliffs,  the  right  bank  presents  a  continuous  succession  of  beautiful  villas  stand- 
ing in  the  midst  of  picturesque  and  exquisitely-kept  grounds,  with  a  frequent 
sprinkling  of  villages  and  hamlets.  Yonkert  (17  m.)  is  a  Tiashionabk  suburban  town 
beautifully  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neperan  or  Saw-Mill  River.  It  is  an  an- 
cient settlement,  and  was  the  home  of  the  once  famous  Phillipse  family,  of  which 
was  Mary  Phillipse,  Washington's  first  love.  The  Manor-House,  a  spacious  stone 
edifice  built  in  1682,  is  still  to  be  seen.  In  1777  a  navd  action  occurred  in  front  of 
Yonkers  between  the  American  gunboats  and  the  British  frigates  Ross  and  Phoenix. 
Piermont  (22  m.)  is  on  the  1.  bank  at  the  end  of  the  Palisades;  it  takes  its  name 
from  a  pier  1  m.  long  which  runs  out  from  the  shore  to  the  deep  channel.  Three 
m.  8.  W.  of  Piermont  is  the  old  town  of  lappan,  interesting  as  having  been  one  of 
Washington's  chief  headquarters  during  the  Hcvolution,  and  also  as  tlie  spot  where 
Major  Andr6  was  imprisoned  and  executed.  The  house  occupied  by  Washington 
and  the  Jail  of  the  ill-fated  officer  are  still  in  good  preservation.  On  the  r.,  2  m. 
above  Piermont,  is  the  residence  of  Mr.  Gottinet,  built  of  Caen  stone,  and  said  to  be 
the  most  elegant  house  on  the  river.  Just  above,  still  on  the  r.,  is  Irvington,  named 
in  honor  of  Washington  Irving,  whose  unique  little  stone  cottage,  Sunnyside,  is 
olose  by,  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  but  hidden  from  view  by  the  dense  growth  of 
trees  and  shrubbery.  The  steamer  has  now  entered  the  famous  Tappan  Zee,  in 
which  the  river  broadeis  out  into  a  beautiful  lake  10  \n.  long  and  8  m.  wide  at  the 
widest  part,  surround'  i  by  picturesque  and  pleasing  scenery.    Upon  a  high  prom- 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CiTiES. 


ontory  to  the  r.  stands  the  Paulding  Afaiior,  the  most  conspicuous  dwelling  on  the 
lower  Hudson.  It  is  of  wliite  inarlilc  in  tlio  pointful  Tudor  style.  One  and  a  half 
in.  above  is  Tarnjtnwn,  a  prosperous  town  wliieli  1ms  ninny  attractions  historical  as 
well  as  scenic.  It  whs  at  a  spot  now  in  the  lieart  of  the  town  tliat  Andr^  was 
arrested,  and  Tarrytown  witnessed  ninny  stormy  tiglits  between  iruerriJIas  on  both 
sides  during  tlie  Uevolutlon.  It  taJces  its  cliief  interest,  liowever,  from  its  associa- 
tion with  Irving'b  life  and  memory.  Mere  is  tlio  cliun'h  wliich  he  attended  and  of 
which  lie  was  warden  at  tlie  time  of  liis  death,  here  lie  is  liiiried,  and  near  b;  are 
the  scenes  of  some  of  liis  happiest  fancies.  Opposite  Tarrytown  is  Nyack,  a  pretty 
little  town  prettily  situated.  Hing  Sing  (88  m.)  is  on  tlie  r.  lianlc,  occ' pying  an 
elevated  slope,  and  iiialces  a  flue  appearance  from  the  river.  Tlie  State  Prison  is 
located  here,  and  its  liuge  stone  buildings  are  conspicuous  objects.  Many  flue 
country-seats  crown  the  heights  nliove  and  around  King  Hing ;  and  4  m.  above  is 
Groton  Point,  a  prominent  headland  dividing  the  Tappnn  Zee  from  Hnverstraw  Bay, 
another  lake-like  widening  of  the  river.  Passing  this  p.iint,  the  Highlands  begin  to 
be  visil)le  in  the  distance.  At  the  head  of  Haverstraw  Bay  are  Stony  Point,  on  the 
1.,  a  rocky  peninsula  on  which  are  a  ligl  Jiouso  and  the  ruins  of  an  old  Revolutionary 
fort,  and  VerpUmek'*  Point,  on  the  r.,  notable  as  the  spot  whej'e  Ilondrick  Hudson's 
ship,  the  Half  Moon,  flrst  came  to  anchor  atlor  leaving  Yonkors.  Peekskill  (48  m.) 
is  a  flourishing  town  at  the  raoutli  of  the  Peekskill  or  Annskill  Greek.  Opposite 
is  Caldwell's  Landing,  memorable  for  the  search  so  seriously  and  actively  made  for 
the  treasure  which  the  famous  Captain  Kidd  was  supposed  to  have  secreted  at  the 
bottom  of  the  river  here.  liemains  of  the  apparatus  used  for  this  purpose  are  still 
visible.  At  this  point  the  river  makes  a  sudden  turn  to  the  W.,  which  is  called  the 
Race. 

We  have  now  reached  the  Highlands,  and  for  the  next  16  m.  the  scenery  is  un- 
surpassed in  the  world.  On  the  1.  is  Dunderherg  Mountain,  and  at  its  base  a  broad 
deep  stream  which,  a  short  distance  above  its  month,  makes  its  descent  to  the  river 
in  a  beautifi'.i  cascade.  On  the  r.  is  Anthony^t  Note,  a  rocky  jiromontory  rising  to 
the  height  jf  1,128  ft.,  and  who.se  base  has  been  tunneled  by  the  railway  a  length 
of  200  ft.  Two  m.  above  (on  the  r.)  is  Sugar- Loaf  Mountmn,  with  an  elevation  of 
866  ft.  Near  by,  and  reaching  far  out  into  the  river,  is  a  sandy  bluff  on  which 
Fort  Independence  once  stood.  Farther  on  \»Iona  Island,  and  in  the  extreme  dis- 
tance Bear  Mountain.  Buttermilk  Falls  now' come  into  view  on  the  1.,  descending 
over  inclined  ledges  a  distance  of  100  ft.  Just  above,  in  the  heart  of  the  Highland 
Pass,  is  Cozzens's  Hotel,  a  spacious  and  elegant  summer  hotel,  situated  on  a  high 
blnfl:  West  Point  (51  m.),  on  account  of  its  famous  military  school' and  historic 
associations,  and  for  its  varied  scenic  attractions,  is  one  of  the  most  charming  places 
on  the  Hudson,  and  the  traveler  should  stop  here  for  a  day,  at  least,  if  he  have 
time.  The  buildings  occupy  a  broad  jilateau,  150  ft.  above  the  river,  and  are 
reached  by  a  steep  and  costly  road  cut  out  of  the  solid  cliff- side.  Cro'-Nest,  above 
West  Point,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  is  one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Highland 
group  (1,428  ft.).  It  is  the  scene  of  Rodman  Drake's  poem,  "  The  Culprit  Fay." 
Storm  King  or  Butter  Hill  ("  Boterberg")  is  the  next  mountain-crest,  and  the  last 
of  the  Highland  range  upon  the  W.  It  is  1,529  ft.  high.  Between  Oro'-Nest  and 
Storm  King,  and  in  the  laps  of  both,  is  the  lovely  vnle  of  Tempe.  Cold  Spring,  on 
the  r.,  is  an  exceedingly  picturesque  village.  It  is  built  upon  a  steep  ascent,  and 
behind  it  is  the  massive  granite  crown  of  Bull  Hill.  Beyond  Cold  Spring,  and  still 
on  the  £.  bank  of  the  river,  the  Highland  rnnge  is  continued  in  the  jagged  preci- 
pices of  the  Breakneck  and  Beacon  Hill,  in  height,  resjiectively,  1,187  and  1,686  ft. 
These  mountains  are  among  the  most  commanding  features  of  tlie  river-scenery. 
Cornwall,  a  rugged  and  picturesque  little  place  on  the  1.  bank,  is  the  chief  summer- 
resort  on  the  river.  Here  is  the  end  of  the  Highlands,  and  the  steamer  enters  the 
broad  expanse  of  Newburg  Bay,  on  the  I.  shore  of  wliicli  is  Xexehurg,  a  prosper- 
ous and  beautifully-situated  city  of  18,000  inhabitants.  Newburg  was  the  theatre 
of  many  interesting  events  during  the  Revolution,  and  Washington's  Headquarters, 
an  old  gray  stone  mansion,  S.  of  the  town,  is  still  preserved.  Opposite  is  Fishkill 
Landing,  a  small  but  pretty  village.     Poughkeepsie  (75  m.)  is  the  largest  city  be- 


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)nH  liiHtorical  as 
that  Anilr6  was 
I'rrilhis  on  both 
oin  itH  aHBocia- 
ttc'iided  antl  of 
iind  near  b;  aro 
Nyaek,  n  pretty 
k,  occ;  iiying  an 

State  PriBon  is 

eta.    Many  fine 

id  4  in.  above  is 

luvefMtraw  Bay, 

l^blands  begin  to 

y  Point,  on  th» 

d  Revolntionary 

ndrick  llndson's 

'eekglcill  (48  in.) 

reck.     Opposite 

ctively  made  for 

secreted  at  the 

purpose  are  still 

licii  is  called  the 

le  scenery  is  un- 
its base  a  broad 
icent  to  the  river 
lontory  rising  to 
•ttilway  a  length 
an  elevation  of 
bluff  on  which 
the  extreme  dls- 
;he  1.,  descending 
of  the  Highland 
aated  on  a  high 
hool'and  hisrorio 
;  chaniiing  places 
least,  if  he  have 
le  river,  and  are 
Crd'-Neat,  above 
.  of  the  HigMand 
'he  Culprit  Fay." 
rest,  and  the  last 
in  Cro'-Nest  and 
Cold  Spring,  on 
steep  ascent,  and 
I  Spring,  and  still 
the  jagged  preci- 
187  and  1,685  ft. 
the  river-scenery, 
he  chief  summer- 
3amer  enters  the 
ohurg,  a  prosper- 
;  was  the  theatre 
f  s  Headqaarters, 
posite  is  Fithkill 
le  largest  city  be- 


ALBANT. 


08 


tween  New  York  and  Albany,  and  has  22,000  inhahitantt.  Its  situation  is  com- 
manding and  attractive,  and  the  city  makes  a  fine  appearance  from  the  river. 
Here  are  Vassar  C-ollege  and  other  famous  educational  institutions.  Above  Pongh- 
keepsie,  on  either  bank,  are  many  pleasant  towns  and  fine  country-seats,  among  the 
latter,  Kokeby,  the  estate  of  the  late  William  K.  Astor,  and  Montgomery  Place,  the 
residence  of  Edward  Livingston,  and  one  of  the  tinest  on  the  Hudson.  Cattkill 
(110  m.)  is  the  point  whore  we  leave  the  river  to  vi'iit  the  celebrated  Catskill  Moun- 
tains, which  for  10  m.  have  been  looming  up  grandly  on  the  I.  Hudson  (115  m^  is 
a  flourishing  town  of  18,000  inhabitants,  finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank.  Tlie 
heights  back  of  the  town  command  noble  views  of  the  Catskill  Mts.  Between  Hud- 
son and  Albany  there  is  nothing  to  call  for  special  mention,  though  the  scenei'y  still 
remains  pleasing.  _ 

AIAANT. 

Httehi  Delatan  House  ((14.60  a  day),  in  Broadway,  near  the  R.  R.  depot;  Con- 
greu  Hall  (|4  a  day),  near  the  Capitol ;  Stanwix  Hall  (|8  a  day) ;  American  ;  City. 

ALBANY,  the  capital  of  New  York  State,  is  finely  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Hudson  River  at  the  head  of  sloop-navigation,  and  near  the  head  of  tide- 
water.   It  was  founded  by  the  Dutch,  first  as  a  trading-post,  on  Castle  Island, 


Albany  ftom  Greenbnili. 


directly  below  the  site  of  the  pr3Bent  city,  in  1614.  Fort  Orange  was  built  where 
the  city  now  stands,  in  1628,  and,  next  to  Jamestown  in  Virginia,  was  the  earliest 
European  settlement  in  the  original  18  States.  The  town  was  known  as  Beaver 
WyoK,  and  as  Williamstadt,  before  it  received  its  present  name  in  honor  of  the 
Duke  of  York  and  Albany  (afterward  James  II.),  when  it  fell  into  the  possession  of 
the  British  in  1664.  It  was  chartered  in  1686,  and  made  the  State  capital  in  1798, 
since  which  time  the  population  has  increased  from  5,849  (in  1800)  to  above  80,000 
in  1876.  Albany  has  a  large  commerce,  from  its  position  at  the  head  Of  navigation 
on  the.  river,  as  the  entrepfit  of  the  great  Erie  Canal  from  the  W.,  and  the  Cham- 
plain  Canal  from  the  N.,  and  as  the  centre  to  which  several  important  railroads  con- 
verge.   The  boats  of  the  canal  are  received  in  a  great  basin  constructed  in  the 

6 


New  Cnpltol. 

menced  in  1871,  and  is  slowly  riting.  It  is  of  Maine  granite,  in  tlio  lienait-Hance 
style,  and  when  completed  will  be  the  largest  and  most  splendid  edifice  in  America, 
exceptin}r  the  Federal  Capitol  at  Washington.  Its  site  is  on  the  most  elevated 
(ground  in  the  city,  nnd  its  tower,  320  ft.  high,  will  he  visible  for  many  niiks 
around.  The  State  Lihrary,  a  handsonie  fire-proof  building,  fronting  on  State 
St.,  in  rear  of  the  old  Capitol,  conta'ns  86,000  volumes,  ind  an  interesting  col- 
lection of  curiosities  nn-'.  historicnl  relics,  including  Washington's  dress-sword 
and  pistol.  State  Hall,  in  Eagle  St.,  built  of  white  marble  in  1843,  at  i  cost 
of  $350,000,  contains  several  of  thu  principal  offices  of  State.  The  City  B  il,  in 
Eagje  St.,  foot  of  Washington  Ave.,  a  beautiful  struc'-ire  of  whiio  mf.^^'y,  was 
finished  in  1832.     It  is  100  ft.  f/orc  bv  80  ft.  deep,  8  stories  Ugh,  and  ht  j  a  recessed 

fortico  in  front  of  the  second  and  third  stories,  supported  by  six  Ionic  columns, 
n  S.  Pearl  St.  is  the  new  Citi/ Building,  erected  in  1870  at  a  cost  of  <!200,000, 
and  containing  various  ofPces  of  the  city  government.  The  Mercbantt'  Exchamge  is 
a  BubstantiAl  structure  at  the  foot  of  State  St.  The  State  Arsenal,  cor.  Eagle  and  Hud- 
son Sts.,  is  a  large,  gloomy  svructnre  in  the  sastellated  style.     Dudley  O^iertatory, 


ilHoine  iron-tniHH 
■liiiDKo  St.  The 
neein«. 

iglit  crowned  by 
/,  11  plain  hrown- 

irtiicd    IM  Houn  AH 

ho  old,  watt  ooni- 


mmmmm 


in  tlio  HenaibHance 
edifice  in  America, 
the  most  elevated 
)le  for  many  miles 

fronting  on  State 
an  interesting  col- 
gton's  dres8-8word 
in  1843,  at  i  cost 
.  The  aty  B  il,  in 
whiio  m''.i;lu,  WBB 
,  and  hi  J  a  recessed 
six  Ionic  columns, 

a  cost  of  #200,000, 
chants'  Exi-ha/twe  is 
Ror.  Eagle  and  Hud- 
7udley  Ohtermfory, 


ALBANY    10  R0CHIC8TER  AND  HIKKALO. 


M 


fonndod  nnd  lilierally  endowed  hy  Mrs.  HIandina  l>ud)ey,  xfundfi  on  Obncrvntory 
Hill,  near  the  N.  liniitK  of  the  city.  It  has  u  valuable  upeciai  lilirary,  ,ind  wime  fine 
instruments.  The  AMicaf  CoUffje,  cor.  Kagle  and  Jay  Sts.,  ii*  a  |>ri)N|>oroUH  institu- 
tioUf  with  an  extensive  tnuseirm.  The  Law  Sc1kh)I  of  the  Alltany  Tniversity  Is  near 
l»y,  and  is  tuio  of  the  bent  in  the  countrv  The  State  Normal  Srfiool,  "for  the  edu- 
cation and  practice  of  teiicherM  of  conim<  ~  schools  in  the  science  of  education  and 
the  art  (if  teaching,"  stands  on  the  cor.  t  Lodge  and  Howard  Stn.  The  Young 
Mfn'n  Atnoeititioii,  HH  State  St.,  has  a  library  of  i'2,0()fi  volumes  and  a  well-su)>plied 
reading-room.  Amnrntireii'  Library  has  fi,00(»  volumes.  'I'he  Ahutiy  IriKtitutf, 
organized  in  I70f,  lias  lt,000  volumes.  The  edifice  in  State  St.,  where  are  deposited 
the  jaiblic  collections  in  Natural  ll'story,  (leology,  and  Agriculture,  is  most  inter- 
esting. Of  the  r>4  churches  in  the  city,  the  Citbfdnil  of  the  iHaarilatc  &wf*|rtl«i,  in 
Kagle  St.,  and  tiie  Ghurrh  of  St.  Jo»eph,  cor.  Ten  Broeck  and  2d  Sts.,  are  th'^  most 
pronnnent  structures.  The  Cathedral  has  sittings  for  1,000  persons,  and  a  powerful 
organ.  The  staiued-glass  windows,  by  (Jil>8on,  of  Now  York,  are  among  tlio  richest 
in  the  country.  St.  Peter^n  (Episcopal),  cor.  Lodge  and  State  Sts.,  is  n  handsome 
structure,  in  the  Gothic  stvle,  and  has  a  service  of  coniinunion-plato  j)resented  by 
Queen  Anne  for  the  OnotuJaga  Indians.  The  Penitentwry,  situated  W.  of  the  city, 
about  1  tn.  from  the  (!apitol,  is  a  model  prison,  conducted  on  (he  contract  system, 
and  the  only  one  in  the  State  which  is  self-sustaining.  « 

In  the  N.  part  of  the  city,  extending  from  Broadway  to  the  river,  surrounded  by 
extensive  and  beautiful  grounds,  is  the  ¥•■  ReuMlarr  Maner-HoaHC,  one  of  the  most 
attractive  town  residences  in  the  State.  It  is  more  than  200  years  since  the  man- 
sion of  the  first  I'atroon  was  erected  ujiou  this  spot,  anri  po/tions  of  the  present  house 
wore  built  in  17(S5.  Above  the  city,  on  the  flats,  is  the  Sehuyhr  Haute,  an  exceed- 
ingly plain  and  antiijuated  dwelling.  Here  resided  Colonel  Ptter  Schuyler,  the  first 
Mayor  of  Albany,  the  Indian  commissioner  who  took  four  Mohawk  sachems  to  Eng- 
land and  presented  them  to  Queen  Anne.  The  house  was  burned  down  in  1759,  and 
immediately  rebuilt,  jjortions  of  the  original  walls  ren>aining.  In  18B0,  the  old 
bnrial-grounds,  penitentiary-grounds,  aluishouse  farm,  and  Wnshington  parade- 
ground,  in  the  W.  jmrt  of  the  city,  were  set  apart  for  a  public  park,  to  be  known  as 
"  Washington  Park ;  "  but  little  work  on  it  has  yet  been  done.  Albany  Jtvral  Cemr- 
tery,  a  ])Ieasnnt  burial-ground,  lies  N.  of  the  city,  (treenlmish  is  a  populous  sub- 
urb on  the  oj)posite  side  of  the  river. 

While  in  Albany,  the  traveler  should  embrace  the  opportunity  t-  visit  'Vnj  (fl 
miles  above),  a  beautiful  city  of  46,000  inhabitants,  noted  for  its  extensive  m.iiiu- 
factnres,  which  include  iron-works  on  the  largest  scale,  car-works,  and  cotton,  wool- 
en, iiosiery,  and  shoe  factories.  There  are  several  fine  churches  and  public  buildings, 
and  many  liandsome  private  residences.  The  buildings  of  St.  Joseph^s  Theological 
Seminary,  on  Mt.  Ida,  E.  of  the  city,  are  noble  specimens  of  Byzantine  archit  scture. 
The  great  Waterdiet  Amennl  is  also  situated  here ;  there  are  40  buildings  in  r.  park 
of  lOi'J  acres.     Troy  is  reached  from  Albany  by  either  steam  or  horse  ears. 


AUBANT  TO  ROOHESTBR  AND  BUFFALO. 

(  Via  New  York  Central  K.  E.,  distance  22i*  and  2»h  in,  rospocHvely.) 

The  New  York  Central  R.  R.  traverses  from  E.  to  W.  the  entire  length  of  the 
Empire  State,  passing  through  the  rich  midland  counties.  It  has  two  termini  nt  the 
eastern  end,  one  at  Albany  and  the  other  at  Troy,  the  branches  meeting  after  17  m. 
at  8-henec.tady.  It  then  continues  in  one  line  to  Syracuse,  148  m.  from  Albany, 
where  it  again  divides  and  is  a  double  route  for  the  remainder  of  the  way :  the 
lo.ver  line,  via  Auburn  and  Canandaigua  being  looped  up  to  the  other  at  Rochester. 
The  upper  route  is  the  more  direct,  and  tiie  one  .ve  shall  now  follow.  The  great 
Erie  Canal  traverses  the  State  from  Albany  to  BuffaJo,  nearly  in  the  same  line  with 
the  railroad. 

Schenectady,  already  mentioned  as  the  point  of  junction  between  the  two  branch 
lines,  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  State,  and  is  distingnished  as  the  site  of  Union 
College,  founded  in  1795.    The  site  of  the  present  town  once  formed  the  council- 


I 


M*»C*»«*  ■»■'»»** -"^ 


...ii^^aiiaiii^^feiMaBlifeiiffera;- 


56 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIE8. 


tfronnd*  of  tlie  MoliawkM.  leaving  Hohenoctaily,  tlio  road  croMr*  the  Mohawk 
Kivor  and  the  Erie  ('Hnal  on  a  bridfto  nearly  l,0(i<)  tl.  long.  LittU  Fall*  (74  m.)  i» 
runiarkHlilv  for  a  Itold  piuMtage  of  tlie  river  and  canal  throiiuh  a  wild  and  inoHt  puit- 
urew|ue  (let^le.  The  fK^enury  indudeN  the  river,  rapida,  and  ciiMcadeK,  the  locks  and 
windiiiKH  of  the  canal,  and  the  bridxea;  and  the  gllnipitoH  far  away  up  the  valley  of 
the  Mohawk  are  cHpecially  beautiful.  VIIm  (00  ni.)  ia  a  larife  and  handaoine  city 
on  the  H.  hank  of  the  Mohawk,  Htanding  upon  the  Hite  of  old  Fort  Hchiiyler.  The 
Htatc  Lunatic  Aityhiin  Ih  located  here,  and  conaiatH  of  auveral  stone  edincea.  The 
munufactiirvH  are  extonxive.  Inm  (110  m.)  ia  a  flouriahing  town  of  11,00<)  in- 
habitants, and  containa  aeveral  fine  buildinga,  the  handaomest  of  which  la  he  Hemi- 
nary.  Oneida  (122  m.)  ia  on  the  ahore  of  Oneida  Lake,  a  beautiful  aheet  of  water, 
abounding  in  HhIi,  and  aurrounded  by  aome  of  the  moat  fertile  and  highly-cultivated 
land  in  the  Htate.  Brnwaw  (148  ni.)  ia  one  of  the  largeat  citiea  in  the  State,  having 
a  population  of  nearly  55,()00.  It  ia  pleaaantly  aituated  on  the  S.  end  of  Onondagk 
Lake,  and  containn  the  moat  extensive  HHlt-inanufuctoriea  In  the  United  8tatea.  It 
ia  famous  oa  the  mooting-place  of  political  and  other  oonventiona.  Ketween  Syra- 
cuao  and  Rocheator,  there  are  7  aniall  towna  which  need  not  be  apecially  mentioned. 
Between  Kochoater  and  Buffalo,  the  only  one  culling  for  notice  la  Bntatia  (201  m. 
from  Albany),  which  ia  the  aite  of  the  Htate  Inatituiion  for  the  Blind,  one  of  the 
finest  structures  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  town  is  laid  out  in  broad  atreeta, 
whioh  are  beautifully  shatled.^ 


ROOBBBTBR. 

Htletat  The   O»horn  House,  in  Main  St.;  the  liraekett  Houie  and  Congreu  Hall 
near  the  R.  R.  depot ;  the  Clinton  Horue,  in  State  St. 

ROCHESTER  is  situated  on  both  aides  of  the  Genesee  River,  7  ni.  from  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Ontario.  Soon  after  it  enters  the  city  the  river  roakea  a 
rapid  descent,  there  being  a  perpendicular  fall  of  06  ft.  near  the  centre,  and  two 
others  of  26  ft.  and  84  ft.  near  the  northern  limit.  It  is  to  the  prodigious  water- 
power  thua  afforded  that  much  of  the  prosperity  of  the  city  is  attributable,  and  it 
contains  several  of  the  largest  tlour-mills  in  the  country.  Other  important  indus- 
tries are  the  pro<liiction  of  clothing,  bootu  and  Jihoes,  engines  and  boilera,  agricultural 
implements,  trees,  and  garden  and  flower  seeds.  The  immen8<f  nurseries  in  which 
these  latter  are  produced  are  well  worth  a  viail;  (reached  by  South  Ave.).  Rochester 
was  first  settled  in  1810,  was  irsorporated  as  a  city  in  1884,  and  in  1876  had  a  popu- 
lation of  81,813.  The  streets  are  nearly  all  laid  out  .'^t  right  angles,  many  of  them  are 
well  paved  with  stone,  and  most  of  them  are  bordered  with  s^ade-trees.  Nearly 
all  th^  dwellings  are  built  separate  from  each  other,  and  surrounded  by  a  bit  of  cul- 
tivated or  ornamental  ground. 

Main  St.  is  the  principal  thoroughfare;  it  is  known  as  Buffalo  St.  in  on^  part  of 
its  course.  Tlie  now  City  Hall,  in  W.  Main  St.,  is  n  handsome  building  of  gray  lime- 
atone,  188  ft.  long  and  80  ft.  wide,  with  a  tower  176  ft.  high.  Back  of  this  is  the 
County  Conrt-Hou»«,  of  brick  with  limestone  trimmings,  three  stories  high.  In  the 
same  vicinity  is  the  new  Free  Academy,  a  large  brick  building  with  Pondstone  tri"i- 
mingb,  4  stories  high.  At  the  cor.  of  Buffalo  and  State  Sts.  are  the  Ptwcn  BilMIiga, 
a  tubular  block  of  stores,  built  of  stone,  glass,  and  iron,  7  stories  high.  In  the 
apper  halls  is  a  fine  collection  of  paintings,  and  on  the  top  is  a  tower  (open  to 
visitors)  from  which  may  be  obtain«)d  a  fine  view  of  the  city  and  its  surroundings. 
Near  the  Powers  E  ildings  ia  the  Arcade,  roofed  over  with  glass  and  containing 
numerous  shops.  The  finest  church  edifice  in  the  oitj  is  St.  PatricVa  CathedrcA 
(Roman  Oatholic),  which  is  in  the  Gothic  style,  of  red  sandstone  trimmed  with  gray 
limestone.  The  IlalTerslty  tf  BMheitcr  was  founded  by  the  Baptists  in  1860,  and 
in  1875  had  9  professors  and  160  students.  It  is  situated  in  the  ^.  part  of  the  city 
(on  University  Ave.),  where  it  has  28^  acres  beautifully  laid  out,  and  occupies  a 
massive  building  of  red  sandstone.  The  library  contains  12,000  volumes,  and  the 
geological  cabinets,  collected  by  Prof.  Henry  A.  Ward,  are  said  to  be  the  finest  in 
the  country.     The  library  and  cabinets  are  deposited  in  a  handsome  fire-proof 


the 


Eri« 

of 

it 

of 

lar( 

a  la 

yea 

ton 


su 


»  the  Mohawk 

^\tlU  (74  m.)  !• 

und  inuHt  pict- 

tlie  lockH  and 

I  tho  valloy  of 

han<lHoiiie  city 

Hcliiivlur.  The 
udillceii.  The 
of  11,000  in- 
I  is    he  Hemi- 

Bheot  of  water, 
ghly-ciilttvated 

le  State,  liaving 

id  of  Onondaga 
ited  Stnteg.  It 
Between  Syra- 

iially  mentioned. 

Batatia  (261  m. 

Hind,  one  of  the 

in  broad  streets, 


il  Congreu  Hall 

r,  7  ni.  trom  ita 
le  river  makes  a 
centre,  and  two 
irodigioufl  water- 
Tibutable,  and  it 
important  indns- 
lilers,  agricultural 
iirseries  in  which 
^ve.)-  Koohester 
1876  liad  a  popu- 
many  of  them  are 
lie-trees.  Nearly 
td  by  a  bit  of  oul- 

8t.  in  on^  part  of 
ing  of  gray  lime- 
ick  of  this  is  the 
ricfl  high.  In  the 
h  sandstone  tri'n- 
B  P*w«n  BilMtagB, 
ies  high.  In  the 
a  tower  (open  to 

its  surroundings. 
9S  and  containing 
itrieh's  Cathedral 
rimmed  with  gray 
;!sts  in  1860,  and 
,  part  of  the  city 
It,  and  occupies  a 

volumes,  and  the 
)  be  the  finest  in 
adsome  fire-proof 


BUFFALO. 


57 


hnllding  recently  flnlnhMl.  There  is,  also  a  Baptist  Thtmloffitial  Srminary,  founded 
in  IHAO.  Its  liiirary  numbers  more  than  10,000  \olunies,  including  4,(HK)  which 
constituted  tho 
library  of  Neiin- 
der,  the  (termini 
chnrch  hiHtori- 
an.  The  Athi-- 
nmum,  in  Butt'ii 
lo  Ht.,  has  11  li- 
brary <»f  20,000 
volumes.  The 
City  Itonpitat 
(ButfaloHt.)hiiM 
a  fine  building 
with  accommo- 
dations for  120 
patients.  .S7. 
Mary''*  UMpital 
(in  Wehi  Ave.) 
is  an  imiiosiii^ 
edifice  or  cut- 
stone  with  ac- 
commodations 
for  1,000  pa- 
tients.     The 


Vit.w  or  Went  Main  HIrcct 


WMtem  House  of  Refuge,  a  Htate  institution,  is  an  extensive  brick  building  sur- 
rounded by  grounds  42  acres  in  extent,  about  1  m.  N.  from  the  centre  of  the  city. 
Other  points  of  interest  are  Mraat  H*|m  Oa^tery,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  group  of 
rounded  hills  in  the  S.  part  of  the  city  (reached  by  horse-carr*) ;  and  the  cut-stone 
Aqueduct,  848  ft.  long  with  <.  channel  46  ft.  wide,  by  which  the  Erie  Canal  is  car- 
ried across  the  Genesee  River. 

The  ficMSM  Fall  are  seen  to  the  best  advantage  from  the  E.  side  of  the  stream. 
The  railroad  oars  pass  about  100  rods  8.  of  tho  most  southerly  fall,  so  that  passen- 
gers in  crossing  lose  the  view.  To  view  the  scene  properly,  the  visitor  should  cross 
the  bridge  over  the  Genesee  above  the  mill,  and  place  nimself  immediately  in  front 
of  the  fall.  By  descending  a  stairway  to  the  bottom  of  the  ravine  the  impressive- 
ness  of  the  view  is  greatly  increased.  The  first  fall  is  80  rods  below  the  Aqueduct, 
and  is  96  ft.  high.  From  Table  Rock,  in  the  centre  of  it,  Ham  Patch  made  his  last 
and  fatal  leap.  The  river  bwlow  the  first  cataract  is  broad  and  deep,  with  occa- 
sional rapids  to  the  second  fall,  where  it  again  descends  perpendicularly  25  ft.  A 
short  distance  below  is  the  third  fall,  which  is  84  ft.  high. 


BUFFAIiO. 


HalHi.  The  best  are  the  Mansion  Houee  and  the  T\fft  House,  in  Main  St.  Good 
ones  are  BonnyU  Hotel,  cor.  Washington  and  Carrol  Sts. ;  and  the  Continental,  near 
the  depot. 

BUFFALO,  the  third  city  in  size  in  the  State  of  New  York,  is  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  BuflTalo  Creek  and  head  of  Niagara  River,  at  the  E.  end  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  possesses  the  largest  and  finest  harbor  on  the  lake.  It  is  also  the  terminus 
of  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  R.  R.,  and  six  other  railroads  connecting 
it  with  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  city  has  a  water-ft'ont  of  about  6  miles,  half 
of  which  is  upon  the  Lake  and  half  upon  Niagara  River.  Its  commerce  is  very 
large,  as  its  position  at  the  foot  of  the  great  chain  of  lakes  makes  it  the  entrepot  for 
a  large  part  of  the  traflSc  between  the  E.ist  and  the  great  Northwest.  During  the 
year  1872  ihe  number  of  vessels  entered  and  cleared  was  10,808,  with  an  aggregate 
tonnage  of  4,678,068  tons.    The  manufactures  are  also  large,  the  most  important 


A8 


llANU-noOK   OV   AMKKM'AN   t'lTIKK 


liuliiK  of  iron,  tin,  l)rnHM,  ami  ctipiici-  wiiri>.  MiiltiiiK  iind  lirvwiiiir,  for  wliicli  the 
(■litiiitt(<  !■«  Iii){lil.v  fiiviiralilf,  lire  fXlt'iixivfly  ciirrictl  on.  Uiitf'iilo  whm  tIrNt  m'ttlvd  in 
|H<)I  ;  it  Ikthiiic  it  iiiiiitiiry  piiMt  iliiriiiK  tin-  Witr  of  IH|'2,  aixi  whh  liiirtit'ii  Uy  »  t'or<< 
lit'  liKliitiiM  Mtiil  KritiNJi  in  |h|4;  utiii  it  whm  iti<'iM'|>i>rMti><l  hm  n  city  in  INilv!.  Sincv 
till*  ciiiniiU'tiiin  of  tlic  Ki'if  Ciiniil  in  IH>iA  itn  growth  Iiiim  itvvu  wry  rapiti,  iiml  in 
IM7I)  it  IiikI  n  |io|iMlatlon  of  1 17.714.     Top.  in  IN7n,  1:14,57:1. 

liutliiio.  ill  llio  iiiiiln,  \h  liiiiiilitonii'ly  Iniilt.  Itx  Ntr<*t<tN  urc  lirotitl  nnd  Ntrni(;lit,  nnd 
for  tlio  iiio?<t  |mr(  liiid  out  iit  rijflit  itnKloM.  Main,  \ia\iitra,  nnd  />rlinr<ir«  Sli.  urv 
tlio  i)rinrl|iiil  liioroii^lifiircM.  'I'lic  xlrt'ctH  In  tlic  niori'  tdi'vutcd  )>ortionH  of  tin*  rity 
nro  iiorilercil  willi  u  |iriit'ii><ion  of  xliudo-trt'oM,  and  tlio  tnoiv  itn|>ortHiit  iivoniio-*  iiHve 
ninny  tiiif  ri'Midom-ox     Slmdf-trvfH  ndorn  tlu'  iiiiMir  i<i|iinri'N,  5  In  all,  n>nii*Ml  rcKpec- 


::1    T* 


♦TtX 


■»'«'x. 


:  tn 


')Mw- 


r  \ 


.if!' 


RulTiilu.  from  tin-  Hplri-  of  llic  Pn'KhvtiTlnn  (^liurrli  In  l)flii»an<  Hln<ol. 

tivoly  Niannra,  I.afayette  I'lnci",  Franklin,  Wiwliinjiton,  Delnwaru  IMacc,  and  Tfrraoo 
Parks.  A  portion  of  tlic  river-front  \x  n  bold  Miitf,  (Id  ft.  al)ovo  the  level  of  the 
rivor,  anil  the  more  elevated  portiom*  atl'ord  tine  views  of  the  city,  river,  lake, 
(Canada  shore,  nnd  tlie  hilly  eonntry  to  the  S.  K.  The  protninent  pnhlic  hnildinf^s 
are:  the  ('lutom-ffoune  nnd  Pont-ffffirt,  n  lnr>te  hut  plnin  freestone  odiHce,  at  the 
cor.  of  Wasliinf^ton  and  KnKle  ^*ts. ;  the  Ntiitr  Arwaal,  a  handsome  tiirretod  structure 
of  stone  in  HataviaSt. ;  thu  State  Armory '\n  V'irjiinia  St.,  a  larjre  |)lain  cdilice  of 
brick;  the  Erif  t'oiinti/  Pfnitrntiary,  a  capacious  building  of  brick  and  stone;  and 
the  General  ffonpital,  in  HiKh  St.,  of  which  only  one  winjj  has  been  erected.  A 
tine  );rnnito  court-house  and  city-hall,  fronting  on  Franklin  St.,  is  in  process  of  con- 
struction, and  is  estimated  to  cost  nearly  $1,000,000.  Several  of  the  bank  buildings 
in  the  city  are  costly  and  inii)osiii)^  oditices,  especially  those  of  the  Eric  County,  the 
Butt'alo  (Uty,  and  the  Western  savings-banks.  'I'iio  most  notable  church  cdiflceo  are  8t» 
PaaPg  Cathedral  (Episcopal),  in  Pearl  St.,  I)uilt  of  red  san''4tono  in  the  early  English 
stylo  and  containing  n  tine  chime  of  bolls;  St.  Jo8fph*8  Cc  >dral  (Roninn  Catholic)  in 
Franklin  St.,  of  blue-stone  trinnned  with  white-stone,  in  tiie  tlorid  Gothic  stylo,  and 
having  a  cliimo  of  42  bells;  St.  Peter^s  (Episcopal)  in  Main  St.  near  (ranklin 
S(inare ;  the  Xorth  nnd  Central  Pre»hyteriun,  in  Main  St. ;  the  Prethyterian  'a 
Delaware  St.,  which  has  a  lofty  spire ;  and  the  Nete  UnhertalUt.  The  loading 
educational  institutions  are  the  Medical  College  of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  in  Main 
St. ;   Canuiug  College,  a  Jesuit  institution,  occupying  a  iiandsome  building  of  stone 


for  wliicli  the 

lirNt  H«'ttlc>(l  in 

lirtifil  \>y  It  turn 

Jill  IMM'i,     Him\ 

Iry  rapiil,  und  tii 

Ind  HtrniKlit,  And 
yeluirar^  Sit.  nre 
JioiH  ((('  tlu<  ritjr 

lilt  IIVOIIIUW  llHVO 

|l,  n>itiiod  rvupec- 


Hiri'ur. 

'liidc,  and  Terruco 
)  the  levt'i  of  tho 

city,  river,  hiice, 

|>ul>liG  Ixiiidinfici* 
ne  oditicf,  at  the 
:urrotod  Hinictiire 

plain  oditici-  of 
l<  and  HtoMv ;  an<l 
hoi'ii  ertcted.  A 
n  jirofC'HH  of  con- 
lie  lianl<  huiidingH 

Erio  County,  the 
roll  cdifloes  are  St. 
the  early  English 
inuin  Catholic)  in 
Gothic  style,  and 
<t.  near  Franklin 
I  Pretht/terian  in 
i*t.  The  leading 
f  Buffalo,  in  Main 
building  gf  stone 


NRW    YORK  TO   BOHTf)N. 


59 


and  hrick  in  Wa»liingtoii  St.  near  Tiipiwr;  St.  Jim>ph^§  I'oihge,  on  the  terrace  in  the 
rear  of  Ht.  .loii«|ih'ii  Ctttliitlral,  a  tlourlNhing  inittltntion,  conducted  hy  the  Chrivtian 
llrotherM;  St.  Mury't  Artvli-ny,  on  the  (•nine  m|uare,  in  Franklin  and  (  liurch  Htn. ; 
the  Hiijfitlo  hVmnU  Aemlfmy,  in  Delaware  Mf. ;  the  lletitheotr  School,  in  I'enrl  Ht., 
a  claAMJcul  acadciny  cNtatillNhed  under  the  patronage  of  the  KpiMcopal  Church;  and 
the  Stiitu  Sormiil  Schmil,  in  North  St.,  a  huttu  and  iinpoi<inK  huilding.  The  Yovng 
.Utn'»  .{uutriution  (cor.  Main  and  Eagle  HtM.)  liaM  a  circulating  lilirary  of  >2H,0()()  vol- 
uiiieM  and  a  well  Miiitplied  readiiig-rooni.  In  the  itaiiiu  liiiildini;  are  the  Hutt'alo  Iliii- 
torical  Miiciety,  witli  a  large  llliraiy  and  cahinetM;  the  Society  of  Natural  McieiiccM 
wliicji  ha^4  a  very  ciiniplete  and  valiiahle  collection  of  iiiineralx,  a  good  hotaiiit^aj  and 
c4iiicho|ogical  caliinut,  and  a  ("Hiiplete  net  of  I'rof  Ward'M  fuNHil  cnHtH ;  the  Acudeiiiy 
of  Fine  ArtM,  which  In  foiintliiig  a  tine  gallery  of  painting  an<l  Hculpfure  ;  and  the  Mo- 
chanicH'  hiMtitute.  Ai^joining  the  library  building  iN.sy.  JiuittM'*  Hull,  where  lectureH, 
concertH,  etc.,  are  given.  The  (l-ittfeiuir  lAhntry  in  a  public  library  for  reference, 
founded  by  a  beiiueitt  of  Seth  (froMvenor,  of  New  York.  It  Im  liberally  endowed, 
and  (M)ntain'«  about  l'2,l)()0  voIumich,  chictly  iiiiriortant  bookii  not  eaHy  of  acccHH  eUe- 
where.  The  Chureh  ('huril;)  Fonnilnfioii  (Epi»copal),  in  KImmIc  Ixlaiid  St.  near 
Niagara,  1m  a  tine  building,  eiiibraciiig  a  home  for  aged  and  ileHtitute  women,  and  an 
orphan  ward.  The  liKjhndf  llomf,  with  an  excellent  building  in  Seneca  St.,  Ih 
ilcMigned  for  the  reclamation  of  fallen  women,  and  Ihih  been  very  NUcceNHful  wince  itn 
organization  in  IH41I.  The  Ifiirt'nlo  Or/ihun  Ani/lum  (I'roteHtant)  Iuih  a  cominodiouH 
buililing  in  Virginia  St.  ;  and  the  .S7.  Viucfiit  Female  Orphan  A»ylinii,vor.\\i\U\\'ui 
and  ElliiMitt  Sin.,  and  the  St.  Jo^eph'n  lioyt'  Orphan  .Uylum,  at  Lund«tone  Hill,  are 
large  and  rtiutcexxfiil  Roman  ('atholii^  iiiHiitiitinnN.  The  Ntat«  luaae  Atylia,  in  proccHH 
of  conHtriu-tion,  will  he  the  largest  inHtitiition  of  the  kind  in  the  United  Htatex  if  not 
in  the  world;  it  will  have  a  front  of  about  'i,7<M)  ft.  The  grounds  attached  to  it 
embrace  20!J  acrcH,  anil  "re  laid  out  in  harmony  with  the  plan  of  the  liutl'alo  Park, 
which  tlioy  ni^oin. 

A  Huporb  public  Park,  or  HyHtom  of  parkx,  has  been  dcHigned  and  laid  out  by 
Fre<lerick  Law  Olmsted,  the  architect  of  C'entral  Park,  in  New  York  Citv.  The 
land  ombracea  about  TiSO  acreu;  and  i.s  divided  into  three  plots,  Hitiiated  in  the 
western,  northern,  and  enntern  parta  of  the  city,  with  broad  boulevarda  connecting 
them,  forming  a  continuous  drive  of  nearly  10  ni.  The  Forent  Lawn  Cemetery, 
bounded  on  two  sides  by  the  park,  is  tastefully  laid  out  and  contains  some  tine 
monuments.  From  Black  Hock,  a  suburb  of  Butt'alo  (reached  by  Niagara  St.),  the 
magnificent  International  Bridge,  completed  in  I87!5  at  a  cost  of  1 1,500,0(10,  crosses 
the  Niagara  liivcr  to  the  Canadian  village  of  Fort  Erie.  Niagara  Fall*  may  bo 
visited  from  Buffalo  (23  m.),  via  Erie  H.  H. 

No  visitor  should  leave  Buffalo  without  having  seen  the  great  canal-basins,  the 
piers,  the  grain-elevators,  and  some  of  the  iron-works.  The  spacious  passenger  de- 
pots of  the  Central  and  Erie  K.  K.  and  the  immense  freight  depots  of  the  same  roads 
are  also  worth  a  visit. 

NEW  TORK  TO  BOSTON. 

(  (7fi  Fall  KivorHtaamer*  and  Old  Colon;  R.H.  DiHlaiice.  WOm.  Time,  lOtolSlioura.  Fare.H  Tlie 
Klvamera  leave  Pier  S8,  North  Klver,  foot  of  Murray  St.,  dally,  SuiidaTfi  excepted,  at  4.80  P.  M.  Ttiere 
are  two  all-rail  nmicK  trom  New  York  to  Bontoo,  rl<i  New  Haven  *  Prtivldenre,  and  W<i  New  Haven, 
Hartford  It  WprliiKlleld,  both  of  which  are  hrleHy  dencrlbed  elHcwhere.  Sea  "New  York  to  New 
Haven,"  "New  H.tvon  to  P.ovldence."  and  "New  Haven  to  Hartford."  There  are  hIko  two  other 
steamboat  roiiten.  The  "  Stonlngton  Line,"  W«  ftoamem  leavlnB  Pier  88,  North  River,  daily,  at  4.80 
P.M.,  and  connoctiDB  at  New  London  with  the  fltonlnKton  &  Providence  R.  R. ;  and  the  "Norwich 
Line  "  of  steamern,  TeavliiK  Pier  40,  North  River,  dally,  and  connecting  at  New  London  with  the  New 
York  A  New  Knglaud  R.  R.    The  flrat  mentioned  la  the  heat  ateamer  route,  and  Ih  here  detcrlbed.) 

The  steamers  Bristol  and  Providence,  of  the  Fall  River  line,  are  among  the  largest 
and  most  splendid  in  American  waters,  and  there  are  few  trips  more  enjoyable 
than  that  part  of  the  present  journey  which  is  made  on  them.  Their  route,  m  leav- 
ing New  York,  is  such  as  to  afford  an  excellent  view  of  the  harbor  and  city,  of 
Brooklyn  and  the  Long  Island  shore,  of  the  islands  in  the  East  River,  of  the  famous 
Hell  Gate,  and  of  the  tranquil  waters  of  Long  Island  Sound.     The  greater  part  of 


VM-.titsinsimimmvi.!  HjiM-iUMmUM.'^v^iMntrjim''^  ^■■' 


60 


HAND-BOOK  OP  AMERICAN  OITIBS. 


the  voyage  is  on  these  waters,  and,  wlien  Point  Judith  is  passed  and  the  turbulent 
Atlantic  entered  upon,  the  steamer's  destination  is  close  at  hand.  One  stopping  is 
made  between  New  York  and  Fall  River,  namely  at  Newport,  which  is  reached  at 
a  very  early  hour  in  the  morning.  Tlie  remainder  of  the  voyage  is  over  the  beauti- 
ful Narragansott  Bay ;  and  at  Fall  River,  which  is  one  of  the  leading  cities  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, espociiilly  noted  for  the  extent  C'f  its  manufactures,  passengers  are  trans- 
ferred to  the  cars  of  the  Old  Colony  R.  R.  From  Fall  River,  the  distance  to  Bosttm 
is  49  m.,  and  the  route  is  through  a  well-cultivated  and  populous  fiirming  country, 
with  no  special  scenic  attractions.  Many  towns  and  villages  are  clustered  along  tiie 
line,  the  principal  of  which  are  Taunton,  another  prosperous  manufacturing  centre, 
and  Quincy,  a  beautiful  old  town,  noteworthy  as  the  home  of  the  Adams  and 
Quinoy  families.  Leaving  Quincy,  the  train  crosses  the  Nepoiiset  River,  runs 
through  Dorchester  and  S.  Boston,  and  soon  enters  the  depot  at  the  cor.  of  Knee- 
land  and  South  8tb.  Tliere  is  another  line  from  Fall  River  to  Boston  via  Bridgewa- 
ter,  which  is  the  same  as  the  one  here  described,  except  that  Taunton  is  not  passed. 


II 


BOSTON. 

BOSTON,  the  capital  of  Massachusetts,  and  chief  city  of  New  England,  is  situated 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  latitude  42°  N.  and  longitude  71" 
W.  The  city  embraces  Boston  proper.  East  Boiton,  South  Boston,  Roxhury,  and 
Dorchester.  Boston  prop  ,  or  old  Boston,  occupies  a  peninsula  of  some  700  acres, 
very  uneven  in  surface,  and  originally  presenting  three  hills,  Beacon,  Oopp's,  and 
Fort,  the  former  of  which  is  about  130  ft.  abce  the  sea.  The  Indian  name  of  this 
peninsula  was  Shawmut,  meaning  "Sweet  Waters."  It  was  called  by  the  earlier 
settlors  Trimountain  or  Tremont.  A  narrow  strip  of  land  called  the  "  Neck  "  joined 
the  peninsula  to  the  mainland ;  this  neck  was  formerly  overflowed  by  the  tide,  but 
has  been  filled  in  and  widened,  and  is  now  thickly  built  upon.  East  Boston  occu- 
pies the  W.  portion  of  Noddle's  or  Maverick's  Island.  Here  is  "he  deepest  water  of 
the  harbor,  and  here  the  ocean-steamers  chiefly  lie.  The  wharf  formerly  used  by 
the  Cunard  steamers  is  1,000  ft.  long.  South  Boston  extends  about  2  m.  along  the 
S.  side  of  the  harbor,  an  arm  of  which  separate*"  it  from  Boston  proper.  Near  the 
centre  are  Dorchester  Heights,  which  attain  an  eievation  of  about  180  ft.  above  the 
ocean,  and  atford  a  fine  view  of  the  ciiy,  bay,  and  surrounding  country.  The  city 
is  connected  with  Charlestown  by  thf  Charles  River  bridge,  1,608  ft.  long,  and  the 
Warren  bridge,  1,800  ft.  long;  and  with  Cambridge  by  the  Weet  Boston  bridge, 
which  crosses  Charles  River  from  Cambridge  St.,  Boston,  and  is  2,756  ft.  long,  with 
a  causeway  3,432  ft.  long.  Craigie's  bridge,  2,796  ft.  long,  extends  from  Leverett 
St.  to  E.  Cambridge;  from  ihis  bridge  another,  1,820  ft.  lorg,  extends  to  Prison 
Point,  Charlestown.  South  Boston  is  reached  by  the  Federal  St.  bridge,  about  500 
ft.  long,  and  the  South  Boston  Bridge,  1,550  ft.  long.  All  these  bridges  are  free. 
A  causeway,  built  across  Back  Bay  oi  a  substantial  dam  If  m.  long,  extends  'rom 
the  foot  of  Beaco''  St.  to  Sewell's  Pf  Int  in  Brookline.  The  harboi  is  a  specious 
indentation  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  eii bracing  about  75  sq.  m.,  including  several  arms, 
such  as  Dorchester  Bay,  South  Lostan  Bay,  and  the  embouchures  of  the  Charles, 
Mystic,  and  Neponset  Rivers.  A  part  of  Charles  River  is  commonly  known  as  Back 
Bay.  There  are  mere  than  50  islands  or  islets  in  the  harbor,  and  it  oflers  many 
picturesque  views. 

The  first  white  inhabitant  of  Boston  was  the  Rev.  John  Blackstone,  supposed 
to  have  been  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  to  have  arrived  in  1628.  Here  he  lived 
alone  until  1680,  when  John  Winthror  (afterward  the  first  Governor  of  Massachu- 
setts) came  acioss  the  liver  from  Charlestown,  where  he  had  dwelt  with  some  ib'low- 
immigrants  for  a  short  time.  About  1685  Mr.  Blackstone  sold  his  claim  to  the  now 
populous  peninsula  for  i30,  and  removed  to  Rhode  Island.  The  first  church  was 
built  in  1632;  the  first  wharf  in  1673.  Four  years  later  a  postmaster  was  appoint- 
ed, and  in  1704  (April  24th)  the  first  n  wspaper,  called  the  Botton  New  Letter,  was 
published.  The  "  Boston  Massacre  "  happened  March  5,  1770,  when  3  persons  were 
killed  and  5  wounded  by  the  fire  of  the  soluiery.     In  1773  the  tea  was  destroyed  in 


l|ll1'Wpj.M 


BOSTON. 


61 


id  the  turbulent 
One  btopping  is 

lich  is  reached  at 
Is  over  iht>  beauti- 
jling  citicii  of  Mas- 
sengors  are  trans- 
listance  to  Boston 

funning  country, 

lustored  along  tlie 

[iifacturing  centre, 

the  A'lftmfl  and 

jiidet  River,  runs 

the  cor.  of  Knee- 
via  Bridgewa- 
iton  is  not  passed. 


inglnnd,  is  situated 

and  longitude  71° 

ton,  Itoxbury,  and 

of  some  700  acres, 

eacon,  Copp's,  and 

idian  name  of  this 

filled  by  the  earlier 

he  "  Feck  "  joined 

;d  by  the  tide,  but 

East  Boston  oceu- 

le  deepest  water  of 

f  formerly  used  by 

out  2  m.  along  the 

proper.     Near  the 

it  180  ft.  above  the 

country.    The  city 

08  ft.  long,  and  the 

dct  Boston  bridge, 

2,766  ft.  long,  with 

ends  from  Lev«»rett 

,  extends  to  Prison 

t.  bridge,  about  500 

se  bridges  are  free. 

loiig,  extends  ♦'rom 

arbor  is  a  spacious 

luding  several  arms, 

^res  of  the  Charles, 

mly  known  as  Back 

and  it  offers  many 

lackstone,  supposed 
328.  Here  h'e  lived 
rernor  of  Massachu- 
It  with  some  i"c!low- 
is  claim  to  the  now 
he  first  church  was 
naster  was  appoint- 
m  Newt  Letter^  was 
rhen  3  persons  were 
ea  was  destroyed  in 


the  harbor,  and  Boston  bore  a  conspicuous  paH  in  the  opening  scenes  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  city  was  incorporated  in  1822,  with  a  population  of  45,000,  which  had 
increased  to  136,881  in  1850,  to  177,840  in  1860,  and  250,526  in  1870.     By  tho 


View  of  Boston  from  the  Harbor. 

recent  annexation  of  the  suburbs  of  Brighton,  Charlestown,  W.  Roxbury,  etc.,  the 
population  has  been  increased  to  841,919  (in  February,  1876).  On  the  9th  of 
November,  1872,  one  of  the  most  terrible  conflagrations  ever  known  iu  the  United 
States  swept  away  the  principal  business  portion  of  Boston.  The  fire  broke  out  on 
Saturday  evening,  and  oonHaued  until  noon  on  tho  following  day,  when  it  was 
brought  under  control,  bni  again  broke  forth  in  consequence  of  an  explosion  of  gas, 
about  midnight,  and  raged  until  7  o'clock  Monday  niorning.  The  district  burned 
over  extended  from  Summer  and  Bedford  Sts.  on  the  8.  to  near  State  St.  on  the  N., 
and  from  Washington  St.  east  to  the  harbor.  About  800  of  the  finest  buildings  in 
the  city  were  destroyed,  causing  a  loss  of  J80,000,000. 

Hatoli,  iMtaimts,  twA  ClibB. — The  most  fashionable  and  best-kept  hotels  on  the 
regular  or  American  plan  are  the  Retere  House  (Bowdoin  Square),  near  the  State 
Ilonec ,  the  Tremont  Hou»e  (Tremont  St.  cor.  of  Beacon),  also  near  the  Stcte-House ; 
the  Evaru  Hovue  ($4  a  day),  at  175  Tremont  St.,  fronting  on  Boston  Common  ;  the 
American  Houte  ($3.60  to  $4.50  a  dt^.y),  in  Hanover  St.,  centrally  located ;  the  St. 
Jamet  ($4  a  day),  on  Franklin  Square,  in  S.  Boston ;  the  Commonwealth  ($4  a  day), 
Washington  St.,  cor.  Worcester,  also  in  S.  Boston;  the  Clarendon  ($8.60  a  day), 
521  and  523  Tremont  St. ;  and  the  United  States,  opposite  the  New  York  and  Al- 
bany depot.  Among  less  ejipensive  houses  are  the  Adams  House  ($2.50  a  day),  871 
Wnshington  St. ;  the  Marlboro  House  ($2.P0  to  $3  a  day),  391  Washington  St. ;  the 
Quiney  House  ($2.50  a  day),  Brattle  bq\.?fe ;  the  Metropolitan  ($2.50  a  day),  Wash- 
ington St.,  near  Dover;  the  Greighton  House  ($2.50),  245  Tremont  St. ;  the  Arling- 
ton ($2.50),  near  the  Northern  depots ;  the  Sturtevant  House,  E.  Boston  ;  and  the 
Waverley  House,  Charlestown.  Of  the  Iiotels  on  the  European  plan,  the  Parker 
House,  in  School  St.,  opposite  the  City  Hall,  is  the  most  famous  in  New  England. 
Other  first-class  ones  are  Young^s  Hotel,  in  Court  Ave.;  the  Cravjfori  House,  cor. 
Court  and  Brattle  Sts. ;  the  Belmont,  in  Washington  St.,  near  Boylston ;  and  the 
Sher  nan,  Court  Square,  near  the  City  Hall.  Rooms  at  these  hotels  are  from  $1  to 
$3  a  day ;  meals  <i  la  earte  in  restaurants  attached  or  elsewhere. 


tiiiiiifti#jiaiiiiiW"»fc'^HlWtll'ii{t'''- 


6S 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


The  restaurant  of  the  Parker  House  is  famous  for  its  good  dinners.  The  Corn- 
hill  Goffee-Home  (Young's),  ia  Cornhill  Road,  leading  from  Washington  St.,  is  an 
excellent  establishment.  Charles  CopelaiuVe,  No.  4  Tremont  How  and  128  Tremont 
St.,  and  Weber's,  TempU  Place,  are  much  frequented  by  ladies.  The  Hotel  Bopl- 
tton  Cafe,  Tremont  noai  Boylston  8t.,  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  city.  Flack's,  i  '" 
Washington  St.,  w  ar  excellent  oyster  and  chop  house ;  and  there  are  numero  is 
lunch-rooms  throughout  the  business  part  of  the  city.  Good  restaurants  are  con- 
nected with  all  the  railway-stations. 

The  Somerset  Club  has  a  fine  granite-front  house  in  Beacon  St.,  elegantly  fur- 
nished. The  Vnion  Club  owns  a  handsome  house  in  Park  St.,  containing  a  valuable 
library  and  paintings.  The  Central  Club  is  housed  in  an  elegant  brown-stone 
mansion  at  the  cor.  of  Washington,  St.  and  Worcester  Square.  All  these  clubs  are 
for  social  purposes,  and  admission  is  obtained  by  a  member's  introduction. 

Ballmd  Diyttg.— The  Lowell  Railroad  Depot  (Causeway  St.  near  Lowell  St.)  is  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  country.  It  is  of  brick  trimmed  with  Nova  Scotia 
freestone,  700  ft.  long  and  205  ft.  wide.  The  train-house  has  a  clear  span  of  120  ft. 
without  any  central  support.  Just  beside  it,  in  Causeway  St.,  stands  the  depot  of 
the  Eastern  Railroad  ;  and  a  few  paces  from  the  latter  is  the  depot  of  the  Fiteh- 
burg  Railroad.  The  /  oston  &  Albany  depot  is  in  Beach  St.,  between  Albany  and  Lin- 
coln Sts. ;  the  depot  of  the  Maine  Railroad  is  on  Hayinarket  Square,  at  the  end  of 
Union  St. ;  that  of  the  Providence  R.  R.  is  on  Pleasant  St.,  at  the  foot  of  the  Com- 
mon ;  that  of  the  Old  Colony  R.  R.  is  at  the  cor.  of  Kneeland  and  South  Sts. ;  and 
that  of  the  Boston,  Hartford  ik  Erie  at  the  foot  of  Summer  St. 

'iodM of  CoDTcyaaeC' — The  horse-car  pystem  of  Boston  is  very  com,  lete,  and  affords 
easy  access  to  all  parts  of  the  city  and  to  most  of  the  suburbs.  Fare  usually  6  c. 
Carriages  are  in  waiting  at  tlu  depots  and  at  stands  in  various  parts  of  the  city, 
and  Boston  hacknen  have  an  eACollont  reputation.  The  fares  are  regulated  by 
law,  and  are  as  follows :  For  1  passenger  per  course  in  city  proper,  $1 ;  from  points 
S.  of  Dover  St.  or  W.  of  Berkeley  S*.  to  points  N.  of  State,  Court,  and  Cambridge 
Sts.,  $1 ;  each  additional  passenger,  50  c.  From  midnight  until  6  a.  m.  double  the 
above  rates.  Complaints  of  overcharges  should  be  made  to  the  Supt.  of  Hacks, 
City  Hall.  Omnibuses  run  from  Nortliampton  St.  to  Charlestown  every  four  min- 
utes ;  from  Summer  St.  to  E.  Cambridge  every  10  minutes.  There  are  2  ferries  to 
Fast  Boston — North  Ferry,  from  Battery  St.  to  Border  St. ;  and  South  Ferry,  from 
Eastern  Ave.  to  Lewis  St.  The  Winisimmet  Ferry  connects  the  city  with  Chelsea. 
The  suburban  and  outlying  towns  may  be  reached  by  steam-cars  on  the  various 
lines  of  railway. 

Streets  and  Drives. — In  the  older  portions  of  the  city  the  streets  are  irregular,  and 
generally  narrow,  though  much  has  been  done  toward  widening  and  straightening 
them  since  the  fire.  Those  in  the  "  West  End,"  and  in  the  section  built  on  the 
made  land  of  Back  Bay,  are  wide,  regularly  laid  out,  and  present  a  handsome  ap- 
pearance. Washington  St.'wthi  principal  thoroughfare  for  general  retail  stores; 
though  Tremont  and  Winter  Sts.  also  contain  a  great  many  and  are  much  frequented. 
State  St.  is  the  financial  centre,  and  contains  the  headquarters  of  the  leading  bank- 
ers and  brokers.  Pearl  St.  is  the  largest  boot  and  shoe  market  in  the  world ;  and 
in  Franklin,  Chauncey,  Summer,  and  the  neighboring  streets  are  the  great  whole- 
sale dry-goods  establishments.  Commonwealth  Ave.,  running  through  the  newer 
portion  of  the  city,  is  one  of  its  finest  streets.  It  is  240  ft.  wide,  and  through  the 
centre  runs  a  long  park  with  rows  of  trees ;  on  either  side  are  wide  driveways. 
The  "  fashionable  quarter  "  of  the  town  lies  between  Canal  St.  and  the  Common, 
and  W.  of  Tremont  and  Hanover  Sts.  Nearly  all  the  streets  in  this  section  contain 
costly  and  elegant  private  residences.  The  beauty  of  its  surroundings  is  such  that 
there  are  pleasant  dr'ves  out  of  Boston  in  almost  any  direction.  The  most  popu- 
lar drive  is  to  and  around  Chestnut  Hill  Reservoir  (5  m.). 

O^cctg  of  AatlqiarlM  Interest — Am^'^g  "  buildings  with  a  hisitory,"  the  most  inter- 
esting in  the  United  States,  next  t  Independence  Hall,  in  Philadelphia,  is  FiuMili 
HtD.  This  famous  edifice,  the  "cradle  of  liberty,"  is  in  Dock  Square,  which  also 
has  an  historical  reputation  because  of  the  meetings  of  the  Revolutionary  patriots  that 


BOSTON. 


68 


r».  The  Com- 
igton  St.,  is  an 
id  128  Tremont 
he  ffotel  Bovl- 
FlaeVi,  i  1.^ 
are  numerojB 
m  rants  are  con- 

t.,  elegantly  fur- 
ining  a  valuable 
nt  bruwn-stone 
1  these  clubs  are 
uction. 

.owell  St.)  is  one 
th  Nova  Scotia 

span  of  120  ft. 
ids  the  depot  of 
)ot  of  the  Fiteh- 
Albany  and  Lin- 

at  the  end  of 
toot  of  the  Com- 
South  Sts. ;  and 

I  lete,  and  affords 

Fare  usually  6  c. 

arts  of  the  city, 

are  regulated  by 

$1 ;  from  points 

:,  and  Cambridge 

A.  M.  double  the 

)  Supt.  of  Hacks, 

1  every  four  min- 

3  are  2  ferries  to 

Jouth  Ferry,  from 

iity  with  Chelsea. 

rs  on  the  various 

are  irregalar,  and 
find  straightening 
ition  built  on  the 
>  a  handsome  ap- 
eral  retail  stores; 
much  frequented, 
the  leading  bank- 
n  the  world ;  and 
the  great  whole- 
rough  the  newer 
and  through  the 

wide  driveways, 
md  the  Common, 
lis  section  contain 
dings  is  such  that 

The  most  popo- 

,"  the  most  inter- 
idelphia,  is  FaMitl 
inare,  which  also 
inary  patriots  that 


Fanenll  Hall. 


were  held  there.  The  building  was  erected  in  1742,  by  Peter  Faneuil,  a  Huguenot 
merchant,  and  by  him  presented  to  the  town.  Its  original  dimensions  were  100  by 
40  ft.  Destroyed  by  fire  in  176',  it 
was  rebuilt  in  1763,  and  enlarged  to 
its  present  dimensions  in  1806.  A 
full-length  portniit  ri  the  founder, 
together  with  the  pictures  of  Wash- 
ington, by  Stuart,  of  Webeter,  by 
llealy,  of  Samuel  Adams,  by  Copley, 
and  portraits  of  John  Quincy  Adams, 
Edward  Everett,  AbTihftra  ^  ■  "oln, 
and  Governor  Andrew,  3<;  ,i  the 
walls.  The  basement  r'  :  e  hall, 
which  was  formerly  a  market,  is  now 
a  series  of  stores.  The  Old  State- 
House,  in  Washington  St.,  at  the 
head  of  State  St.,  was  erected  in 
1748,  and  was  for  half  a  century  the 
seat  of  the  "  Great  and  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts,"  being  the  building 
of  which  such  frequent  mention  is 
made  in  Revolutionary  annals.  It 
has  long  been  given  up  to  business 
purposes,  the  interior  having  Ueen 
completely  remodeled,  and  the  udiiice  surmounted  by  a  roof  which  has  wholly  de- 
stroyed the  quaint  effect  of  the  original  architecture.  Christ  Church  (Episcopal), 
in  Salem  St.,  near  Copp's  Hill,  is  the  oldest  church  in  tiie  city,  having  been  erected 
in  1722.  It  has  a  lofty  steeple,  and  in  the  tower  is  a  fine  chime  of  bells.  The  OM 
Soith  CliHtb,  cor.  Washington  and  Milk  Sts.,  is  an  object  of  much  interest.  It  is  of 
brick,  and  was  built  in  172u,  on  the  site  where  the  first  edifice  of  the  society  had 
stood  since  1669.  The  church  was  used  as  a  place  of  meeting  by  the  heroes  of  '76, 
and,  during  the  British  occupation  of  the  city,  was  used  as  a  place  for  cavalry-drill. 
It  barely  escaped  the  flames  in  the  great  fire,  and  immediately  afterward  was  leased 
to  the  Government  for  two  years  for  a  post-office.  It  will  shortly  be  sold  and  torn 
down.  King^B  Chapel  (Unitarian),  cor.  Tremont  and  School  Sth.,  was  founded  in 
1686,  and  the  present  building,  a  plain  granite  structure,  erected  in  1750-54.  Ad- 
Joining  the  church  is  the  first  burying-ground  established  in  Boston.  In  it  are  buried 
Isaac  Johnson,  "  the  father  of  Boston,"  Governor  Winthrop,  John  Cotton,  and  other 
distinguished  men.  On  the  cor.  of  Washington  and  School  Sts.  is  the  Old  Comer 
Bookstore,  a  building  dating  from  1712.  The  old  North  Burying- Ground,  on  the 
brow  of  Copp's  Hill,  was  the  second  established  in  the  city,  and  is  still  sacredly  pre- 
served. Here  lie  three  fathers  of  the  Puritan  Church,  Drs.  Increase,  Cotton,  and 
Samuel  Mather.     (See  "  Common,"  p.  68.) 

PiMIc  aiHl  PrHilMit  Billdiap. — Tiie  8tat«>HMM  occupies  a  commanding  site  on  the 
summit  of  Beacon  Hill,  overlooking  the  "Common,"  and  is  the  most  conspicuous 
building  in  Boston.  It  was  commenced  in  1793,  when  Samuel  Adams  was  Govern- 
or, and  finished  in  1798,  but  was  greatly  enlarged  in  1855.  It  is  173  ft.  long  and  61 
ft.  deep,  with  a  stately  colonnade  in  front,  and  surmounted  by  a  gilded  dome.  The 
hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  the  Senate-Chamber,  the  rooms  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, and  other  offices  of  state,  are  in  the  State-House.  On  the  entranc«J-floor 
(Doric  Hall)  is  Ball's  statue  of  Governor  Andrew,  busts  of  Samuel  Adams,  Lincoln, 
and  Sumner,  and  a  collection  of  battle-flags.  In  the  rotunda  opening  off  Doric  Hall 
are  Chantrey's  statue  of  Washington,  copies  of  the  tombstones  of  the  Washington 
family  in  Brighton  Parish,  England,  and  many  historical  reli>is.  The  view  from  the 
dome  (open  when  the  General  Court  ip  not  in  session)  is  very  fine,  including  the 
city,  the  harbo:  and  ocean  beyond,  and  an  immense  oxtent  of  country  in  various 
directions.  On  the  terrace  in  front  of  the  State-Hoiist  are  statue"  of  Daniel  Web- 
ster and  Horace  Mann.    The  new  Ptat^MDce,  in  Milk  St.,  cor.  Devonshire  and 


^it>iitwjweft:*ii>*>«H  »■>».. 


j^jitj|iiiiwuiau«»'i»i*ij)  j  'M',n .' 


64 


HAKD-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


Water,  is  of  granite,  highly  ornate  in  style,  and  will  be,  when  fiilly  completed,  the 
finest  building  in  New  England.  It  fronts  200  ft.  on  Devonshire  St.,  and  cost  from 
$2,000,000  to  18,000,000.  The  upper  stories  are  occupied  by  the  U.  ti.  Suh-Tretu- 
ury  ;  the  Ciish-rooni  here  is  very  richly  adorned.     The  Cntaa-Hcne  is  a  large  and 

Btat«ly  granite  structure  in  State  St., 


i 


wT^rv 


jidi:.li^aj 


-^•¥t;:. '  ^d. 


State-HonBe. 


near  the  wharves;  it  was  12  years 
in  building  (1837-49),  and  cost 
11,076,000.  The  form  is  that  rf  the 
Greek  cross,  and  the  building  is  140 
ft.  long,  95  ft.  throngii  t'le  centre, 
and  76  ft.  at  the  ends.  The  portico 
on  either  front  is  supported  by  six 
massive  Doric  columns.  The  Court- 
Houte  is  a  fine  building  in  Court 
S(inare,  fronting  on  Court  St.  It  is 
of  Quincy  granite,  and  is  185  ft.  long 
by  60  ft.  wide.  The  Oty  HaU,  front- 
ing on  School  St.  in  rear  of  the  Court- 
Ilouse,  is  one  of  the  most  imposing 
edifices  in  the  city.  It  is  of  white 
Concord  granite,  in  the  Italian  Re- 
naissance style,  and  is  surmounted 
by  a  Louvre  dome,  109  ft.  high.  It 
was  completed  in  1865,  and  coat 
$505,691.  On  the  lawn,  in  front, 
stands  the  bronze  statue  of  Franklin, 
by  Greenough.  The  County  Jail,  in  Charles  near  Camltridge  St.,  is  an  octagon- 
shaped  granite  building,  with  4  wings,  conducted  on  the  "Auburn  plan."  The 
Beacon  Hill  Reservoir  (City  Water-Works)  is  a  massive  granite  structure,  200  ft. 
long  and  66  ft.  high,  fronting  on  Derne  St.  The  MerehanW  Exchange,  No.  66 
State  St.,  was  noted  for  its  large  siz^  and  massive  architecture;  but  it  was  greatly 
damaged  by  the  fire  of  1872,  and  has  since  lost  much  in  remodeling.  The  MuMle 
TmiH^  cor.  Tremont  and  Boylston  Sts.,  is  a  lofty  structure  of  light-colored 
granite,  highly  ornamental  and  uniq'ie  in  style.  In  the  interior  are  Corinthian, 
Egyptian,  and  Gothic  balls,  besides  banqueting-rooros,  etc.  The  old  Masonic 
Hall,  farther  up  Tremont  St.,  at  the  cor.  of  Temple  Place,  is  now  used  by  the 
United  States  courts.  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  cor.  Tremont  and  Berkeley  Sts.,  is  a 
white  granite  building  of  chaste  and  elegant  design.  The  Sears  BiUdlig,  cor.  Court 
and  Washington  Sts.,  constructed  of  gray  and  white  marble  in  the  Italian  Gothic 
style  (at  a  cost  of  $750,000),  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  city.  The  Hotel  Boylston, 
containing  suites  of  apartments  for  families,  is  a  large  and  h'>nd8ome  building 
»t  the  cor.  of  Tremont  and  Boylston  Sts.,  opposite  the  Masonic  Temple.  The 
IwduiBla'  BalMlag,  cor.  Berkeley  and  Tremont  Sts.,  opposite  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  is 
of  white  granite  in  the  Italian  Renaissance  style,  4  stories  high.  It  is  used  by  the 
Boston  Board  of  Trade  and  the  National  Board  of  Trade.  Other  noteworthy  mercan- 
tile buildings  are  those  of  the  New  York  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.,  cor.  Milk  and  Pearl  Sts. ; 
the  New  England  Mutual  L'fe  Ins.  Co.,  cor.  Milk  and  Congress  Sts. ;  the  Emigrant 
Savings- Bank,  690  Washington  St. ;  the  Brewer  Building,  covering  an  entire  block 
on  Devonshire,  Franklin,  and  T^'ederal  Sts. ;  and  the  Franklin  Building,  cor,  Frank- 
lin and  Federal  Sts.,  in  which  t.'*e  the  publishing-house  of  J.  R.  Osgood  &  Co.  and 
the  printing  establishment  of  RanJ  Avery  &  Co.  All  over  the  burnt  district  mag- 
nificent new  buildings  and  "  blocks  "  iiave  been  put  up,  or  are  in  process  of  erection. 
((■iMy  Market,  situated  just  E.  of  Faneuil  Hall,  is  a  large  granite  building,  680  by  60 
ft.  and  2  stories  high.  Here  may  be  seen  a  profuse  display  of  all  kinds  of  market 
produce. 

neatrcs  aid  FImm  tf  ABneaeit. — The  Boston  Theatre,  Washington  St.,  nenr  West, 
is  a  famous  old  theatre,  the  largest  in  New  England.  The  Olobe  Theatre,  Washing- 
ton St.,  near  Boylston,  is  new,  and  is  the  place  where  operatic  and  star  performances 


le 


completed,  the 
..,  and  cost  from 
iS'.  Sub-Trea»- 
\i  a  large  and 
•e  in  State  St., 
it  was  12  jears 
'49),    and    cost 
■in  is  tliat  rf  the 
building  is  140 
ugh   t:ie  centre, 
lis.     The  portico 
lupported  by  six 
ns.    The  Court- 
lilding  in   Court 
Court  St.     It  is 
nd  is  185  ft.  long 
0  aty  Hall,  front- 
rear  of  the  Court- 
most  imposing 
It  is  of  white 
the  Italian  Re- 
d  is  surmounted 
109  ft.  high.     It 
1866,    and    cost 
lawn,  in  front, 
tatue  of  Franklin, 
t.,  is  an  octagon- 
)urn   plan."    The 
structure,  200  ft. 
Exchange,  No.  68 
but  It  was  greatly 
ling.     The  MatMle 
of  light-colored 
ir  are  Corinthian, 
The  old  Masonic 
now  used  by  tiie 
ierkeley  Sts.,  is  a 
BiUdlig,  cor.  Court 
the  Italian  Gothic 
le  Hotel  Boyhton, 
i'<ndsome  building 
uic  Temple.     The 
l-Fellows'  Hall,  is 
It  is  used  by  the 
>teworthy  mercan- 
[ilk  and  Pearl  Sts. ; 
its.;  t\ie Emigrant 
ng  an  entire  block 
ilding,  cor.  Frunk- 
Osgood  &  Co.  and 
>urnt  district  mag- 
trocess  of  erection, 
tuilding,  680  by  60 
ill  kinds  of  market 

ton  St.,  nenr  West, 
Theatre,  Washing- 
I  star  performances 


BOSTON. 


68 


are  given.  The  Mvteum  Theatre,  in  the  Hoston  Mnsenm  (Tremont  near  School  St.), 
lias  an  excellent  coinpan/  and  select  audiences.  The  museum  also  contains  pict- 
ures, casts,  wbx-flgures,  and  curiosities  from  all  parts  of  the  world ;  admission,  80o. 
The  Howard  Athenmum,  Howard  St.,  near  Court  St.,  is  devoted  to  varieties  and 
negro  minstrelsy.  Mu»ie  Hall,  16  Winter  St.,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country,  and 
contains  the  second  largest  organ  in  the  world,  built  in  Germany,  and  costing  $80,- 
000.  Classic  music  is  performed  here,  and  organ-concerts  are  given  semi-weekly. 
Lectures,  concerts,  and  readings,  are  given  at  Tremont  Temple,  in  Tremont  St.,  op- 
posite the  Tremont  House ;  at  Beethoven  Hall,  in  Washington  St.,  near  Boylston ; 
and  at  Horticultural  Hail,  No.  100  Tremont  St.  Horte-raee*  take  place  at  Beacon 
Pai'k  and  Mystic  Park,  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city. 

Libraries,  Art-GalerieR,  etc— Ti.e  BmIm  PaMte  Ukrary,  in  Boylston  St.,  opposite  the 
Common,  is,  next  to  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  largest  in  America.  It  contains 
over  260,000  volumes,  besides  100,000  pamphlets  and  the  valuable  Tost!  collection 
of  engravings.  The  Library  and  reading-room  are  free  to  all,  but  only  residents  of 
the  city  can  take  books  away.  The  BmIm  AtkcueiB  is  an  imposing  edifice  of  Pater- 
son  freestone,  in  the  Palladian  style,  in  Beacon  St.  near  Bowdoin.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1807,  and  is  one  of  the  best  endowed  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  The  first  story  of  the  building  contains  the  sonlpture-gftUery  (which  in- 
cludes statues  by  Grecnough,  Crawford,  Houdon,  and  numerous  casts)  and  the  read- 
ing-room. The  library  of  96,000  volumes  is  in  the  second  -.t  ory,  and  the  piotnre- 
gallery  in  the  third.  Strkngers  must  be  introduced  by  a  member  in  order  to  set 
access  to  the  library.  Admission  to  the  picture-gallery  (which  is  very  rich  in  comes 
from  the  old  masters,  American  paintings,  antiquities,  etc.),  26c.  The  American 
Academy  of  Arte  and  Seiencee,  incorporated  in  1780,  has  its  rooms  and  its  library 
(15,000  volumes)  in  the  Athenaeum  building.  The  Congregational  Library  (7,000 
volumes).  No.  40  Winter  St.,  is  rich  in  ecclesiastical  literature  and  has  a  good  read- 
ing-room. There  are  also  many  other  libraries  in  Boston  which  we  have  not  space 
to  mention.  Free  reading-rooms  may  be  found  at  the  Young  Merit  Ohrittian 
Union  (800  Washington  St.),  and  at  the  Young  Men't  Chrittian  Auoeiation  (oor. 
Tremont  and  Eliot  Sts.). 

The  Muewn  cf  Ffaw  Arte,  on  Art  Square  (St.  James  Ave.  and  Dartmouth  St.),  is  an 
elegant  new  building  of  red  brick,  elaborately  adorned  with  terra-cotta  bass-reliefs, 
copings,  and  mouldings.  The  halls  on  the  lower  floor  vill  contain  statuary,  oasts, 
and  valuable  collections  of  Egyptian  antiquities  and  sculptures.  In  the  upper  halla 
will  be  spacious  picture-galleries,  and  a  library'.  The  collections  of  the  Boston 
Athenaeum  are  to  be  transferred  to  this  Museunt,  which,  besides,  possesses  some  of 
the  most  valuable  works  of  art  in  the  country.  Art  exhibitions  are  given  in  the 
Studio  Building,  Tremont  St.  next  to  Horticultural  Hall,  and  at  the  rooms  of  the 
Boston  Art  Gluh,  in  Boylston  St.  Good  pictures,  engravings,  etc.,  may  be  seen 
(free)  at  the  sales-galleries  of  Williams  &  Everett,  No.  234  Washington  St. 

Horticultural  Hall,  No.  100  Tremont  St.,  is  an  elegant  structure  of  white 
granite,  whose  front  is  richly  ornamented  with  columns,  statues,  and  carved  cor- 
nices. Annual  floral  shows  are  held  here ;  also  fairs,  concerts,  and  lectures.  The 
magnificent  new  building  of  the  Society  of  Natural  History  is  on  the  cor.  of  Boyl- 
ston and  Berkeley  Sts.  Its  library  numbers  12,000  volumes,  and  it  has  valuable 
cabinets  (open  to  the  public  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday  afternoons).  The  Maaaa- 
chu$ett»  Hietorieal  Society,  30  Tremont  St.,  possesses  a  library  of  19,000  volumes, 
and  many  valuable  MSS.,  coins,  charts,  maps,  portraits,  and  historical  relics.  The 
New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Society,  18  Somerset  St.,  has  a  valuable 
library  and  a  small  collection  of  curiosities. 

ChiKhes. — There  are  upward  of  160  church  edifices  in  Boston,  of  which  the  old 
historical  ones  (Christ,  OM  South,  and  King's  Chapel)  have  already  been  described. 
St  Pad's  (Episcopal),  ftcin),;"  the  Common  between  Winter  and  West  Sts.,  is  of  gray 
granite  in  the  Ionic  stylo,  with  a  portico  supported  by  6  columns  of  Potomac  sand- 
stone. Near  by,  at  the  cor.  of  Park  and  Tremont  Sts.,  is  the  old  Park  Street 
Ghtireh  (Congregational),  founded  in  1809.  It  occupies  a  fine  position,  and  hae  a 
beautiful  spire.    Ac^oining  the  church  is  the  Old  Oranary  Burying- Ground,  in 


AWiiaijiiji 


iiifti<^ujiiii«iii#»i^;ijrj!*'yu. 


^i4>immSStia'i4l^9li^'M.--il'>'!i'i^t!'" — 


66 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERirAN   CITIES. 


whicli  are  buried  Poter  Faneuil,  Samuel  Adams,  John  Hancock,  and  other  distin- 

fnished  men.  Emamul  Chureh  (Episcopal)  is  in  Newbury  Bt.  near  Berkeley, 
he  iirllBgtw  Street  Cbirch  (Unitarian),  in  Arlington  St.,  fronting  the  Public  Garden, 
is  a  IiandHoiiio  freestone  structure,  with  an  excellent  chime  of  bells  in  its  tower. 
The  First  Charch  (Unitarian),  cor.  Berkeley  and  Marlborough  Sts.,  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  in  the  city.  It  has  a  powerful  organ,  stained-glass  windows,  and  the  inte- 
rior is  richly  decorated.  The  society  dates  from  1030.  Close  by,  on  the  cor.  of 
Berkeley  and  Newbury  Sts.,  is  tlio  CeotraJ  CongreitatloMl,  one  of  the  most  ojegant 
churches  in  Now  England.  It  is  of  Roxbury  stone  with  sandstone  trimmings,  cruci- 
form in  shape,  with  rich  stained  windows,  and  a  lofty  stone  s])ire,  240  ft.  nigh.  The 
new  Old  Soatb,  cor.  Boylston  and  Dartmouth  Sts.,  consists  of  a  group  of  buildings — 
church,  chapel,  and  parsonage.  It  is  of  lioxhury  stone ;  the  interior  is  extremely 
ornate,  and  the  tower  is  235  ft.  high.  The  Brattle- Square  Church  (Unitarian),  cor. 
Commonwealth  Ave.  and  Clarendon  St.,  is  of  Roxbury  stone,  in  the  form  of  a  Greek 
cross,  and  very  massive  in  style.  The  campanile  is  176  ft.  high,  surrounded  near 
the  top  with  a  frieze  containing  colossal  statues  in  high-relief,  after  designs  by 
Bartholdy,  Trinity  Church  (Episcopal — Philli])S  Brooks)  is  in  process  of  erection 
at  the  cor.  of  Clarendon  and  Boylston  Sts.  It  will  cost  $760,000,  and  will  be  one 
of  the  largest  and  tiiiost  churches  in  Boston.  Tiie  Methodist  Church,  in  Treniont 
St.  near  Concord,  has  two  spires,  and  is  a  fine  structure.  The  Church  of  the  Immacu- 
late Conception  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Harrison  Ave.  near  Concord  St.,  has  a  fine 
interior  and  is  famed  for  its  music.  The  new  Church  of  St.  James  (Roman  Catho- 
lic), in  Harrison  Ave.,  is  in  the  purest  form  of  a  classical  basilica,  and  the  interior 
is  richly  painted  and  adorned.  Tiie  €iith«dnil  of  the  Hely  Cross  (Roman  Catholic),  cor. 
Washington  and  Maiden  Sts.,  was  begun  in  1867  and  is  still  unfinished.  It  is  in  the 
medieeval  Gothic  stylo,  and  when  completed  will  bo  the  largest  and  finest  church 
edifice  in  New  England.  The  main  spire  will  be  320  ft.  high,  and  will  contain  a 
chime  of  bells. 

Edaratloaal  and  Charitakie  iBstitatlAns. — Though  Harrard  llnlverglt)  does  not,  strictly 
speaking,  belong  to  Boston,  it  will  ho  most  convenient  to  describe  it  here     This 


Matthews  Hall  (^howinfr  also  Marsacbneetts  and  Harvard  Halls). 

venerable  seat  of  learning  is  at  Cambridge,  3^  m.  from  Boston  (horse-cars  from 
Bowdoin  Square).  It  was  founded  in  1638  by  the  Rev.  John  Harvard,  and  em- 
braces, besides  its  collegiate  department,  law,  medical,  dental,  scientific,  and  theolo- 


'»-.*«■»«-';-.-*  r-^  *>'■ 


nd  otiier  distin- 

near  Berkeley. 

Public  Garden, 

ills  in  its  tower. 

one  of  the  most 

ws,  and  the  inte- 

on  the  cor.  of 

he  most  ciegant 

Tinimings,  cruci- 

40  ft.  nigh.    The 

ip  of  buildings — 

rior  is  extremely 

(Unitarian),  cor. 

form  of  a  Greek 

surrounded  near 

after  designs  by 

■ocess  of  erection 

),  and  will  be  one 

nreh,  in  Treniont 

//  of  the  Immacu- 

rd  St.,  has  n  fine 

'«  (Konian  Catho- 

i,  and  the  interior 

an  Catholic),  cor. 

died.     It  is  in  the 

iind  finest  church 

and  will  contain  a 

does  not,  strictly 
be  it  here.     This 


(horse-cars  from 
Harvard,  and  em- 
ntific,  and  theolo- 


B08T0N. 


87 


gical  schools.  In  1876-76  there  were  119  instructors,  and  1,278  students.  The  uni- 
versitv  lands  in  various  parts  of  Cambridge  comprise  00  acres.  The  college-yard 
contains  about  15  acres,  tastefully  laid  out  and  adorned  by  stately  elms.  Ilere, 
forming  a  large  quadrangular  inclosure,  are  clustered  16  buildings,  of  brick  or  stone, 
from  2  to  6  stories  high.  The  most  notable  of  these  are  Matthews  Hall,  a  large  and 
crnate  structure  used  as  a  dormitory;  Massachusetts  Hall,  an  ancient  building 
(dating  from  1720),  used  as  a  reading-room;  Holden  Chaiiel;  Harvard  University, 
Gray,  and  Boylston  Halls;  Appleton  Chapel;  Thayer  Hall,  <^nd  Dane  Hall,  for  the 
law  school. 
Gore  Hall,  be- 
yond the  qua- 
drangle, con- 
tains the  uni- 
versity library 
(180,000  vol- 
umes). Near 
the  college 
yard  are  the 
Gymnasium 
and  the  ZoO- 
logical  Mu- 
seum. About 
t  m.  N.  W.  of 
the  college 
group  is  the 
Botanical  Gar- 
den, contain- 
ing a  valuable 
herbarium, 
and  near  it  is 
the  Observa- 
tory. MtaorUI  Hall,  erected  by  the  alumni  and  friends  of  the  university  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  students  and  graduates  who  lost  their  lives  during  the  civil  war,  is  a 

massive  struct- 
ure of  brick 
and  Nova  Sco- 
tia stone,  810 
ft.  long  by  116 
wide,  with  a 
tower  200  ft. 
high.  It  is 
one  of  the 
finest  college 
buildings  in 
the  world,  and 
cost  1575,000. 
The  Medical 
College,  a  t  - 
tached  to  the 
University,  is 
in  Boston  at 
the  foot  of 
Bridge  St.  Its 
anatomical 
museum  is 
MemorUl  Hall.  worth  visiting. 

Bofton  Univenity  was  founded  in  1869  by  Isaac  Rice,  who  bequeathed  it  $2,000- 
000.    The  plan  of  the  institution  contemplates  schools  for  advanced  students  in 


Harvard  Library- 


68 


HAND-BOOK  OF   AMERICAN   ClTlER 


every  departinenl  of  knowledge.  The  soliouls  of  theology  and  law  and  the  col- 
le(;e  of  niusio  are  already  in  operation.  Botton  College  w  a  Jesuit  inatitution,  la 
Harris,  m  Ave.,  near  Concord  8t.  The  Inttitute  of  Technology,  "  devoted  to  the 
practical  arts  and  Hcienceii,"  baa  an  elegant  brick  and  Htone  Btructure  in  Boylston 
St.,  between  Berkeley  and  Clarendon.  The  New  Englaruf,  Female  Meduj,l  College, 
founded  in  1648,  hud  6  instructors  and  26  pupils  in  1871. 

Of  the  charitable  institutions,  the  Perkim  Inititutim  fo,  the  Blind  is  famous 
all  over  the  world.  It  was  founded  'n  1831  by  Dr.  Samuel  G.  liowc  undei  ./hose 
charge  it  remained  until  hi-^  ^eaih,  and  occupies  spacious  buildings  on  Mt.  Washing- 
ton, S.  Boston.  Near  by  on  the  hill  in  the  Carney  Hoipital,  managed  by  the  Sisters 
of  Charity.  The  Mauar hueetU  General  J/oipital  is  a  vast  granite  structure  on 
Charles  JJiver,  between  Allen  and  Bridge  Sts.  The  City  Jiotpilaf,  in  Harrison 
Ave.,  opposite  Worcostor  .lai;  '>,  is  a  conspicuous  granite  edifico  surmounted  hv  . 
lofty  done,  on  'andir  r.-o  :ids  7  acres  n  extent.  The  .''u  .ne  I/ojj^uai  {iot 
inrc'  '  >• ;.  ne?  '  '"  ^H>'<  ■  j  <  '  i*^  nding  sifr  in  Chelse  and  is  a  spacious  and  state- 
ly bui-.ung.  Ti'=  ' '  ?  iVtJDci  ihepital  is  near  by.  The  Ilouee  of  Indiutry  and 
the  Alnuhougf  ai.'  <>.a  ANi.i  i.  land  in  the  harbor;  and  the  House  of  Correction  and 
Lunatic  J«yt;  n  iv  r-\  l^iwt-.Ji'-. 

Parks  aid  PabHc  i-iivvmr-  T'  princi|ial  of  these  is  BtstN  €•■■•■,  a  park  of  48 
acres  in  the  heart  of  the  citj,  >>>..  .v  \ndeu  by  a  handsome  iron  fence,  and  laid  out  in 
sloping  lawns  and  rambling  walks,  shaded  by  great  numbers  of  mngniiicent  trees. 
The  Common  is  considered  to  date  from  1084,  and  by  the  city  charter  it  is  made 
public  property  forever,  and  the  city  cannot  sell  it  or  change  its  character.  A  pond 
and  fountain,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  "Frog  Pond,"  occupy  a  central  point  in 
the  grounds,  The  Old  Elm,  believed  to  have  existed  before  the  settlement  of  the 
city,  was  for  many  years  one  of  the  principal  Boston  sights.  It  was  much  damaged 
by  storms  in  1860  and  1869,  and  was  finally  blown  down  in  the  gale  of  Jan.  26, 
1876.  It  stood  near  the  pond.  On  Flagsti^  Hill,  near  the  site  of  the  Elm,  is  the 
Soldiers'  Monument,  90  ft.  high.  The  plinth  is  in  the  form  of  u  Greek  cross,  richly 
sculptured ;  and  at  the  four  corners  are  statues  of  heroic  size,  representing  Peace, 
History,  the  Army,  and  the  Niivy.  The  shaft  is  a  Roman-Doric  column,  with  4  alle- 
gorical figures,  representing  the  North,  South,  East,  and  West,  sculptured  in  aito- 
rilievo  around  its  base.  The  whole  is  surmounted  by  a  colossal  figure  of  America, 
standing  ou  a  hemisphere,  guarded  by  4  figures  of  the  American  eagle,  with  out- 
spread wings.  Near  Park  St.  is  the  beautiful  Brewer  Fountain,  of  bronze,  oast  in 
Paris. 

The  Pikllc  Girdea,  which  was  once  a  part  of  the  Common,  is  now  separated 
from  it  by  Charles  St.  It  comprises  21  acres,  beautifully  laid  out,  and  contains  a 
conservatory.  Ball's  admirable  equestrian  statue  of  Washington,  Story's  bronze  stat- 
ue of  Edward  Everett,  one  representing  "  Venus  rising  from  the  Sea,"  and  the 
beautiful  monument  in  honor  of  the  discovery  of  ether  as  an  ansesthetic.  In  the 
centre  is  a  serpentiiie  pond  severing  4  acres  and  crossed  "by  a  handsome  bridge. 
There  are  numerous  smaller  squares  in  Bot>ton,  but  none  call  for  special  mention. 

CcBetertesi — Neut  Aatam,  about  1  m.  from  Har>'ard  University  and  4  m.  from 
Boston  (reached  by  horse-cars  from  Ilarv.ird  Square),  constitutes  one  of  the  sights 
of  Boston,  and  should  be  seen  by  every  visitor.  It  is  the  property  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Horticultural  Society,  was  consecrated  September  24,  1(^31,  and  contains 
125  aci  3.  It  is  the  oldest  and  by  many  is  considered  the  most  beautiful  of  Amer- 
ican rural  cemeteries,  and  is  embellished  by  landscape  and  horticultural  art  and 
many  elegant  and  costly  monuments.  The  goteway  is  of  Quincy  granite  in  the 
Egyptian  style,  60  ft.  lon^  and  25  ft.  high.  The  Ohapel,  an  ornamented  Gothic 
edifice  of  granite,  not  far  from  the  gate,  contains  statues  of  Winthrop,  Otis,  John 
Adams,  and  Judge  Story.  Central,  Maple,  Ohapnl,  Spruce,  and  other  leading  ave-, 
nues,  afford  a  circuit  of  the  entire  grounds,  with  a  view  of  the  principal  monu- 
ments. The  Tower,  60  ft.  high,  in  the  rear  of  the  grounds,  is  187  ft.  above  Charles 
River,  and  commands  a  fine  view.  It  is  reached  by  Central,  Walnut,  and  Mountain 
Avenues.  Numerous  lakes,  ponds,  and  fountains  in  various  parts  of  the  cemetery 
add  to  its  beauty.    Fore$t  Sills,  in  West  Roxbury  (reached  by  horse-oars  and 


w  and  tho  col- 
it  institution,  in 
(levotnd  to  the 
ture  in  Boylaton 
Meditj!  Colhye, 

Blind  is  famous 
wr  un'lei  ./hoBe 
on  Mt.  Washing- 
ed  by  the  Sisters 
lite  structure  on 
laf,  in  Harrison 
l»t  mounted  bv  . 
nc  Hujpuai  (lor 
uoions  and  state- 
of  Inditttry  and 
f  Correction  and 

■M,  a  park  of  48 
e,  and  laid  out  in 
ni)XDi^<^^i>t  trees, 
iiirter  it  is  made 
aracter.  A  pond 
central  point  in 
settlement  of  the 
tiH  much  damaged 
)  gale  of  Jan.  26, 
)f  the  Elm,  is  the 
reek  cross,  richly 
^resenting  Peace, 
Inmn,  with  4  alle- 
lulptured  in  alto- 
gure  of  America, 
1  eagle,  with  ont- 
of  bronze,  cast  in 

is  now  separated 
it,  and  Gontttins  a 
tory's  bronze  stat- 
;he  Sea,"  and  the 
teesthetic.  In  the 
handsome  bridge, 
pecial  mention. 
ty  and  4  m.  from 
one  of  the  sights 
)rty  of  the  Massa- 
1831,  and  contains 
>eautiful  of  Amor- 
-ticnltural  art  and 
\cy  granite  in  the 
rnamented  Gothic 
nthrop,  Otis,  John 
other  leading  ave-, 
e  principal  monn- 
7  ft.  above  Charles 
nut,  and  Monntain 
ts  of  the  cemetery 
by  horse-oars  and 


BOHTON. 


00 


hy  Providence  R.  R).  Ik,  next  to  Mount  A  .burn,  the  most  vlHJtcd  of  Boston  cenio- 
tcrioH.  it  is  larger  and  plainer  than  Mount  Aubnrn,  but  Ih  tastefully  laid  out,  uml 
contftinM  «omo  fino  inoniimvntH.  The  ontrance  is  an  eli^tant,  turreted  (totiiic  Htruct- 
iire.  \  Hno  view  may  be  bad  from  '  now-tiulvo  ('lift".  Woodlntrn,  4  m.  N.  of  Bo»- 
toD  .'2m.  from  C'hels»<o.  hai  man;  attractive  fenti'ros.  'I'lie  gutoliouse  Im  h  lofty, 
(iCi.  structure,  (56  "t.  biKh.  R'  ,k  luwer,  near  i  lo  entranoe,  commands  a  tine 
viev.  "f  the  lioritor,  irtlanilM  rnul  ocean.  Mount.  Hope  .'Vwt'(?ry,  in  W.  Roxbury,  in 
'n  i-b  caio  of  the  city.  'I  iie  old  b>irying-ground»  '  the  city  itsolf  have  already 
bef-n   lewribed. 

s  ibirfcb-  -Tho  environs  of  IJoHton  are  remarkably  attractive.  On  almost  all 
Hid  "le  pictuiosque  and  venerable  ob!  townw,  and  'be  country  between,  even  when 
nf  ■   strictly  beautiful,  is  never  Hat  uik'  inme.     ("hark-Ktown,  Brighton,  Jamaica 

I'' am,   and   W.   Hoxbury,  v annexed  in    "^T",  ,»nd  now  form  part  of  the  city. 

I'oxbury  ail''  Dorc'.i:  ^i-r  n.ivo  been  urevioiisly  anne.\e<l.  In  all  of  them  are  the 
fine  villa  residences  of  Boston  mercliants,  and  other  features  of  interest  which 
make  them  worth  a  vinit.  At  Chnrlentown^  on  the  N.  (readied  by  horse-cars  from 
Scollay  Sfjuart).  is  the  famous  Biakrr  Hill  jMoaunent,  occuiiying  the  site  of  the  old 
redoubt  at  Breed's  Hill,  anil  commemorative  of  the  eventful  battle  foujirht  on  the 
spot,  June  17,  1775.  It  is  a  jilain  but  massive  obelisk  of  Quin<y  frninite,  30  ft. 
s<|nare  at  the  base,  and  221  ft.  high.  From  the 
observatory  at  the  top,  readied  by  a  spiral  flight 
of  29.5   8te|w,  is  obtained   a   magnificent  view, 

iclnding  tlie  entire  vicinity  of  Boston.  The 
monument  was  dedicated  July  17,  1848,  in  the 
presence  of  President  Tyler  and  his  cabinet,  on 
which  occasion  Daniel  Webster  delivered  an  ora- 
tion which  is  considered  his  finest  oratorical 
effort.  In  the  house  near  tho  monument  is  a  fine 
statue  of  General  Warren,  wtio  was  killed  on  the 
Hill;  and  a  stone  marks  the  spot  whore  he  fell. 

he  U.  S.  Navy-  Yard  is  also  located  in  Charles- 
lown.  It  comprises  about  100  acres,  and  contains, 
among  other  objects  of  interest,  the  longest  rope- 
walk  in  the  country,  and  an  immense  dry-dock. 
In  Ghehea  (connected  with  Boston  by  ferry,  and 
with  Oharlestown  by  a  bridge  over  the  Mystic 
River)  are  Woodlawn  Cemetery,  Marine  IIos])i- 
tal,  and  Naval  nos])ital,  which  have  already 
been  described.  Chelsea  Beach,  5  m.  from  Bos- 
ton (reached  by  horse-care  or  by  Eastern  R.  R.),  ^'"■''"  ^"'  Manum^n'- 
is  a  smooth,  hard,  sandy  beach,  well  adapted  for  driving  or  walking.  It  is  nmoh 
visited  by  citizens  on  Simdays  and  holidays.  Brighton,  a  station  on  the  Albany 
R.  E.,  5  m.  W.  of  the  city  proper,  is  famcma  for  its  cattle-market.  Point  Shir 
ley,  5  m.  from  Boston,  affords  a  pleasant  drive.  The  most  direct  route  is  f  i» 
the  E.  Boston  ferry.  Excellent  nsh  and  game  dinners  and  suppers  may  be 
obtained  here,  at  Tatt's  Hotel.  BrMUlM  is  a  beantifnl  town  on  the  New  York  & 
New  England  R.  R.  (reached  also  by  Causeway  from  Boston).  •  In  it  is  the 
Brookline  Reservoir,  with  a  capacity  of  120,000,000  gallons.  Aboiit  1  m.  dis- 
tant, on  the  boundaries  of  Brookline,  Brighton,  and  Newton,  is  the  great  Cheat- 
nut  Hill  Reiermir,  with  a  capacity  of  800,000,000  gallons.  J'rom  Boston  to 
and  around  this  point  is  a  favorite  drive.  The  chief  attraction  of  CaBbrMge 
(Harvard  University)  has  already  been  described,  but  the  city  itself  is  well  worth 
a  visit.  Lexington  and  Concord  are  reached  by  the  Lexington  Branch  R.  R.  from 
the  Lowell  depot. 

The  harbor  of  Boston,  as  elsewhere  remarked,  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  spa- 
cions  on  the  coast,  and  to  the  summer  visitor  affords  one  of  the  most  attractive 
features  of  the  city.    Frequent  excursions  to  different  points  take  place  in  the  sum- 
mer season,  and  by  taking  a  steamer  to  Hingham  (twice  daily  from  Liverpool 
6 


m--'^^ 


70 


HAND-BOOK   OF   AMKKICAN  CITIER. 


Wharf)  tlio  iirincipnl  ImIhixU  hikI  fortiHciitionH  may  be  H«en.  The  numt  importnnt 
of  theno  fortiticiitioiiH  uro,  Fort  liuhptiideiict;  on  CuNtle  laland  ;  Fort  fVint/irop,  on 
(lovernor's  Nhiml ;  an*l  Fort  Warren,  on  (Jcorge's  l8lan<l.  Deer,  Long,  Kninxford, 
Hpeotttole,  liullo|i,  and  ThoiniiHun'rt  lidanilN,  iiro  hIho  ])aMsc(i. 

It 

NEW  TORK  TO   NBW  HAVBX^. 

(  r<»  New  Yiirk  A  N.w  lUvtin  K.  K  DtoUnif,  T8  m.  Tliiii'.  v^  hn.  KarK,  |9.) 
Lravino  thu  (rrund  (.'entral  Dvpot,  the  tniin  pumh  on  tho  track  of  the  Now  York 
&,  Harleni  K.  \i.  um  >ar  h8  WilliainH'ti  Bridge  (14  ni.),  and  then  tnkeH  the  Vuvv  Yorkdc 
New  Haven  loai'  -riich  runn  through  c  vend  iiretty  ftiihiirban  towns.  (Jreetiwieh 
(81  in.)  is  the  '  .Ht  Httition  in  Oonneoticut,  and  U  pleannntly  i4itUHte<l  on  Idll-nlopes 
coniiuundir  .» tine  view  of  Long  Island  Hound.  SUini/ord  (37  in.)  and  Xorxsalk 
(40  Ml.)  o  handHome  towns,  containing  many  villas  of  New  York  merchants,  and 
are  f  ..juented  as  ftimniur  resorts.  FairJieUl  (54  m.)  is  a  highly-popular  summer 
re  .<,  situated  aiiout  \  m.  from  the  beach,  liridgejiort  (50  m.)  is  a  flourishing  town 
20,000  inhaltitants,  situated  on  an  arm  of  Long  Island  Hound,  and  noted  for  the 
extent  and  variety  of  its  manufactures.  Heveral  pretty  villages  are  now  paxsed,  and 
as  the  train  a|i|>rtiaches  New  Haven,  across  extensive  salt  meadows.  West  and  East 
Rocks,  two  abrupt  promontories,  400  and  800  fi.  in  height,  are  conspicuous  objects. 


NBW  RAVBN. 

Hotttat  The  New  Hatim  ffovie,  cor.  College  and  Chapel  Sts.,  is  the  largest  and 
best  ($4-  4.C(»  a  day).  The  Tontine  (cor.  Church  an<l  Court  Hts.)  and  the  Tremont 
are  good  ($3  a  day). 

"^T"EW  HAVEN,  the  largest  city  in  Connecticut,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  New 
[\(  Haven  Bay,  4  in.  from  Long  Island  Sound,  upon  a  broad  jdain  surrounded  by 
hills  of  moderate  heigiit.  It  was  settled  in  1638  by  a  colony  from  London,  was  a 
distinct  colony  until  1666.  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1784.  and  from  1701  to 
1876  was  one  of  tlio  capitals  of  the  State.  The  city  is  the  centre  of  6  railroads,  and 
bus  considerable  foreign  commerce,  chiefly  with  the  West  Indies.     Its  coasting-trad 


New  Haren. 


is  also  large;  and  its  manufactures  are  very  extensive,  inolading  machinery,  hard- 
ware, looks,  clocks,  tirearme,  carriages,  organs,  pianos,  jewelry.  India-rubber  goods, 
etc.  The  population  in  1870  was  60,840,  Chapd  Sti,  the  principal  thoroughfare, 
extends  in  a  W.  N.  W*.  direction  throughout  the  length  of  the  city.    Stat«  and 


0  inont  linportunt 
''ort  Winthrop,  on 
,  Long,  RftinHtord, 


Kan.,  •«.) 

c  of  the  Now  York 
jH  tlie  -Vow  York  & 
EownB.  Greenieieh 
iitetl  on  liiU-i.lopes 
in.)  an«l  Norxsalk 
ork  nierc'hnnts,  and 
ly-jiopulur  Hunimer 
iHaflourmhinp  town 
I,  nnd  noted  for  the 
iro  now  paused,  and 
[>WH,  WeBt  and  Ea»t 
[•onupicuoiw  object*. 


.,  It  tlie  larne»t  and 
I.)  and  the  Tremont 

ftt  the  head  of  New 
i)lain  surrounded  by 
from  London,  was  a 
4.  and  from  1701  to 
e  of  5  railroads,  and 
Its  coasting- trad 


iding  machinery,  hard- 
py,  India- rubber  goodB, 
)rincipal  thoronghfare, 
,f  the  city.    State  and 


n 

kw,  is  lined  with  hnndsome 


NBW   HAVBK. 

Churrh  are  aloo  Important  businoM  Btroets,  and 

private  rvBidenccs.  The  number  of  mngniticvnt  clmH  with  which  its  isrim-ipal 
HvonuvB  are  planted  huH  oauietl  New  llaven  to  be  called  the  "  City  of  KInis.''  They 
were  mostly  set  out  about  the  cloHe  of  the  iHth  century,  by  Janiex  llillhouse,  or 
through  his  influence  and  example. 

The  public  H(|uaro  or  '*  firaM,"  in  the  centre  of  the  city,  is  a  flne  lawn  magniticently 
Hhaded,  and  has  in  it  the  State-HouM  (where  the  Lcgixlaturc  assembled  on  alternate 
years  till  1874),  the  I'entre  Church,  the  N&rth  Churrh,  and  Trinity  Church.  In  the 
rear  of  Centre  ('hurch  is  the  griivo  of  the  regicide  John  Uixwell,  marked  by  a 
marble  monument.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  (ireen  is  the  lltjf  Hal,  a  very  hiindsome 
building,  ill  whirl)  the  courts  are  held,  and  the  city,  town,  and  county  have  their 
local  ottices.  The  CiiUom-lloiue,  in  Church  Ht.  near  Chapel,  Im  of  I'ortlund  stone, 
and  hat  apnrtment.x  for  the  Po»t-OjHce  and  V.  H.  courts.  The  other  i>rinci|)Hl  publio 
buildings  are  the  Court- I/oiite,  in  Church  St.,  the  Stutt  llonpital,  the  Medical  Collegty 
the  Orphan  A»ylum,  the  County  Prison,  and  the  Alnuhou»e.  The  last  three  are  in 
the  W,  part  of  the  city.  \Voo$ter  S^juare,  in  the  E.  part,  ih  an  inclosuro  of  B  aores, 
laid  out  with  remarkable  elegance  and  gooti  taste.  The  Old  liuryiny-C round,  on 
Orove  Ht.  near  High,  contains  many  interesting  monuments,  among  which  rre  those 
which  mark  the  graves  of  Theopliiiux  Eaton  (first  Uovernor  of  New  Haven  Colony), 
Roger  Hherman  (signer  of  the  Declaration),  Timothy  Dwight,  Hei\jiimin  Silhman, 
an(f  Noah  Webster.  The  Erergreen  Cemetery,  on  the  hank  of  West  River,  is  large 
and  tastefully  adorned,  and  the  New  Haven  Burying- Ground,  N.  W.  of  the  citj,  ia 
worth  visiting. 

Across  Temple  St.  from  the  Green  are  the  grounds  of  Yale  Celncf,  (mo  of  the  old- 
est and  most  important  educational  institutions  in  America.  It  was  founded  in 
1700,  removed  t  New  Haven  from  Saybrook  Point  in  1717,  and  in  1876-76  had 
86  instructors  ant'  1,061  students.  Resides  its  Academic  Department,  the  College 
has  a  Law  School,  a  Medical  School,  a  Hcientiflc  School,  a  Theological  School,  and 
a  School  of  the  Fine  Arts.  The  most  noteworthy  biiildingH  are  the  Library,  contain- 
ing   90,0  00 

vofuinea;  the  ■--''M 

Art  Building, 
containing 
the  Trumbull  . 
collection  of  ^ 
historical 
paintings,  the 
well  -  known 
"Jarvea  col- 
lection "  of 
early  Italian 
pictures,  some 
interesting 
casts  from 
Greek  an- 
tiques, and  a 
f e  w  modern 
works  of  art; 
the  Alumni 
Hall, in  which 

are  hung  por-  ^he  Libr.,y, 

traits  of  dis- 

tinguiahed  officers  and  graduates  of  the  College ;  the  Old  Commons'  Hull,  containing 
tlie  great  geological  cabmets;  and  the  new  buildings,  Durfee  Hall  and  Farnum 
Hall,  at  the  N.  end.  These  buildings  are  all  in  College  Square.  Just  N.  of  it  is  the 
handsome  structure  of  the  Theological  School ;  and  still  farther  K.,  in  Grove  St., 
the  hall  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  with  its  laboratories,  libiary,  and  scientiflo 
collections.  The  Gymnaaiom,  said  to  be  the  moat  complete  in  the  country,  is  in 
Library  St. 


72 


IIAND-BUUK   UF   AMRRIOAN   CIliKH. 


The  RnMt  hihI  Wont  U<HtkH,  niroady  nivtitiotuMl  nx  iiDtiduuhlu  in  iippronrliinR  tlu> 
oity,  are  worth  ii  viNit.  Da*!  Bark  (rtwu^hed  \ty  horMc-onrN  from  thu  (irvcn)  in  IKK)  h. 
high,  mill  tifi'iinls  u  wlilu  ami  hraiitifiil  vi«<w.  A  Hitiall  liotui  U  on  theNiiiiiiiiit.  WmI 
Btck  (ruaclii'il  li.v  liorNt'-carM  troiii  (Jhapol  St.)  Ih  4<k)  tl.  IiIkIi.  "nil  uIno  atl'onlH  an  at- 
tractive viow.  <lii  fhti  top  there  \n  u  Kroiih  of  howlilerM  called  the  ".Iii<l){eH'  Cave" 
beiuiune  (lott'e  and  Whnlley,  twu  uf  theJiitlKeN  of  King  CharleM  I.,  of  Kn^land,  were 
■eoreted  here  for  a  while  in  Iflfll.  Near  tlin  hane  of  the  rrwk  on  the  N.  in  Wlnter- 
sreen  Fall,  a  pretty  eaneade.  Near  hy  in  Malti)y  I'ark,  Hoo  ncreH  in  extent,  ('(nitaiii- 
Ins  the  (ilty  water-works  and  Hoirie  pietiiruMipio  driven  and  ranihleH.  Stvin  iior,k\ 
■  bathinK-plaee,  with  NUinnier  hotelx,  on  l.onx  lM\in<l  Hound,  4  ni.  H.  W.  of  the  city, 
is  a  favorite  resort  (roacdied  hy  horso-c-arn  from  tiie  (Ireeii).  Siifhrm*^  Wood  (the 
IlillhoiiMe  reMidenee),  at  the  head  of  ilillhoiiNO  Ave.,  Ih  a  ploawint  Hpot.  The  moat 
popidar  drive  ix  down  the  K.  xjije  of  the  harhor  to  KortM  Hide  anti  WnoHter,  the 
latter  an  old  ruin  datint<  from  IHI4,  the  former  recently  dismantled.  From  the  hill 
on  which  Fort  Woonter  HtandN  there  is  a  line  view,  shown  in  our  ciif^ravin^. 

NBW  HAVBN  TO  HARTFORD. 

(  Via  Nvw  lUvon,  Hartftml  A  H\>r{nitn>-1'  '^  1!.     DlntHiKK,  116  m.    Tlims  I  to  l{Jlir.     Kun>,  $1.10.) 

TiiiH  road  as  far  as  Sprin^fHeld,  2it  m.  Iieyond  Hartford,  is  one  of  the  main  high- 
ways to  BoHton,  and  it  (Continues  on  to  tlu^  Canii<lian  frontier  as  the  hest  route  from 
New  York  to  the  White  Mountains  and  to  (jnehec.  The  valley  of  the  Connecticut 
is  one  of  the  inotit  heaiitifiU  in  the  country,  hut  the  tourist  aees  but  little  of  the  lower 
river  from  the  cars,  the  track  not  running  along  the  river-hank  until  after  paaaing 
above  Hartford.  Three  or  four  pretty  towns  are  passed  on  the  route  between  New 
Haven  and  HartfonI,  and  tliere  is  nothinir  else  to  challenge  attention. 


HARTFORD. 

Hatehi  The  Alli/n  Honte,  near  the  depot,  ia  the  largest  ami  best(|4uday)A  Tlie 
United  State*,  on  Htate-House  Square  (|3  a  day),  and  the  City  Hotel,  in  Main  Ht. 
($8  a  day),  are  good. 

HARTFORD,  the  capital  of  Connecticut,  and  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  in 
New  England,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  sloop  navif^ation  on  the  Connecticut 
River,  50  m.  from  Long  Island  Bound.  It  comprises  10  sq.  m.,  and  is  about  8^  ;n. 
long,  with  an  average  breadth  of  3  ni.  It  is  intersected  by  Pork  River,  which  is 
spanned  by  11  bridges.  A  bridge  across  the  Connecticut,  1,000  ft.  long,  connects 
the  city  proper  with  East  Hartford.  Hartford  was  settled  by  the  Dutch,  in  1088, 
and  the  site  of  the  first  houses,  at  the  Junction  of  the  Connecticut  and  Park  Rivers, 
is  still  known  as  "Dutch  Point."  In  1688  the  first  English  colony  settled  here, 
and  named  the  place  in  honor  of  Hartford,  England,  the  birthplace  of  one  of  their 
ministers.  From  1701  to  1875  Hartford  shared  with  New  Haven  the  honor  of  being 
capital  of  the  State,  but  in  the  latter  year,  by  virtue  of  a  constitutional  amendment, 
it  became  the  sole  capital.  The  business  of  Hartford  is  very  extensive,  not  only  on 
account  of  its  numerous  manufactories,  but  a^'o  because  it  is  one  of  the  great  centres 
of  Are  and  life  insurance.  The  aggregate  a3t>  's  of  the  banking  and  insurance  com- 
panies at  the  beginning  of  1874  were  over  $18^1,0X1,000.  The  manufactories  include 
iron  and  brass  ware,  steam  engines  and  boilers,  sewing-machines,  firearms,  mechan- 
ics' tools,  silver-plated  ware,  stoneware,  woolens,  envelopes,  cigars,  fortilizer^,  and  a 
vast  number  of  other  productions.     The  population  in  1870  was  87,180. 

The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  part  of  the  streets  running  nearly  parallel  to  the 
river,  and  others  crossing  them  E.  and  W.  Mali  St.,  which  extends  from  N.  to  S. 
through  the  principal  portion  of  the  city,  is  the  great  thoroughfare.  On  it  are  the 
principal  public  buildings,  churches,  and  retail  stores,  and  for  more  than  a  mile  it 
presents  an  almost  unbroken  range  of  brick  and  stone  edifices.  State,  Commeree, 
and  Aiylum  St».,  are  also  the  seat  of  a  large  and  active  business.  In  the  out- 
akirts  are  many  tasteful  and  elegant  residences,  and  the  city,  as  a  whole,  is  remarka- 


$1,8 

the 

first 

1824 

and 

nect 

Reti 


inte 

of 


•rvr 


HARTFORD. 


n 


ll|i|iroHrlllnff   tlll> 

Ort'i'ii)  in  nm  rt. 
hf  Niiniiiiit.  WM 
lIno  nffortli*  an  M- 
".liulm'H'  Cbv«'" 
if  Knttliinil,  weiv 
tlio  N.  \h  Wlntor- 
n  extent,  coiitiiin- 
OH.  Sirin  Ixor.l. 
H.  W.  »f  tlioclty, 
'hi-iiiii'  Wood  (the 
Hjiot.  Tlie  iiioHt 
and  WooBttT,  tlio 
I.  From  the  hill 
■ii)rrnvinn. 


.'( 


|hr.  Fur*,  ♦1.10.) 
ol'  the  iiiuin  lil^h- 
ho  iKHt  route  from 
)f  the  Oonnceticiit 
It  little  of  the  U)wer 
until  after  passing 
oute  hetween  New 
tion. 


58t  (f 4  tt  day).V  Tlie 
Hotel,  in  Main  Bt. 

8t  beautiful  cltieB  in 
1  on  the  Connecticut 
,  and  is  about  8J  m. 
'ark  River,  which  it* 
00  ft.  long,  connects 

the  Dutch,  in  1088, 
)ut  and  Park  Rivers, 
colony  settled  la-re, 
iplace  of  one  of  their 
in  the  honor  of  being 
tutional  araendment, 
(tensive,  not  only  on 
e  of  the  great  centres 

and  insurance  com- 
nanufactories  include 
es,  firearms,  raechan- 
rars,  fortilizerf ,  and  a 
3  37,180. 

nearly  parallel  to  the 
xtends  from  N.  to  8. 
hfare.  On  it  are  the 
•  more  than  a  mile  it 
IS.  State,  Cotnmeree, 
Qsiness.  In  the  out- 
j  a  whole,  is  remarka- 


lilr  well  built.  The  Statr-Houtf,  an  old  brick  Htruoturo,  erected  in  1704,  standi  on 
State-House  8i|uare,  and  contalnH  the  public  offices  and  the  Htato  Library.  In  the 
'•ceretary's  otl1(^e  is  the  fainous  charter.  In  the  Henate-clinniber  is  a  fidl-length  por- 
trait of  Wasliin)(ton,  by  Htuart,  portraits  of  former  colonial  and  Htate  (iovernurs, 
iind  an  elegant  chair  made  from  the  charter-oak.  From  the  cupola  on  the  top  of 
tlie  building  there  is  a  tine  view.  The  CItji  Hal  in  a  handsome  building  in  the  Ore- 
<'ian  style,  IVonting  on  Market  Ht.,  near  Hiate-llouso  Stpiare.  The  l'o»t ■  Ofjlltm 
is  at  2n2  Main  Ht.  The  (>pera-llou»«  (UOn  Main  Ht.)  is  an  elegant  structure  with  i> 
tasteful  interior.  The  State  Arnenal,  in  the  N.  section  of  the  citv,  is  a  large  and 
stately  oditlce;  and  the  I'llM  DeiMl  is  one  of  the  finest  in  New  Plngland.  'I'he  (,'itp 
Park  (4H  acres)  is  beautifully  situate<l  in  a  bend  of  Park  River,  H.  of  the  depot,  and 
contains  a  fine  lironze  statue  of  Hishop  Brownell,  and  a  statue  of  (General  Putnam. 
Here  the  New  Ntstr-llrasr,  of  marble,  in  the  secular  (t<ithic  style,  is  in  process  of  con- 
struction.    It  Ih  to  be  DIM)  ft.  long  by  '2l)0  ft.  wide,  and  '2ft<)  ft.  high  to  the  top  of  the 


New  8t>t<!-ITotiiir. 

dome.  Besides  spacious  chambers  for  the  two  Houses  of  the  Legislature,  it  will 
contain  rooms  for  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  Htato  Library.  Its  estimated  cost  is 
$1,600,000.  The  AhjIbh  fw  the  Deaf  ami  Diak  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  hill  near 
the  depot,  in  the  midst  of  extensive  grounds.  It  was  founded  in  1817,  and  was  the 
first  institution  of  the  kind  in  America.  The  Retreat  for  the  Intane,  founded  in 
1824,  stands  upon  elevated  ground  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  city.  It  has  extensive 
and  highly-ornamented  grounds,  from  which  fine  views  of  the  city  and  of  the  Con- 
necticut Valley  may  be  obtained.  The  Hartford  Botpital,  in  Hudson  St.,  near  the 
Retreat,  is  a  handsome  building  of  Portland  stone. 

Among  the  many  fine  churches  in  the  city,  the  most  noticeable  are :  the  Chmh 
of  the  G«mI  8he^r4  (L|  oopal),  erected  by  Mrs.  Colt  as  a  memorial  of  her  husband 
and  children.  It  is  in  tli  pure  Gothic  style,  with  a  spire  160  ft.  high,  and  has  a  rich 
interior.  Chrut  Church  Episcopal),  cor.  Main  and  Church  Sts.,  is  a  fine  specimen 
of  Gothic  architecture,  a«  is  the  Park  Chvrch  (Congregational).     The  Pearl  St 


\.^...' 


...^  «  A*^  .n^ 


74 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMKRICAN   CITIES. 


It 


Ohureh  (Congrejta'iionnl)  has  a  f^aceful  stone  spire.  The  South  Baptist,  the  Fir»t 
l^eihodist,  and  St.  Patrick^*  Cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  are  handsome  bi-'ildings. 
The  Roman  Catholics  are  erecting  a  new  catl'.edral  in  Farrington  Ave.  The  leading 
edncational  institution  is  Trinity  Coilege  (lilpi^copal),  founded  in  1828.  In  1874  it 
had  17  instructors  and  94  students,  and  a  library  of  7,000  volumes.  The  buildings, 
comprising  3  stone  hails,  called  respectively  Seabury,  Jarvis,  and  Brownell,  are  situ- 
ated in  Trinity  St.,  near  the  City  Park.  These  grounds,  however,  '  ,e  been  sold 
to  the  city,  tlie  trustees  reserving  the  right  to  use  them  until  April,  id77,  with  the 
exception  of  Hrownell  Hall,  a  portion  of  which  has  been  demolished  to  make  room 
for  the  new  State-House.  A  new  site  for  the  College,  about  1  m.  8.  or  the  present 
one,  has  been  pure' used.  The  new  High-Sehool,  near  the  Park,  and  a  little  S.  y^. 
of  tlie  depot,  and  the  new  Brown  School,  in  Market  St.,  are  among  the  finest  school- 
houses  in  the  country.  The  T/ieological  Institute  of  Gotinecticut  {Conf^.eaationaV), 
cor.  Prospect  St.  and  Wadsworth  Alloy,  has  a  library  of  7,000  volumes.  The  Wads- 
wortii  AttieiiKBDi  is  a  line  granite  edifice,  in  the  castellated  style,  in  Main  St.  The  cen- 
tral portion  is  used  as  a  fine-art  gallery,  in  which  are  some  good  pictures  and  statu- 
ary; in  tlte  S  portion  are  the  museum,  library  (16,000  volumes),  and  other  rooms 
of  the  S'..i  ,  llistorical  Society,  through  which  is  the  entrance  to  the  Watkinson 
Library,  a  tree  public  library,  containing  27,000  volumes.  The  N.  portion  is  occu- 
pied by  the  Young  Men's  Institute,  which  has  a  library  of  28,000  volumes.  This 
institution  is  well  wortii  a  visit. 

Golfs  Firearms  Manufactory  and  the  Willow  Worl-s  form  a  village  of  themselves 
in  the  S.  V..  portion  of  tlie  city.  The  grounds  extend  from  the  river  to  Main  St., 
upon  whicii  stands  the  elegant  Colt  mansion  ("Arm smear"),  surrounded  b'  im- 
mense greenhouses,  graperies,  etc.  The  Ancient  Bur i/ing- Ground,  containing  the 
ashes  of  the  first  settlers,  is  in  the  rear  of  Centre  Church,  in  Main  St.  The  largest 
cemetery  is  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city ;  but  the  Gedar  Grove  Cemetery  (reached  by 
Main  St.  horse-cars)  should  be  visited  to  see  the  Colt  monument,  the  Beach  monu- 
ment, and  the  fine  i)rospect  over  the  surrounding  country. 

The  vicinity  of  Hartford  abounds  in  picturesque  drives  and  walks.  The  favorite 
drives  are  to  Tumhle-doion  Brook,  8  m.  W.,  on  the  Albany  road ;  to  Talcott  Moun- 
tain, 9  m.  W, ;  to  Prospect  Hill ;  and  to  Wethersjield  (6  m.  N.),  the  most  ancient 
to  wn  on  the  river.  East  Hartford  (reached-by  the  long  bridge)  contains  some  quaint 
old  hoases.  

NBW  HAVEN  TO  PROVIDENOE. 

(Via  Shore  Line  and  StonlnKton  &  FroTidenci;  R  R.    Bietance,  IIS  m.    Time,  81-4  boars.    These 
roads  form  a  part  or  one  of  the  principal  tbroDgh-rontes  between  New  York  and  Boston.) 

Lr:\vtNO  New  Haven,  the  road  still  rims  along  the  shore  of  Long  Island  Sonnd 
through  a  country  populous  and  well  cultivated  but  destitute  of  marked  scenic  at- 
tractionti.  Guilford  (16  m.)  is  a  pretty  town,  shaded  with  fine  trees,  and  much 
frequenied  as  a  summer  resort.  New  London  (50  m.)  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in 
Connecticut,  is  largely  engaged  in  the  whale-fishery,  and  is  the  site  of  a  United 
States  Navy- Yard.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  and  contains  10,000  inhabitants. 
Mystic  (58  m.)  is  the  site  of  the  celebrated  Pequot  massacre  (May  26,  1687),  when 
the  colonists  under  John  Mason  annihilated  the  tribe,  burning  their  forts,  and  shoot- 
ing down  men,  women,  and  children.  Stonington  (62  m.)  is  also  an  old  town,  is 
ftleasantly  situated  near  the  ocean,  and  is  a  favorite  watering-place.  This  is  tlie 
ast  station  in  Connecticut,  and  the  only  station  of  importance  between  it  and  Provi- 
dence is  Westerly  (68  m.  from  New  Haven),  noted  for  its  extensive  manufactures. 
Providence  is  188  m.  from  New  York,  by  the  Shore  Line,  and  is  reached  also  by  the 
"Stonmgton  Line"  of  steamers,  by  the  "Norwich"  and  "Fall  River"  lines,  and 
by  the  direct  through-line. .  -  ■ 

PROVIDZINOE. 

Hotelgi  The  City  Hotel,  in  Broad  St.,  and  the  Aldrieh  House,  near  the  depot,  are 
the  best.  The  Central,  10  Canal  St.,  is  on  the  European  plan.  The  Narragansett 
Hotel,  now  \v  process  of  construction,  will  be  of  immense  size. 


^M 


B^^tiat,  the  Mrtt 
ndsome  bi'ildings. 
\ve.  The  leeding 
1828.  In  1874  it 
The  buildin;^, 
Brownell,  are  situ- 
er,  '  .  e  been  sold 
iril,  i6l7,  with  the 
ihed  to  make  room 
I.  8.  oi  tlie  present 

and  a  little  8.  v; . 
J  the  finest  school- 
i  (Cong,  egational), 

limes.  The  Wads- 
Muin  8t.  The  cen- 
pictures  and  statn- 
),  and  other  rooms 

to  the  Watkinson 
N.  portion  is  occn- 
)0()  volumes.    This 

illape  of  themselves 
le  river  to  Main  St., 

surrounded  b'  im- 
nul,  containing  the 
ftin  8t.  The  largest 
unetery  (reached  by 
it,  the  Beach  monu- 

i^alks.  The  favorite 
i ;  to  Taleott  Moun- 
.),  the  most  ancient 
contains  some  quaint 


rimo,  Si-1  bonre.   Thege 
'  York  and  Boston.) 

Long  Island  Sound 
of  marked  scenic  at- 
ine  trees,  and  much 

the  oldest  towns  in 
the  site  of  a  United 
3  10,000  inhabitants. 
May  26,  1687),  when 
;heir  forts,  and  shoot- 
ilso  an  old  town,  is 
j-place.  This  is  the 
)etween  it  and  Provi- 
ensive  manufactures. 
s  reached  also  by  the 
ill  River  "  lines,  and 


(,  near  the  depot,  are 
The  Narragantett 


PROVIDENCE. 


76 


PROVIDED  OE,  one  of  the  most  beantifnl  cities  in  New  England,  and  surpassed 
only  by  Boston  iu  wealth  and  population,  is  the  chief  city  and  one  of  the 
capitals  of  Rhoue  Island.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  northern  arm  of  Nar- 
ragansett  Bay,  known  as  Providence  River.  The  river  extends  to  the  centre  of  the 
city,  where  it  expands  into  a  beauMful  cove  nearly  a  mile  in  circumference,  along 
which  is  a  wall  surmounted  by  an  iron  railing.  A  park  planted  with  elms,  and  laid 
out  in  graveled  walls,  surrounds  the  cove.  The  land  on  which  the  city  stands  is 
very  irregular.  On  the  E.  side  a  hill  riSes  to  the  height  of  204  ft.  above  tide-water. 
On  the  W,  it  is  level,  with  little  elevation  for  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  when  the  land 
rises  to  the  height  of  75  ft.  The  sides  and  summits  of  the  hills  are  covered  with 
dwelling-houses,  interspersed  with  gardens  and  ornamented  with  trees.  Providence 
is  an  ancient  town,  dating  as  far  back  as  1686,  when  its  founder,  Roger  Williams, 
banished  trom  Massachusetts  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions,  sought  here  that 
liberty  which  was  denied  to  him  elsewhere.  The  rock  ("What  Cheer  Rook")  <n 
the  bank  of  the  Seekonk  River  on  which  he  landed,  and  where  he  was  received  by 
the  Indians,  is  about  1  m.  from  the  centre  cf  the  city  near  the  E.  end  of  Power  Ft. 
The  town  suft'ered  severely  in  the  famous  war  with  King  Philip,  1675,  when  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  it  was  burned.  It  was  incorporated  in  1832,  and  in  1875  had  a 
population  of  100,675.  Nine  railroads  converge  at  Providence,  which  has  also  a 
large  coasting  and  some  foreign  trade.  Its  manufactures  are  very  extensive,  includ- 
ing •'  prints "  (for  which  it  is  the  leading  American  market),  cotton  and  woolen 
goods,  iron,  gold  and  silver  ware,  and  numerous  other  articles.  The  celebrated 
Gorhaui-plato,  the  Peabody  rifles,  and  the  Corliss  engines,  are  manufactured  here ; 
and  the  workshops  of  the  American  Screw  Company  (employing  2,500  hands)  are 
the  best-appointed  of  their  kind  in  the  country.  Seven  out  of  the  9  railroads  use 
the  name  Railroad  Depot,  a  spacious  and  elegant  brick  structure  situated  near  the 
heart  of  the  city  on  the  8.  side  of  the  cove,  and  fronting  on  Exchange  Place.  Horse- 
cars  run  through  different  parts  of  the  city,  and  to  the  adjoining  towns. 

The  main  business  thoroughfare  is  WestmimUr  St.,  and  extending  from  it  to 
Weybosset  St.  is  the  Armde,  the  finest  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  It  is  225  ft. 
long  by  80  wide,  a  portion  in  the  centre  being  50  ft.  wider ;  it  is  3  stories  high,  has 
78  sho])s,  and  is  devoted  chiefly  to  the  retail  trade,  the  principal  articles  sold  being 
dry-goods,  boots  and  shoes,  hats,  and  jewelry.  The  building  is  of  granite,  with  two 
imposing  Doric  porticoes,  one  on  each  street.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  massive  granite 
building  of  the  Guttom-Houte  and  Pott-Offiee.  The  State-House  is  a  small  brick 
building  on  the  E.  side  of  Providence  River,  at  the  comer  of  Main  and  Court  Sts. 
Near  the  railroad  depot  a  granite  building  for  the  City  Hall  has  recently  been  com- 
menced, which  is  estimated  to  cost  $675,000,  and  which  will  be  one  of  the  flnest 
municipal  buildings  in  New  England.  A  County  Court-Houte  is  to  be  erected  on 
the  cor.  of  College  and  Benefit  Sts.  The  new  Opera-Uouge  and  the  Butler  Exchange 
(in  Westminster  St.)  are  fine  structures ;  and  several  of  the  school-houses  are  ex- 
ceptionally handsome  buildiUi^s.  Close  by  the  railroad  depot  in  the  middle  of  an 
open  square  ib  the  S«idier«>  ami  Sailers'  NwuMBt,  erected  by  the  State  in  memory  of 
its  citizens  who  fell  in  the  civil  war.  It  was  designed  by  Randolph  Rogers,  cost 
♦60.000,  and  conrists  of  a  base  of  blue  Westerly  granite,  with  five  bronze  statues. 
On  the  monument  are  inscribed  the  names  of  the  soldiers  it  commemorates,  1,741  in 
number. 

There  are  76  churches  in  the  city,  of  which  the  most  notable  are:  the  Fint 
Baptist,  a  quain'^  old  edifice,  erected  in  1774— '75,  standing  in  op^^n  grounds  on  the 
side  of  a  hill  (i:!i  N.  Main  St.  near  President).  It  was  founded  in  1639,  and  is  the 
oldest  Baptist  society  in  America.  Oraee  Church  (Episcopal),  in  Westminster  St.,  is 
a  handsome  stone  structure,  with  an  exceedingly  graceful  spire.  St.  Stephen't 
(EpiscopaF  is  a  substantial  brown-stone  edifice,  with  stained-glass  windows,  and 
richly-decorated  interior.  The  Union  Congregational,  and  the  Roman  Catholic 
churches  of  St.  Mary  and  St.  Joseph,  are  fine  buildings.  On  the  heights  in  the  E. 
section  of  the  city  stand  the  6  handsome  buildings  of  Brawn  Vahersl^,  an  old  and 
important  institution  of  learning.  It  was  founded  in  1764,  and  was  first  located  at 
Warren,  Rhode  Island,  but  was  removed  to  Providence  in  1770.     Its  library  con- 


76 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   OITIER 


ti 


r 


tains  over  40,000  volumes,  and  is  remarkably  rich  in  rare  and  costly  works.  The 
Museum  of  Natural  History  contains  a  valuable  collection  of  specimens ;  and  the 
art-collection  embraces  some  good  portraits.  The  grounds  comprise  16  acres,  and 
arc  beautifully  adorned  with  elms.  The  Rhode  hland  Hutorual  Society,  founded 
in  1822,  occupies  a  fine  brick  and  granite  building  opposite  the  University  grounds. 
It  has  a  library  of  6,000  volumes  and  85,000  pamphlets,  besides  a  large  collection  of 
MSS.  and  other  memorials  relating  to  the  history  of  the  State.  The  AtheiKiB,  cor. 
College  and  Benefit  Bts.,  is  a  substantial  granite  building,  containing  a  reading-room 
and  a  well-selected  library  of  84,000  volumes ;  also  some  valuable  paintings,  includ- 
ing portraits  by  Allston  and  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  and  Malbone's  masterpiece.  The 
Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane  occupies  large  and  imposing  buildings  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Seekonk  River,  surrounded  by  extensive  grounds.  The  Dexter  Asylum  for  the 
Poor  is  a  fine  edifice  of  brick,  situated  on  elevated  land  £.  of  the  rive  in  Hope  St. 
The  grounds,  which  comprise  about  40  acres,  are  inclosed  by  a  stone  w.ill  8  ft.  high. 
The  Rhode  Island  Hospital  has  stately  buildings  surrounded  by  pleasant  grounds  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  city,  fronting  on  the  harbor.  The  R^orm  School  occupies  the 
large  mansion  in  the  8.  E.  section  of  the  city,  formerly  known  as  the  Tockwotton 
House ;  and  near  by  is  the  Home  for  Aged  Women.  The  State  Prison  is  a  gloomy 
structure  on  the  N.  side  of  the  cove,  near  the  depot. 

Besides  the  promenades  about  the  cove,  there  are  several  small  public  squares. 
Roger  Williams  Park,  containing  about  100  acres,  is  L>ear  the  W.  shore  of  Narra- 
gansett  Bay,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  city ;  it  was  devised  to  the  city  in  1871  l)y  Betsey 
Williams,  a  descendant  of  Roger  Williams.  Swan  Paint  CcHCtery,  tastefully  laid  out 
and  elegantly  ornamented,  is  on  the  £.  bank  of  the  Seekonk  River,  near  the  Butler 
Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

At  Cranston,  4  m.  W.  of  Providence,  is  the  famous  Narragansett  Trotting  Park. 
A  favorite  drive  is  to  Hunfs  Mill  (3i  m.),  where  there  is  a  beautiful  brook  with  a 
picturesque  little  cascade.  F««  de  VEau  is  the  name  of  a  spacious  summer-hotel, 
picturesquely  perched  upon  a  high  terrace  4  ni.  below  the  city,  overlooking  the  Bay 
and  the  country  for  many  miles  around.  Pawt\  'xet,  6  m.  from  the  city  on  the  W. 
shore  of  the  Bay,  has  a  fine  beach  and  excellent  bathing.  Below  is  Oaspie  Point, 
which  was  the  scene  of  a  noted  exploit  during  the  Revolution.  Some  citizens  of 
Providence,  after  ad.'oitly  beguiling  a  Britiali  sloop-of-war  (the  Gasp^e)  upon  the 
treacherous  bar,  stole  down  by  night  in  boats  and  after  capturing  the  crew 
burned  the  vessel  to  the  water's  edge.  Rofky  Point,  equidistant  between  Providence 
and  Newport,  is  an  attractive  summer  retreat,  among  shady  groves  and  rocky 
glens,  on  the  W.  shore.  Here  is  a  good  hotel  with  batliing-houses  attached,  and  a 
tower,  170  ft.  high,  affording  a  charming  view  of  the  Bay  ond  the  adjacent  country. 
But  the  plftce  is  chiefly  famous  for  its  clam-bakes,  which  are  nnequalcd  elsewhere. 
Marked  Rock  is  another  poi)ular  excursion-place,  a  few  miles  higher  up  the  Bay. 
In  suiumer-time,  steamers  leave  Providence  almost  eve^y  hour  for  the  various 
resorts  on  the  Bay  (50c.  for  the  round  trip),  ana  4  times  daily  for  Newporc. 


PHII.AI>EIJ>HIA  TO  PITTSBURa 

(Fia  Pennsylvania  Ceniral  R.  B.    Distance,  855  m.    Time,  l!i-14  brs.    Fare,  tlO.) 

This  fine  line  constitutes  one  of  the  chief  highways  of  travel  and  traffic  between 
the  Atlantic  coact  and  the  Western  States.  It  extends  from  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia through  the  entire  length  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  Ohio  River  at  Pittsburg, 
where  it  connects  with  routes  for  all  parts  of  the  West,  Southwest,  and  Northwest. 
At  various  points  along  the  router  is  some  of  the  most  beautiful  scenery  to  be  found 
in  America. 

For  the  first  hundred  miles  after  leaving  Philadelphia,  the  road  runs  through 
tlie  rich  agricultural  counties  of  Chester,  Lancaster,  and  Dauphin,  in  which  the 
size  and  solidity  of  the  houses  and  barns,  and  the  perfection  of  the  cultivation, 
more  nearly  resemble  the  best  farming  districts  of  England  than  any  other  portion 
of  the  United  States.    On  either  hand  may  be  seen  an  almost  constant  succession 


tly  works.    The 

sinaens;  and  the 

ise  16  acres,  and 

Society,  founded 

versity  grounds. 

rge  collection  of 

le  AtkciKiH,  cor. 

g  a  reading-room 

aintingB,  includ- 

asterj-iece.    The 

on  the  W.  bank 

Atylum  for  the 

rive-  in  Hope  St. 

le  w,ill  8  ft.  high. 

asant  grounds  in 

ool  occupies  the 

the  Tockwotton 

'mon  is  a  gloomy 

[ill  public  squares. 
.  shore  of  Narra- 
n  1871  by  Betsey 
tastefully  laid  out 
r,  near  the  Butler 

tt  Trotting  Park. 
iful  brook  with  a 
)us  summer-hotel, 
erlooking  the  Bay 
the  city  on  the  W. 
f  is  Oatpee  Point, 
Some  citizens  of 
Gasp6e)  upon  the 
pturing  the  crew 
jtwoen  Providence 
proves  and  rocky 
es  attached,  and  a 
I  adjacent  country, 
sqnaled  elsewhere. 
Wgher  up  the  Bay. 
r  for  the  various 
Newporc. 


Fare,  |10.) 

ind  traffic  between 
e  city  of  Philadel- 
iver  at  Pittsburg, 
st,  and  Northwest, 
ienery  to  be  found 

road  runs  through 
hin,  in  which  the 
of  the  cultivation, 
any  other  portion 
onstant  succession 


"51 


PITTSBURG. 


77 


of  quaint  old  houses,  of  stone  or  brick,  surrounded  by  orchards  and  shade-trees,  and 
Htanding  in  the  midst  of  a  country  singularly  park-like  in  character ;  while  it  brief 
intervals  towns  and  villages  cluster  along  the  line.  The  first  place  of  importance  is 
Lancaster  (70  m.),  which  was  once  the  principal  inland  town  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
the  seat  of  the  State  government  from  1799  to  1812.  It  is  now  a  prosperous  manu- 
facturing city  of  20,000  inhabitants,  containing  many  fine  building,  public  and  pri- 
vate. Hirrlsbarg  (107  m.)  is  ihe  present  capital  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  cates  tVom  1786,  and 
in  1870  had  a  populati  m  of  24,796.  The  State-House  is  a  fine  old  building,  situ- 
ated upon  a  commanding  eminence  N.  of  the  city,  and  is  plainly  visible  from  the 
cars.  A  little  S.  of  it  stands  the  State  Arsenal.  About  6  m.  above  Harrisburg  the 
railroad  ;iros8es  the  Susquehanna  on  a  sitlendid  hridge  8,G70  ft.  long ;  the  view  from 
the  centro  of  the  bridge  is  one  of  the  finest  on  the  .ine.  Duneannon  (122  m.)  is  at 
the  entrance  to  the  beautiful  Juniata  Valley,  which  is  followed  for  about  100  m.  to 
the  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  landscape  o^  the  Juniata  is  in  the  high- 
est degree  picturesque.  The  mountain  background,  as  we  look  continually  across 
the  river  from  the  cars,  is  often  strikingly  bold  snd  mfgestio.  The  passage  through 
the  Great  Tuscarora  Mountain,  1  m.  W.  of  Netuoort  (185  m.),  is  especially  fine. 
Mount  Union  Station  (193  m.)  is  at  the  entrance  of  the  gap  at  Jack's  Mountain. 
3  m.  beyond  is  the  famous  Sidling  Hill,  and  still  farther  W.  the  Broad  Top  Moun- 
tain. At  Tyrone  City  (224  m.)  the  line  enters  the  Tuckahoe  Valley,  noted  for  its 
iron-ore.  At  Altoona  (239  m.),  which  is  a  handsome  city  of  15,000  inhabitants,  the 
ascent  of  the  Alleghanies  begins ;  and  in  the  course  of  the  next  11  miles  some  of 
the  finest  scenery  and  the  greatest  feats  of  engineering  on  the  entire  line  are  to  be 
seen.  Within  this  distance  the  road  mounts  to  the  tunnel  at  the  sun:mit  by  so  steep 
a  grade  that  while  in  the  ascent  double  power  is  required  to  move  the  triuu,  the  entire 
11  m.  of  descent  are  run  without  steam,  the  speed  of  the  train  being  regulated- by 
the  "  brakes."  At  one  point  there  is  a  curve  w',  o'l.ort  as  the  letter  U,  and  that,  too, 
where  the  grade  is  so  steep  that  in  looking  across  from  side  to  side  it  se^ms  that, 
were  the  tracks  laid  contiguous  to  each  other,  thej  would  form  a  letter  X.  The 
road  hugs  the  sides  of  the  mountains,  and  from  the  windows  nezt  to  the  valley  the 
traveler  can  look  down  on  houses  and  trees  dwarfed  to  toys,  while  men  and  ani- 
mals appear  ike  ants  from  the  great  elevation.  Going  west,  the  left-hand,  and  coming 
east,  the  right-hand  side  of  the  cars  is  most  favorable  for  enjoy'ig  the  scene.-y. 
The  summit  of  the  mountain  is  pierced  by  a  tunnel  3,670  tl.  long,  through  which 
the  train  passes  before  commencing  to  descend  the  W.  slope.  Johnstown  (277  m.), 
at  the  junction  of  Stony  Creek  with  Oonemaugh  River,  commands  some  attractive 
scenery.  The  Cambria  Iron-Works,  seen  lo  the  r.  of  the  road,  are  among  the 
most  extensive  in  America.  At  Blairsville  (301  m.)  the  road  forks  and  runs  by 
two  distinct  routes  to  Allegheny  City  and  Pittsburg.  From  this  point  there  k 
nothing  calling  for  especial  mention,  though  the  intervening  country  on  either  route 
is  most  bAHutiful  and  picturesque. 

PITTSBT7RO. 

Httds  t  Hfonongahela  House  ($4  a  day),  cor.  Water  and  Sraithfleld  Sts. ;  the 
Union  Depot  ($3.50  :.  day),  in  the  railroad  depot ;  and  the  St.  Charles,  cor.  8d  Ave. 
and  Wood  St.  Near  the  depot  are  the  ^S'^  James  and  Rush  Hoteh,  on  the  European 
plan. 

PITTSBURG,  the  second  city  of  Pennsylvania  in  population  and  importance,  is 
situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela  Rivers,  which 
here  form  the  Ohio.  The  city  proper  occupies  the  delta  between  the  two  rivers, 
and  in  1870  had  a  population  of  86,076 ;  but  in  1873  and  1874  enough  of  the  subur- 
ban towns  were  annexed  to  raise  the  population  (according  to  the  census  of  1870) 
to  121,799.  The  population  in  1875  was  e'timated  by  the  local  authorities  at  140,- 
000.  Pittsburg  was  laid  out  in  1765  on  the  site  of  the  old  French  Fort  dn  Quesne, 
famous  in  colonial  annals,  and  on  its  capture  by  the  British  the  name  was  changed 
to  Fort  Piit,  in  honor  of  William  Pitt.    The  city  charter  was  grar^ted  in  1816.    In 


i 


Bp 


78 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICA!^  CITIES. 


1846  a  conflagrntion  destroyed  the  entire  bumneiis  qaarter,  consuming  $5,000,000 
worth  of  property.  The  city  is  substantially  an<]  compactly  built,  and  contains 
many  fine  residences,  particularly  in  the  E.  section.  A  large  number  of  the  princi- 
pal avenues  art  graded  and  paved.  Horse-cars  run  tlirou  ,'h  the  principal  streets, 
and  to  the  suburbs.     Seven  bridges  span  the  Alleghauy  River  and  6  the  Mononga- 


PIttBburs 

hela.  From  its  situation,  Pittsburg  eiyoys  excellent  commercial  facilities,  and  has 
become  the  centre  of  an  extensive  commerce  with  the  Western  States ;  while  its 
vicinity  to  the  inexhaustible  iron  and  coal  mines  of  Pennsylvania  has  raised  it  to 
great  and  merited  distinction  as  a  manufacturing  centre.  The  extent  of  its  inm 
manufactures  has  given  it  the  appellation  of  the  "  Iron  City,"  while  the  heavy  pall 
of  smoke  that  constantly  overhangs  it,  produced  by  burning  bituminous  coal  in  all 
the  dwelling-houses  and  manufacturing  establishments,  has  caused  it  to  be  styled 
the  "Smoky  City."  About  one-fourth  of  the  pig-iron  and  blooms  of  tht  United 
States  is  used  by  the  rolling-mills  of  Pittsburg,  of  which  there  are  16  ;  and  about 
150  minor  iron-establishments  convert  the  product  of  these  mills  into  machinery 
and  implements  for  agriculture  and  domestic  use.  The  annual  value  of  the  iron 
manufactures  is  about  $30,000,000.  There  are  8  steel- works,  of  which  the  average 
annual  product  is  valued  at  $7,000,000 ;  and  5  copper-manufactories  with  an  annual 
product  worth  $3,000,000.  The  glass-manufacturing  establishments  are  nearly  50 
m  number,  producing  articles  of  the  annual  value  of  about  $11,000,000.  Pittsburg 
is  also  largely  identified  with  the  production  of  petroleum,  and  contains  numerous 
Vefineries.  The  stranger  will  have  missed  the  city's  most  characteristic  sights  if  he 
fails  to  visit  some  of  its  g^eat  manufacturing  establishments,  particularly  those  of 
iron  and  glass.  The  Ameriean  Iron-  Workt  alone  employ  2,500  hands  and  cover 
17  acres ;  and  the  Fort  Pitt  Works  are  on  a  gigantic  scale. 

Smithfleld  St.  is  the  principal  business  thoroughfare,  and  trade  is  very  active  in 
Penn  and  Liberty  Sts.,  and  Mh  Ave.,  which  contains  many  handsome  retail  stores. 
Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  MuMpal  Hall,  cor.  Smithfleld  and  Virgin  Sts., 
costing  ^750,000,  with  a  granite  front  and  a  massive  central  tower;  the  Court- 
t'-vue.,  a  solid  stone  edifice,  cor.  5th  Ave.  and  Grant  St.,  with  a  columned  portico 
an'     urmounted  by  a  dome;    the  Cu»tom-Hou»e  and  Post-Office,   a  commodious 


C-;A°^H      TIIW^.aekttt.VrKMAIL'ir.A...* 


•ir 


»»'I.'"MI  'Ifti 


3-,. 


MM 


ALLSOnENY  CITY. 


79 


Iming  $6,000,000 

lit,  and  contains 

\er  of  the  princi- 

;)rincipal  streets, 

the  Monon^a- 


facilities,  and  has 
1  States;  while  its 
ia  has  raised  it  to 

extent  of  its  iron 
hile  the  heavy  pall 
jminous  coal  in  all 
led  it  to  be  style<l 
oms  of  thfc  United 
are  16  ;  and  about 
lis  into  machinery 

value  of  the  iron 
which  the  averajre 
ries  with  an  annual 
ents  are  nearly  60 
00,000.  Pittsburg 
contains  numerous 
teristic  sights  if  he 
rticularly  those  of 
)  hands  and  cover 

ie  is  very  active  in 
Isome  retail  stores. 
Id  and  Virgin  Sts., 
tower;  the  Court- 
i  columned  portico 
ce,   a  commodious 


structure  of  stone,  cor.  Smithfield  St.  and  6th  Ave. ;  and  the  ITittei  States  Annul,  a 
group  of  spacious  buildings  standing  in  the  midst  of  ornamental  gronnds  in  the  N.  E. 
section  of  the  city.  Of  the  150  churches,  the  most  imposing  is  the  Koiuuu  Catholic 
Cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  a  large  edifice  of  brick,  with  2  spires  and  a  dome  over  the 
choir.  Triilty  Chirch  (Fpiscopal)  is  n  fine  building  in  the  English-Gothic  style,  in  6th 
St.  near  Smithfield  St.  St.  Thomas  (Episcopal),  in  Grant  St.,  is  also  a  handsome 
structure.  The  First  Presbyterian,  near  Trinity  Church,  is  a  massive  stone  edifice 
with  two  towers.  Other  notable  church  edifices  are  the  First  Baptist  and  the 
Third  Presbyterian.  The  new  and  elegnnt  building  of  the  McrtaatUe  Utnry  is  in 
Penn  St. ;  it  cost  $260,000,  and  contains  15,000  volumes  and  a  well-supplied  reading- 
room.  In  the  same  building  are  the  rooms  and  collections  of  the  Pittsbvrg  Art 
Association.  Tiie  Young  Men^s  Christian  Association  has  a  good  reading-room  at 
the  cor.  of  Penn  and  6th  Sts.  There  ore  in  the  city  two  tlieatresi,  an  Opera-House,  an 
Academy  of  Music,  and  several  public  halls. 

The  Westitrn  University,  founded  in  1819,  has  a  handsome  building  in  the  S.  E. 
part  of  the  city,  near  the  Monongahela,  and  in  1874  had  17  instructors  and  252  stu- 
dents. It  has  a  library  of  2,600  volumes,  extensive  philosophical  and  chemical 
apparatus,  and  a  cabinet  containing  over  10,000  specimens  in  geology,  mineralogy, 
conchology,  and  zofilogy.  The  Pittsburg  Female  College  (Methodist)  is  a  flourish- 
ing institution.  Several  of  the  public-school  buildings  are  large  and  substantial. 
Among  the  principal  charitable  institutions  are  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
an  immense  building  in  Ridge  Ave.,  with  a  department  for  the  insane  at  Dixmont, 
on  the  Pittsb'irg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  R.  R. ;  the  City  General  Hospital;  the 
Ilomceopathie  Hospital  and  Dispensary;  the  Mercy  Hospital,  in  Stephenson  St.; 
the  Episcopal  Church  Home  ;  and  the  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum.  The  Con- 
tent of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  (Webster  Ave.  cor.  of  Chatham)  is  the  oldest  house  of 
the  Older  in  America. 

Birmingham  is  a  fiourisliing  suburb,  lying  across  the  Monongahela  from  Pitts- 
burg (reached  by  bridge  or  ferry),  It  has  important  manufactories  of  glass  and 
iron,  which  are  worth  a  visit.  Manchester,  now  a  jiart  of  Allegheny  City,  is  2  m. 
below  Pittsburg  on  the  Ohio.  Here  is  located  the  House  of  Refuge,  incorporated 
in  1850 ;  and  the  Paasionist  Monastery  of  St.  Paul  and  the  Franciscan  Convent  are 
near  by.  The  United  States  Marine  Hospital  is  a  short  distance  below.  East 
Liberty,  5  m.  from  Pittsburg,  on  the  Central  R.  R.,  is  a  thriving  suburb,  containing 
some  fine  residences,  and  affording  a  delightftil  drive  to  and  from  the  city. 


AIXEaHBNT    OrfT. 
Hotel  i  The  Central  Allegheny  House  ($4  a  day). 

ALLEGHENY  CITY  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  oppo- 
site Pittsburg,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  5  bridges.  Its  manufacturing 
interests  are  large,  and  the  elegant  ret^ideuces  of  many  Pittsburg  merchants  may  be 
seen  here,  occupying  commanding  situations.  In  1870  the  citj  hurl  a  population  of 
53,180.  Tiie  City  Hall  is  on  the  square  at  the  crossing  of  01  'o  and  Federal  Sts., 
and  the  Allegheny  Library  is  close  by.  The  finest  church  in  the  city  is  St.  Prter's 
(Episcopal),  which  has  a  bass-relief  of  the  Ascension  over  the  entrance.  The  Western 
Pnilteatlkry  is  an  immense  stone  building,  in  the  ancient  Norman  style,  situated  on 
the  "  common."  It  was  completed  in  1827,  at  a  cost  of  $183,000.  Visitors  are  ad- 
mitted from  2  to  4J  p.  m.  every  day  except  Saturdays  and  Sundays.  The  Westerr. 
Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian)  waa  established  here  in  1827.  It  is  situated  on 
a  lofty,  insulated  ridge,  100  it.  above  the  river  (reached  by  Ridge  St.),  and  affords  a 
magnificent  prospect.  The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church, 
established  in  1826,  and  the  Allegheny  Theological  Institute,  organized  in  1840  by 
the  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  are  also  located  here.  The  Alle- 
gheny Obsertatory,  situated  on  an  elevated  site  N.  of  the  city,  is  a  department  of  the 
Western  University  at  Pittsburg.  Tlie  Public  Park  lies  around  the  centre  of  the 
city  ;  it  contains  100  acres,  and  is  adorned  with  several  tiny  lakelets  and  a  monu- 


ritllltifll.>l..-ill. 


tnviirri"!  ifrtS«««i 


ili'r^aVVli'il^hTftWi'tiV'iiii  Vt>'  •'ifrjiiiii'lriilii 


'■V^Ti'iin'iiii^ii' 


80 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


;! 


M' 


inent  to  Humboldt.  Oa  a  lofty  crest  near  the  Alleghany  in  the  E.  pr  rt  of  the  city 
stands  the  SaMlen^  MMaa«at,  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  4,000  men  of  Alleghany 
Co.  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  civil  war.  It  consists  of  a  gracefil  column,  snr- 
rounded  at  the  base  with  statues  of  an  infantry-man,  a  cavalry-man,  an  artillerist, 
and  a  sailor,  and  surmounted  by  a  bronze  female  figure  of  colossal  size.  A  tine  viev. 
is  obtained  from  this  point. 

NEW  YORK   TO   OHIO AOOu— ROUTE   J. 

(FidNowTork  Central  &  Hadson  River  K.  R.,  and  Great  Western  and  Hlcbigan  CentrnI  Railways. 
Dlitance,  fl61  m.    Time,  abont  86  hrs.    Fare,  $82.) 

Fbom  New  York  City  to  Albany  this  route  is  substantially  the  same  as  that 
described  in  the  trip  by  steamer  up  the  Hudson  iliver.  (See  p.  51.)  From  the  cars, 
however,  only  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  is  visible,  and  tlie  most  attractive  portions 
of  the  scenery  are  missed.  The  portion  of  the  route  between  Albany  and  Rochester 
has  also  been  described.  (See  p.  55.)  Leaving  Koohesfr.  the  road  runs  through  a 
rich  agricultural  region,  passing  two  or  three  small  bni  pretty  towns,  to  Loel^ort 
(429  m.  from  New  York),  a  tliriving  little  city  of  15,000  inhabitants,  famous  for  its 
limestone-quarries  and  its  manufacture  of  flour.  Here,  the  wonderful  system  of 
locks  by  which  the  Frie  Canal  descends  from  the  level  of  Lake  Erie  to  the  Genesee 
level,  is  visible  '^rom  the  windows  of  the  cars.  At  Supcnsion  Bridge  (448  m.)  the  train 
crosses  the  Niagara  River,  In  full  view  of  the  Falls  and  of  the  rapids  rushing  toward 
the  whirlpool  be.ow.  The  bridge  itself  is  worth  attentioa  as  one  of  the  achievements 
of  modern  engineering.  It  is  800  ;.  long  from  tower  to  tower,  is  258  ft.  above  the 
water,  and  was  fln'shed  in  1853  at  a  cost  of  $600,000.  A  carriage  and  foot  way  is 
suspended  28  ft.  be  ow  the  railway-tracks.  From  Snspensiuu  Bridge  to  Detroit,  the 
route  runs  through  Canada,  and  is  most  uninteresting.  In  the  neighborhood  of  St. 
Oatharine^s  (459  ra.)  and  Homilton  (4R0  m.)  there  is  some  attractive  scenery,  but 
with  these  exceptions  everything  is  dull,  flat,  and  monotonous,  and  the  traveler  will 
bo  glad  when,  emergbg  from  a  deep  cut,  he  suddenly  comes  upon  the  bank  of  the 
Detroit  Rive  "*  Windsor  (678  m.),  opposite  Detroit,  Michigan.  Here  the  train  is 
tr.:;isferred  to  ...a  other  side  of  the  river  on  a  steam  ferry-boat,  and  the  route  is 
resumed  on  the  line  of  the  Michigan  Central  R.  R.  Befroit  (679  m.)  is  fully  de- 
scribed below.  From  Detroit  to  Chicago  the*  road  runs  through  a  fine  agricultural 
country,  tlie  general  aspect  of  which  is  pleasing,  especially  in  spring  and  summer, 
but  whicli  is  not  of  a  striking  or  picturesque  character.  In  many  places  it  passes 
through  dense  virgin  woods,  and  in  others  across  and  along  the  winding  rivers 
which  abundantly  water  tliis  section  of  Michigan.  The  only  towns  on  the  line  call- 
ing for  special  notice  are  Ann  Arbor  (715  m.),  a  very  pleasant  place,  famous  as  the 
seat  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  one  of  tlie  noblest  institutions  .>f  learning  in 
Airerica  ;  Jacknon  (753  m.),  a  city  of  about  11,000  inhabitants,  containing  the  State 
Prison,  and  numerous  manufactories;  and  Kalamazoo,  which  >ias  the  reputation  of 
being  the  most  beautiful  town  in  the  State,  whioii  contains  several  important  educa- 
tional institutions,  and  which  is  the  site  of  the  "State  Asylum  for  the  Insane." 


DBTROIT. 

Hotels  I  The  three  leading  hotels  are  the  Emsell  House,  fronting  on  the  Campus 
Ma"tius,  the  Biddle  House,  and  the  Michigan  Exchange. 

DETROIT,  the  chief  city  of  Michigan,  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Detroit 
River,  a  noble  stream  or  rather  strait  20  in.  long,  connecting  Lakes  Erie  and 
St.  Clair,  and  affording  the  best  harbor  on  the  entire  chain  of  the  Great  Lakes.  The 
river  varies  in  width  from  i  to  1  m.,  has  a  current  of  from  2  to  3  in.  "n  hour,  and  is 
noted  for  the  clearness  and  purity  of  its  deep,  fish-teeming  waters.  The  city  extends 
along  the  Imnk  for  about  7  m.,  and  is  built  up  for  about  2^  m.  from  ch';  water.  For 
at  least  6  m.,  the  river-front  is  lined  with  mills,  dry-docks,  ship-yards,  fonnderies, 
grain-elevators,  railway-depots,  and  warehouses.  For  a  short  distance  from  the 
river-bank  the  ground  rises  gradually,  and  then  becomes  perfectly  level,  ■'."nishing 


te*^ 


L 


wuk 


di* 


|pfrt  of  the  city 
BD  of  Alleghany 
|fi  1  ooiumn,  anr- 
m,  an  artillerist, 
ze.     A  fine  viev. 


|ii  Centrnl  Railway!. 

le  same  as  that 
From  the  care, 
[tractive  portions 
y  and  Rochester 
runs  through  a 
ns,  to  Loehport 
ts,  famous  for  its 
lerful  system  of 
e  to  the  Genesee 
448  m.)  the  train 
s  rushing  toward 
the  achievements 
258  ft.  above  the 
and  foot  way  is 
?o  to  Detroit,  the 
^hborhood  of  aS'^. 
tive  scenery,  but 
the  traveler  will 
the  bank  of  the 
lere  the  train  is 
and  the  route  is 
9  m.)  is  fully  de- 
fine agricultural 
ring  and  summer, 
f  places  it  passes 
e  winding  rivers 
i  on  the  line  call- 
;e,  famous  as  the 
ns  .if  learning  in 
itaining  the  State 
the  reputation  of 
important  educa- 
the  Insane." 


ig  on  the  Campus 

:s  of  the  Detroit 
^  Lalies  Erie  and 
reat  Lakes.  The 
a.  "Ti  hour,  and  is 
The  .'ity  extends 
civs  waicr.  For 
'ards,  foniideries, 
istance  from  the 
level,  /.I'-nishing 


DETROIT. 


81 


an  admirable  site  for  ^  large  city.  Detroit  is  laid  out  upon  two  plans:  the  one  that 
of  a  circle  with  avenues  radiating  from  the  Grand  Circus  as  a  centre ;  the  other  that 
of  streets  orojsing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The  result  is  a  slight  degree  of  intri- 
cacy in  certain  localities,  which  inconvenience  is  more  than  compensated  by  a  num- 


Dotrolt. 

ber  of  little  triangular  parks  which  diversify  and  ornament  the  place.  Tbe  avenues 
are  from  100  to  200  ft.  wide ;  the  streets  vary  in  width  from  50  to  10<  li..  nd  are 
generally  shaded  by  an  abundance  of  trees.  The  site  of  Detroit  was  it.it '  <>  by  the 
French  as  early  as  1610;  'jut  no  permanent  settlement  was  made  until  ~  .  when 
Fort  Pontchartrain  was  built.  In  1768  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and 
immediately  afterward  was  besieged  for  11  months  by  Pontiac  in  his  attempt  to 
expel  the  whites  from  that  region.  In  1788  Detroit  was  ceded  to  the  United  States, 
but  the  Americans  did  not  take  possession  of  it  till  1706.  During  the  war  of  1812 
it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British,  but  was  recaptured  in  1813.  It  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1824,  when  its  population  was  less  than  2,000,  and  in  1870  had  79,577 
inhabitants.  The  manufactures  of  the  city  are  numerous  and  important,  including 
extensive  iron-works  and  machine-shops,  8  railroad-car  factories,  flour-mills,  brew- 
eries, and  immense  tobacco  and  cigar  factories.  The  shipping  interests  are  also 
large,  while  pork  and  fish  packing  emplmr  numerous  hands. 

The  principal  streets  of  the  city  are  Jefferson  Ave.,  j)arallel  with  the  river;  WMd- 
ward  ATf  >,  which  crosses  the  former  at  right  angles,  and  divides  the  city  into  two 
nearly  equal  parts;  and  Fort  St.,  Michigan  Ave.,  Grand  Siver  Ave.,  and  Oratiot 
St.,  at  various  angles  vv-ith  Woodward  Ave.  Wert  F«l  St  is  a  broad  and  beautiful 
street,  lined  with  elegant  residences;  and  Lafayette  Ave,  is  a  fashionable  street. 
Oiiawold  St.  is  the  Wall  St.  of  the  city.  The  Grand  Circus,  the  principal  park,  is 
semicircular  in  form,  and  is  divided  by  Woodward  Ave.  into  two  quadrants,  each 
containing  a  fountain.  About  ^  m.  from  the  Grand  Circus  is  the  Camput  Martius, 
an  open  space  600  ft.  long  and  260  ft.  wide,  which  is  crossed  by  Woodward  and 
Michigan  Avenues,  and  from  which  radiate  Monroe  Ave.  and  Fort  St.  Facing  the 
Oaibpus  Martius  on  the  W.  is  the.new  City  HaD,  a  handsome  structnre  200  ft.  long, 
90  ft.  wide,  and  180  ft.  high  to  the  top  of  the  tower,  completed  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of 
$600,000.  It  is  built  of  sandstone  in  the  Italian  style,  and  consists  of  3  stories  above 
the  basement,  with  a  Mansard  roof.    In  the  square  in  front  of  the  City  Hall  is  a  fine 


r  jli-ii  1 .-' J>  iiWr  ■ 


i'«.vi'.  ah'M.iii'.'.-  ilk  ;.. -I  Ji.  !.'"».. 


'■ltlllili"lii^ii<l'l''»'lifW 


9» 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


SoliUfrt'  Monument,  erected  in  meinorj  of  the  Michigan  soldiers  who  tell  in  the  civil 
war  FadnK  tlie  Campus  Martiu8  on  the  N.  is  the  Opera-Roiw,  one  of  the  larf^est 
and  most  eleg».)t  buildint^s  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  The  Vuttoin- Unnie,  M'hinh 
also  contains  the  Po»t-  Offire,  'u,  a  largo  stone  huildinj^  in  firiswold  St.  The  /hard  qf 
Wrade  Building  is  another  fine  editico,  but  it  in  unfortunately  located  in  Woodhridge 
St..  near  tlie  river,  whero  its  fine  proportions  cannot  be  seen  to  advantage.  The 
Fnlght-Dcpst  of  the  Miciiigan  C'entrnI  K.  H.  is  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  structures 
in  the  city.  It  stands  on  the  wharf,  and  consists  of  a  single  room,  1,260  ft.  I'jngand 
102  ft.  wide,  covered  liy  a  self-susttiming  roof  of  corrugated  iron.  In  thoimmediata 
vicinity  are  the  great  Wheat- Elevator  of  the  company,  from  the  cupoli.  of  which  a 
superb  view  of  the  city,  river,  an.!  Lakes  St.  Clair  and  Erie,  may  be  hiid;  and  the 
Bound  House,  in  whici;  16  locomotives  stand  under  a  dome  surpassed  in  size  only  by 
that  «f  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  Besides  the  Opera-House,  there  are  the  German 
Sttidt- Theater,  and  several  largo  public  hulls. 

The  churches  of  Detroit  are  noted  for  their  number  and  beauty.  St.  Anne't  (Ro- 
man Catholic),  Lamed  St.  cor  of  Bates,  is  the  ol  dst  church  in  the  city,  and  is  notea  for 
its  fine  choir.  The  (lathfdral  of  St  Peter  and  ,St.  Pail  (Roman  Catholic),  uefforson  Ave. 
cor.  of  St.  Antoine  St.,  is  the  hirgee*  chiach-ediflce  in  the  State,  and  has  nn  imposing 
interior.  St  Fail's  (Episcopal),  cor.  Congress  and  Shelby  8ts.,  is  the  parent  church 
of  the  diocese,  and  is  famous  for  its  beautiful  roof,  which  h  self-sustaining;  there  is 
not  a  pillar  in  the  building.  Other  handsome  Kaiscopal  churches  are  Vhri»V»,  in 
Jefferson  Ave.  above  Hastings  St.,  tii.  John't,  in  Woodward  Ave.,  and  Grace,  in  Fort 
St.  The  Fert  St.  Prabytcrlaii  (Fort  St.  co''.  ftd)  has  the  hendfomest  front  of  any  church 
in  the  city.  The  Central  Chartii  (Meth<j('lst',  in  Woodward  Ave.  above  fho  Grand 
Circus,  has  a  richly-decorated  interior.  Tna  First  I'resbyterian,  in  State  St.,  the 
Jefftrscn  Ave.  Presbyterian,  above  Rivard  St.,  and  the  First  (Congregational,  Fort 
St.  cor.  Wayne,  are  all  fine  edifice.s.  There  are  several  libi'trics  in  the  city,  of  which 
the  principal  are  the  Public  Library,  cantaiaing  20,000  volumes,  and  that  of  the 
Young  Men^s  Society,  containing  12,000.  The  Conveit  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  in  Jefferson 
Ave.  near  St.  Antoine  St.,  is  a  largo  and  very  beautiful  building  The  Ifoute  of 
Correction,  in  the  N.  portion  of  the  city,  is  considered  one  of  the  .\  ^t  reformatory 
prisons  in  the  country.  Directly  opposite  is  a  home  for  discharged  K  nale  prison- 
ers, who  are  received  here  and  furnished  \yith  work  until  place.'?  can  be  found  for 
them  out  of  reach  of  the  evil  influences  previously  surrounding  them.  The  U.  S. 
Marine  Hospital,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  just  abo^^e  the  city,  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  (Canada  shore.  Elmwood  Cemetery  is  a  beautiful  burying-ground  with- 
in the  city  limits  (reached  by  horse-cars).  Woodmere  Cemetery,  on  high  ground,  4 
).v.  W.  of  the  city,  is  of  recent  origin. 

Fort  Wayne  is  a  bastioned  redoubt,  about  8  m.  below  tbe  Michigan  Central  De- 
pot, standing  upon  the  bank  of  the  river  and  completely  comm.mding  the  channel. 
The  Fort  St.  and  Elmwood  horse-cars  run  within  half  a  mile  of  it,  and  it  is  &lso  a 
favorite  point  to  which  rides  and  drives  are  taken.  Belle  lie,  an  island  in  the  river 
opposite  the  upper  limit  of  the  city,  is  a  favorite  resort  for  picnics.  Uroue  Point, 
7  m.  above  the  city,  is  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  noted 
for  its  cherry-orchards,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a  beautiful  drive  over  a  good  road. 
Orosse  He,  18  m.  below  the  cit,y,  is  an  island  3  m.  long  by  1  m.  wide,  and  is  a  favor- 
ite resort  of  the  wealthier  residents  of  Detroit,  many  of  whom  have  beautiful  sum- 
mer residences  upon  it.  There  is  an  hotel  on  the  island,  and  the  fishing,  boatinp,  end 
bathing,  are  excellent.  Put-in-Biy  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Lake  Erie,  near 
the  mouth  of  Detroit  River,  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.  From  Detroit  there  is  a 
daily  steamer  in  SI  mmer  to  Kelly's  Island,  the  largest  of  the  group. 


miW  YORK  TO  OHIOAOO.— .BO  ITl'JS;  JJ. 

(Fto  Erie  and  Lake  i  hore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railway  p.    Dlatanco,  968  m.    Time,  about  86  bra. 

Fare,|«8.) 

The  Erie  Railw  ay,  over  which  this  route  passes  for  the  first  460  in.,  is  one  of  the 
greatest  triumphs  of  engineering  skill  in  thia  or  any  other  country,  and  affords  some 


L 


iiiii 


iii 


JLiotell  in  the  civil 
no  of  the  largest 

om-Hmt»e,  wliich 
It.  Tli«  lioard  (^ 
m  in  Woodbridjyo 
[iKlvjintaBe.     The 

vortliy  structures 
11,250  ft.  long  and 
I  In  thoitn  mediate 
pipoh,  of  which  a 

be  hud ;  and  the 
bod  in  size  only  by 
re  are  the  German 

St.  Anne's  (Ro- 
y,  and  is  noted  for 
c), ^efforson  Ave. 
d  has  im  imposing 
he  parent  church 
staining;  there  is 
es  are  ChrinVi,  in 
ind  Grace,  in  Fort 
•ont  of  any  church 
above  I'he  Grand 
in  State  St.,  the 
l/regational,  Fort 
the  city,  of  which 
8,  and  that  of  the 
Heart,  in  Jeifcrson 
ij      The  Ifotue  of 
)  . .  ^t  reformatory 
ged  t«.  nale  priaon- 
3  can  be  found  for 
them.     The  U.  S. 
,  commands  a  fine 
ying-ground  with- 
on  high  ground,  4 

higau  Central  De- 
eding the  channel, 
it,  and  It  is  &Iso  a 
island  in  the  river 
38.  Grotte  Point, 
31air.  It  is  noted 
over  a  good  road, 
ie,  and  is  a  favor- 
»ve  beautiful  sum- 
hing,  boatinp',  end 
in  Lake  Erie,  near 
Detroit  there  Is  a 


Time,  abont  86  hn. 

[)  n.,  is  one  of  the 
and  affords  some 


NEW   YOKK  TO   CHICAGO.  gg 

of  the  grandest  and  moHt  varied  scenery  to  be  found  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Portions  of  the-  line  were  considered  impHSsable  to  any  other  than  a  winged  creature, 
yi't  mountains  were  scaled  or  pierced,  and  river-caflons  imxhed,  by  blasting  a  path 
from  the  face  of  stupendous  ])re(:  ices;  gorges  of  fearful  depth  were  spanned  by 
bridges  swung  into  the  air ;  and  broad,  deep  vulluys  crossed  by  massive  viaductr. 
For  the  first  81  m.  the  road  traverses  the  Btate  of  Now  Jersey,  pasbing  through  the 
great  manufacturing  city  of  Pater$on  (17  m. ),  famed  for  the  beautiful  falls  of  tlie 
I'assaic.  Just  this  side  of  Stiffern't  Station,  it  crosses  the  line  and  enters  the  State 
of  New  York,  commencing  the  ascent  of  the  famous  Rainapo  Valley.  At  Sloattburn 
(iSff  m.)  the  road  pusnes  near  Greenwood  Lake,  a  noted  summer  resort,  around  which 
are  a  number  of  pretty  little  lakes.  Tumer't  (48  m.)  is  the  most  picturesque  station 
on  this  portion  of  the  line.  The  view  from  the  hill  N.  of  the  station  is  superb,  the 
Hudson  Klvcr,  with  FIshkill  and  Newburg,  being  in  sight.  On  approadiing  Otis- 
title  (70  m.),  the  eye  is  attracted  by  the  bold  dunks  of  the  Shawangunk  Mountain, 
the  passage  of  which  great  barrier  (once  deemed  insurmountable)  Is  a  miracle 
of  engineering  skill.  A  mile  beyond  Otisville,  af^er  travciHingan  ascending  grade 
of  40  ft.  to  tiio  mile,  the  road  runs  through  a  rock-cutting  50  ft.  deep  and  2,600  ft. 
"«nif     Thia  noiiac/]  th«  miiiimlt.  of  the  Ascent,  in  reached,  and  tlieixce  we  no  down  thfi 


ERRATUM. 

Under  Route  IL,  from  New  York  <>  Chicago  nia  Erie  Railwity,  it  is  incor- 
rectly stated  that  Dunkirk  is  includeu  in  the  route.  The  regular  through- 
trains  diverge  fu  the  west  at  Salamanca  (418  m.  from  New  York),  passing 
through  Meaf'.ville,  and  the  oil-region  of  Pennsylvania,  to  Cleveland.  Ticket* 
may  be  procured  via  Buffalo  and  Dunkirk  if  preferred. 


the  r.  a  p'cture  of  rare  and  bewitcnmg  beauty,  i nis  nrsi  gimipae  oi  hw  lyusqumtuimu 
is  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  points  of  the  varied  scenery  of  the  Erie  route.  A  sbct 
distance  below,  we  cross  the  great  Stamcea  Viaduet,  1,200  ft.  long  and  110  ft.  high, 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  $820,000.  From  the  vicinity  of  Susquehanna,  the  next  sta- 
tion (198  m.),  the  viaduct  itself  makes  a  most  effective  feature  of  the  valley  views. 
For  a  few  miles  beyond  Susquehanna  the  route  still  lies  amid  mountain-ridges,  bat 
these  are  soon  left  behind,  and  we  enter  upon  a  beautiful  hilly  and  rolling  country, 
thickly  dotted  with  villages  and  towns.  Binghamton  (215  m.)  Is  a  flourishing  city 
of  13,000  inhabitants,  an  important  railroad  centre,  and  the  sitd  of  the  State  Inebri- 
ate Asylum.  Twenty-one  miles  farther  we  come  to  Oteego,  a  large  and  prosperous 
manufacturing  town,  and  then  to  Elmira  (274  m.),  tlie  most  important  city  on  the 
road,  with  a  population  of  16,868.  At  Hornellsvill:  (882  m.)  we  reach  the  last  and 
least  interesting  division  of  the  road,  and  soon  after  begin  to  descend  to  the  Lake 
Erie  level,  passing  through  a  wild  and  desolate  region,  with  few  marks  of  human 
habitation.  At  Dunkirk  (460  m.)  we  reach  the  junction  with  the  Lake  Shore  line, 
and  leave  the  State  of  New  York,  crossing  the  upper  corner  of  Pennsylvania  to  Eri« 
(608  m.),  an  old,  pleasant,  and  Important  city  on  Lake  Erie.  The  country  now  be- 
comes more  picturesque  and  more  thickly  settled,  and  numerous  small  towns  cluster 
along  the  line.  Conneaut  (686  m.)  is  the  first  station  in  Ohio ;  but  the  first  place 
of  any  importance  is  Cleveland  (603  m.),  which  will  now  be  described.  (For  con- 
tinuation of  the  route  beyond  Cleveland,  see  p.  86.) 


r 


\!  ■ 


M  HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  C1TIE8. 

Sodiitrn^  Monument,  enacted  in  memory  ot'th«  MinliitraD  RoldiurM  whufell  inthooivil 
war.  FftoinK  tlie  C'ttnipim  Murtiuit  on  the  N.  is  the  Oytra-HMW,  one  of  the  lar^teHt 
anil  moBt  elugant  hnihliii^B  of  the  kind  in  the  oountrj.  The  t'uitom- /fou*t,  which 
all!)  contain*  the  Pout-  Ojfire,  in  a  largo  Htuno  huildinK  in  (irinwold  Ht.  The  lioard  nf 
'JVaiU  liuilding  h  another  fine  editice,  but  it  is  iint'urtunately  located  in  WoiMlhridge 
8t.,  noar  the  river,  where  Its  '^ne  i>roportion»  cannot  be  neen  to  advantage.  The 
I>clKlit*llc|Mt  of  the  Micliigan  <  '•■nl  K.  K.  \n  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  Mtruoturei 
in  the  city.     It  Htundn  on  tlie  /.  and  consistH  of  a  HJngle  room,  1,250  ft.  long  and 

102  ft.  wide,  covered  by  a  self-austaining  roof  of  corrugated  iron.  In  th<)iminediato 
vicinity  are  the  groat  Wheat- Elevator  of  the  company,  from  the  unpolu  of  whidi  a 
superb  view  of  the  city,  river,  and  Laices  Ht.  (^'lair  and  Erie,  may  be  had;  and  the 
Jiouml  Ilouie,  in  which  16  locomotives  Htand  under  a  dome  Murpassed  in  size  only  by 
that  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  Besides  the  Opera-House,  there  are  theOer'"an 
StaiU-  Theater,  and  several  large  public  hulls. 

The  churches  of  Detroit  are  noted  for  their  number  and  beauty.  St.  Anne't  (ko- 
UAn  Catholic),  Larned  Ht.  "or.  of  Bates,  is  the  oldest  church  in  the  city,  and  In  noted  for 
it»  i^ne  choir.    The  Cathedral  tf  St.  Peter  wmI  St.  Pail  (Roman  Catholic),  Jefferson  Ave. 


nr.f>     .,«' Q»      /lnfn!n»Uf       t,.  >Kn  l.< 


r.l..,>..>.  „.i;a»o 


view  of  the  Canada  shore,  t'tmteood  Cemetery  is  a  beautiful  bury'ng-ground  with- 
in the  city  lim'ts  (readied  by  horse-cars).  Woodmere  Cemetery,  on  high  ground,  4 
m.  W.  of  the  city,  is  of  rocsent  origin. 

Fort  Wayne  is  a  bastioned  redoubt,,  about  8  m.  below  the  Michigan  Central  De- 
pot, standing  upon  the  Imnk  of  the  riv  «.t  and  completely  commanding  the  channel. 
The  Fort  St.  and  Elmwoo<l  IiorHc-onr»  ran  within  half  a  mile  of  it,  and  it  is  also  a 
favorite  point  to  which  rides  and  drives  are  taken.  Belle  He,  an  island  in  the  river 
opposite  the  upper  limit  of  the  city,  is  a  favorite  resort  for  picnics.  Oroue  Point, 
7  m.  above  the  city,  is  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  noted 
for  its  cherry-orchards,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a  beautiful  drive  over  a  good  road. 
Oroste  He,  18  in.  below  the  city,  is  an  island  8  m.  long  by  1  ra.  wide,  and  is  a  favor- 
ite resort  of  the  wealthier  residents  of  Detroit,  many  of  whom  have  beautiful  sum- 
mer residences  upon  it,  'Inhere  is  an  hotel  on  the  island,  and  thetishing,  boating,  and 
bathing,  are  excellent.  Put-in-Bay  Itlands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Lake  Erie,  near 
the  mouth  of  Detroit  River,  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.  From  Detroit  there  is  a 
daily  steamer  in  summer  to  Kelly's  Island,  the  I&rgest  of  the  group.  .  „ 


NBW  YORK  TO  OBlOAaO.— ROUTE  IT, 

(  Via  Brie  and  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Sonthem  Railwayp.   Dlatancp,  968  n>.    Time,  abont  86  hn. 

Pare,  Wa.) 

The  Erie  Railw  ay,  over  which  this  route  passes  for  the  first  400  m.,  is  one  of  the 
greatest  triumphs  of  engineering  skill  in  this  or  any  other  country,  and  affords  some 


i. 


wm 


Mm 


^iAlMH 


NEW   YOKK  TO  CHICAGO. 


88 


ihu  fell  in  tho  oivil 
lone  of  the  lar^eHt 
mtom-//ou»e,  which 
pt.  Tiie  Hoard  qf 
led  in  Wo(Mll)ridffe 
\  ml  vantage.  The 
[worthy  Htruoturei 
l,2«0ft.  iongand 
In  th>;  itninediato 
luiipolu  of  which  a 
w  be  bad ;  and  the 
tsvd  in  size  only  by 
|re  are  the  Oor'^an 

fit.  Annt^t  (ho- 
Ity,  and  in  notea  for 
i<0.  JefferBon  Ave. 


"■■m 


ry'ng-ground  with- 
oii  high  ground,  4 

ohigan  Central  Be- 
nding the  channel. 
r  it,  and  it  is  also  a 

island  in  the  river 
08.  Oroue  Point, 
Clair.    It  is  noted 

over  a  good  road, 
ide,  and  is  a  favor- 
ave  beantifal  sum- 
ihing,  boating,  and 
in  Lake  Erie,  near 

Detroit  there  is  a 
?■ 


Time,  about  SB  hn. 

Om.,  is  one  of  the 
,  and  afforda  some 


of  the  grandent  and  ntONt  varied  scenery  to  be  found  cast  of  the  Rocky  Mountain*, 
^'ortions  of  the  line  went  conaidfred  inipusMable  to  any  other  than  u  wiiige<l  creature, 
yet  mountains  were  snaled  or  pierce<l,  and  river-canoiiH  iiat<r«(i,  by  bliisting  a  path 
from  the  face  of  stupendous  precipice* ;  gorges  of  fearful  depth  were  ttpanned  by 
bridges  swung  into  the  air;  and  Droa<l,  deep  valleys  crossed  l>y  mnsfue  viaducts. 
For  the  flrst  !tl  m.  the  road  traverses  the  Htate  of  New  Jersey,  passing  tliruugh  the 
great  manufacturing  city  of  Puterton  (17  U).),  famed  for  the  beautiful  falls  of  the 
I'aSHHic.  Just  this  side  of  Sujff'ern^$  Station,  it  crosMs  the  line  and  enters  tlie  State 
of  New  York,  commencing  the  ascent  of  the  famous  Kamupo  Valh^.  At  Sloatthura 
(!I6  m.)  the  road  pusses  near  Greenwood  Lake,  a  noted  summer  resort,  around  wliicn 
are  a  number  of  pretty  little  lakes.  Tumer'$  UH  m.)  is  the  most  pioturoB<|ue  station 
on  this  portion  of  tlie  line.  The  view  from  the  hill  N.  of  the  station  is  snporb,  the 
Hudson  Kiver,  with  Fishkill  and  Newburg,  being  in  sight.  On  approaching  Otit- 
title  (76  ni.).  the  eye  is  attracted  l)y  the  bold  tiunks  of  the  Hhawangunk  Mountain, 
tlie  passage  of  which  great  barrier  (once  deemed  insurmountable)  is  a  miracle 
of  engineering  skill.  A  mile  beyond  Otisville,  after  traversing  an  ascending  grod* 
of  40  ft.  to  the  mile,  the  road  runs  through  a  rock-cutting  SO  ft.  deep  and  2.600  ft. 
long.  This  passed,  the  suiii.nit  of  the  ascent  is  reached,  and  thence  we  go  down  the 
mountain's  side  many  sloping  miles  to  the  valley  beneath,  through  the  midst  of 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  Onward  the  way  increaHes  in  interest,  until  it  opens 
in  a  glimpse,  awar  over  the  valley,  of  the  mountain-spur  known  as  the  (hiddehaek ; 
and  at  its  base  the  glittering  water  is  seen,  now  for  the  first  time,  of  the  Delaware 
&  Hudson  Canal.  Eight  miles  beyond  Otisville  we  are  imnrisonod  in  a  deep  out  for 
nearly  a  mile,  and,  on  emerging  f^om  it,  there  lies  Hi>reaa  before  us  (on  the  r.)  the 
rich  and  lovely  valley  and  waters  of  the  Nevertink.  lieyond  sweeps  a  chain  of  blue 
hills,  and  at  their  feet,  terraced  high,  gleam  the  roofs  and  spires  of  the  town  of  Port 
Jervi*  (88  m.) ;  while  to  the  B.  the  eye  rests  upon  the  waters  of  the  Delaware,  along 
the  banks  of  which  tho  line  runs  for  the  next  00  m.  At  Shohola  (107  m.)  we  find 
ourselves  among  some  of  the  greatest  engineering  successes  of  the  Erie  route,  and 
some  of  its  chief  pictorial  charms.  Here  the  road  lies  on  the  mountain-side,  several 
hundred  feet  above  the  river,  along  a  mighty  gully,  supported  by  grand  natural  abut- 
ments of  jagged  rock.  Upon  8  m.  of  this  Bhohola  section,  upward  of  |800,0U0  were 
expended.  At  Depotit  (177  m.)  the  valley  of  the  Delaware  is  left,  and  we  begin  the 
ascent  of  the  high  mountain-ridge  which  separates  it  from  the  lovely  valley  of  the 
tiusquehanna.  As  the  train  descends  into  the  latter  valley,  there  opens  suddenly  on 
the  r.  a  picture  of  rare  and  bewitching  beauty.  This  first  glimpse  of  the  Sutquehanna 
is  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  points  of  the  varied  scenery  of  the  Erie  route.  A  short 
distance  below,  we  cross  the  groat  Starueea  Viaduct,  1,200  ft.  long  and  110  ft.  high, 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  $820,000.  From  the  vicinity  of  Suiqtiehanna,  the  next  sta- 
tion (108  m.),  the  viaduct  itself  makes  a  most  efl^ective  feature  of  the  valley  views. 
For  A  few  miles  beyond  Susquehanna  the  route  still  lies  amid  mountain-ridges,  bnt 
these  are  soon  left  behind,  and  we  enter  upon  »  beautiful  hilly  and  rolling  country, 
thickly  dotted  with  villages  and  towns.  Binghamton  (216  m.)  is  a  flourishing  city 
of  18,000  inhabitants,  an  important  railroad  centre,  and  the  site  of  the  State  Inebri- 
ate Asylum.  Twenty-one  miles  farther  we  come  to  Owego,  a  large  and  prosperous 
manufacturing  town,  and  then  to  Elmira  (274  m.),  tlie  most  important  city  on  the 
road,  with  a  population  of  16,808.  At  Hornellnilh  (882  m.)  we  reach  the  last  and 
least  interesting  division  of  the  road,  and  soon  after  begin  to  descend  to  the  Lake 
Erie  level,  passing  through  a  wild  and  desolate  region,  with  few  marks  of  human 
habitation.  At  Dunkirk  (460  m.)  we  reach  the  junction  with  the  Lake  Shore  line, 
and  leave  the  State  of  New  York,  crossing  the  upper  corner  of  Pennsylvania  to  Erit 
(508  m.),  an  old,  [ileosant,  and  important  city  <>n  Lake  Erie.  The  country  now  be- 
comes more  picturesque  and  more  thickly  settled,  and  numerous  small  towns  clu8t<3r 
along  the  line.  Conneaut  (686  m.)  is  the  first  station  in  Ohio ;  but  the  first  place 
of  any  importance  is  Cleveland  (608  m.),  which  will  now  be  described.  (For  con- 
tinuation of  the  route  beyond  Cleveland,  «m  p.  86.) 


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84 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


OLBVELAND. 

Hotetet  The  best  are  the  Weddell  House,  oor.  Superior  and  Bank  Sts.,  the  Ken- 
nard  House,  and  the  American  House.  There  are  numerous  second  and  third  class 
houses,  some  of  them  well  kept. 

CLEVELAND,  the  second  city  in  size  and  importiince  in  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the 
S.  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  nt  tlie  mouth  of  tiie  Cuyahoga  lliver.  Originally  the 
town  was  confined  to  the  E.  bank  of  the  river,  but  subsequently  Brooklyn,  or  Ohio 
City,  sprung  up  on  the  opposite  side,  and  both  parts  are  now  united  under  one  cor- 
poration. Tlie  greater  portion  of  the  city  stands  on  a  gravelly  plain,  elevated  about 
100  ft.  above  the  lake.  The  river  passes  through  it  in  a  winding  course,  affording 
an  excellent  harbor,  which  has  been  improved  by  dredging  out  a  commodious  ship- 
channel  (branching  from  tlie  river  near  its  mouth),  and  by  the  erection  of  2  piers 
200  ft.  apart,  stretching  several  hundred  feet  into  the  lake.  On  the  E.  pier  is  a 
lighthouse,  and  another  stands  on  the  cliff  above.  The  city  is  laid  out  with  much 
taste,  chiefly  in  sfjuares,  the  streets  l)eing  remarkably  wide  and  well  paved.  The 
abundonce  of  shade-trees,  chiefly  majUe,  has  given  it  the  title  of  the  "forest  City." 
The  business  blocks  are  mostly  of  brick  and  stone,  from  3  to  5  stories  high,  and  a  large 
proportion  of  the  dwellings  are  constructed  of  the  same  materials.    Several  bridges 


Cleveland,  from  the  Reservoir. 

cross  the  Cuyahoga,  connecting  the  different  portions  of  the  city,  and  there  are  seven 
lines  of  horse-cars.  The  growth  of  Cleveland  has  been  very  rapid.  It  was  laid  out 
in  1796,  but  in  1880  contained  only  1,000  inhabitants.  It  received  its  first  impetus 
from  the  completion  in  1834  of  the  Ohio  Canal,  which  connects  Lake  Erie  at  this 
point  with  the  Ohio  River  at  Portsmouth.  A  further  stimulus  was  given  after  1860 
by  the  development  of  the  railroad  system,  and  since  1860  its  prosperity  has  been 
greatly  increased  by  the  rapid  extension  of  mannfaotaring  industry.  In  1870  the 
population  was  92,820,  but  it  is  now  estimated  at  more  than  160,000.  The  com- 
3rce  of  the  city  is  very  large,  especially  with  Canada  and  the  mining  regions  of 
i^ake  Superior.  The  most  important  manufactures  are  of  iron  and  coal-oil ;  in  the 
production  of  refined  petroleum  Cleveland  is  second  only  to  Pittsburg.  Other  im- 
portant products  are  sulphuric  acid,  wooden-ware,  agricultural  implements,  marble 


lank  Sts.,  the  Ken- 
tond  and  third  elass 

is  situated  on  the 

■ver.     Originally  the 

Brooklyn,  or  Ohio 

lited  under  one  oor- 

laln,  elevated  about 

iig  course,  affording 

a  commodious  ship- 

)  erection  of  2  piers 

3n  the  E.  pier  is  a 

laid  out  with  much 

well  paved.    The 

the  "Forest  City." 

ries  high,  and  a  large 

Is.     Several  bridges 


and  there  are  seven 
)id.  It  was  laid  out 
'ed  its  first  impetus 
I  Lake  Erie  at  this 
vas  given  after  1860 
prosperity  has  been 
ustry.  In  1870  the 
160,000.  The  com- 
I  mining  regions  of 
and  coal-oil ;  in  the 
ttsburg.  Other  im- 
implements,  marble 


CLEVELAND. 


86 


and  titone,  railroad-oars,  and  white-lead.    Pork-paoking  is  also  carried  on  to  some 
extent. 

The  main  business  thoroughfare  ot  the  oity  is  Superior  St.,  on  which  are  the 
larger  retail  stores,  banks,  and  hotels.  Other  important  business  streets  are  River, 
Merwin,  Water,  and  Ontario  St*.  EnM  AvCt  is  lined  with  elegant  residences,  each 
surrounded  by  ample  grounds,  and  is  considered  the  handsomest  street  in  the  coun- 
try.  Prospect  St.,  parallel  to  the  avenue,  ranks  next  in  beauty.  The  square  known 
as  MMiaeaUl  Park,  which  occupies  10  acres  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  was  formerly 
open  to  foot-passengers  only,  but  since  18<>6  it  has  been  divided  into  four  smaller 
8(]uare8  by  the  extension  of  Superior  St.  from  E.  to  W.,  and  of  Ontario  St.  from  N. 
to  S.  The  square  is  shaded  with  fine  trees,  and  is  admirably  kept.  In  the  centre 
stands  a  statue  of  Commodore  Perry,  the  hero  of  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie,  erected  in 
1860  at  a  cost  of  $8,000.  The  pedestal  is  of  Rhode  Island  granite,  12  ft.  high;  the 
statue  itself  is  of  Italian  marble  and  is  8  ft.  2  in.  high.  In  front  of  the  pedestal  is  a 
marble  medallion  representing  the  passage  of  Perry  in  a  small  boat  from  the  Law- 
rence to  the  Niagara  during  the  heat  of  the  battle.  In  the  N.  W.  corner  of  the 
park  there  is  a  handsome  fountain ;  and  in  the  H.  W.  a  pool  and  cascade.  W.  of 
tlie  river  is  andtlier  park,  called  the  Circle,  which  has  a  fountain  in  the  centre,  and 
is  finely  adorned  with  shade-trees.  The  United  States  building  fronting  on  the 
park,  containing  the  Custom-Home,  Post-Office,  and  Federal  courts,  is  a  fine  stone 
structure,  as  are  also  the  City-Hall  and  the  County  Cotirt-House  which  also  front 
on  the  park.  Case  HaU,  a  beautiful  edifice  near  the  park,  contains,  besides  the  rooms 
of  the  Cleveland  Library  Association,  and  numerous  offices  and  stores,  a  fine  hall 
capable  of  seating  1,500  persons  and  used  for  lectures,  concerts,  etc.  The  principal 
place  for  dramatic  entertainments  is  the  Academy  of  Music,  a  plain  brick  buildmg 
in  Bank  St.,  besides  which  there  are  a  Bohemian  theatre,  a  German  theatre,  a 
Theatre  Comique,  and  several  public  halls  for  lectures,  etc.  The  CbIm  Ballwajr  Depat, 
built  in  1866,  is  a  massive  stone  structure,  one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 
On  the  keystone  over  the  main  entrance  is  a  bass-relief  portrait  of  Mr.  Amasa  Stone, 
under  whose  supervision  the  depot  was  built.  There  are  similar  portraits  of  Grant 
and  Lincoln,  and  various  symbolical  designs  upon  keystones  at  either  end  of  the 
building.  The  Water-  Works  stand  near  the  lake,  W.  of  the  river.  By  means  of  a 
tunnel  extending  6,600  ft.  under  the  lake,  pure  water  is  obtained,  which  is  forced  by 
two  powerful  engines  into  a  large  reservoir,  occupying  the  highest  point  W.  of  the 
river,  whence  it  is  distributed  tlirough  the  city.  The  Bcsenob*  is  a  popular  resort, 
and  affords  a  broad  and  beautifVil  view  over  the  city,  lake,  and  surrounding 
country. 

Of  the  88  churches  in  the  city,  the  Ncthtdist  Chnrth,  cor.  Erie  St.  and  Euclid 
Ave.,  is  the  finest.  It  is  of  stone,  with  a  lofty  spire,  and  has  an  elegant  chapel 
in  the  rear.  The  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  is  a  large  and  handsome  building 
in  the  Oothio  style ;  and  Trinity  Church  (Ep'isoopal)  is  an  imposing  edifice,  also 
in  the  Gothic  style.  The  First,  Second,  and  Third  Presbyterian  churches  are 
all  fine  structures.  Among  the  educational  institutions,  the  Cleveland  Midieal 
College,  founded  in  1848,  is  the  most  important.  It  occupies  an  imposing  struct- 
ure on, the  corner  of  Erie  And  St.  Clair  Sts.  The  Cleveland  Female  Seminary, 
in  Woodland  Ave.,  is  a  fine  building;  and  the  two  High-School  buildings  are 
handsome  edifices  of  brick  and  stone.  The  Cleveland  Library  Association  has 
a  library  and  reading-room  in  Case  Hall.  The  library  contains  about  16,000 
volumes,  selected  with  special  reference  to  the  wants  of  students  and  persons  of 
culture.  The  Piiblids  Library,  opened  in  1869,  contains  about  10,000  volumes. 
It  is  free,  and  is  supported  by  an  annual  tax  upon  the  citizens  of  one-tenth  of  a  mill, 
which  produced  in  1870  a  revenue  of  $4,000. 

On  the  shore  of  the  lake,  near  the  Medical  College,  stands  the  extensive  build- 
ing of  the  V.  S.  Marine  Hospital.  The  Charity  Hospital,  in  Perry  St.,  was  estab- 
lished partly  by  the  city  and  partly  by  private  subscriptions,  and  is  attended  by  the 
Sisters  of  Charity.  The  Homaopathic  Hospital,  on  University  Heights,  has  a  large 
building.  Connected  with  it  is  a  Homoeopathio  College,  which  is  a  flourishing  in- 
stitution, admitting  female  students.    The  Hou»e  of  Correction,  on  the  E.  outskirts 

7' 


86 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


of  tlie  oHy,  is  a  large  and  handsome  Btruotnre,  for  the  confinement  and  utilizing 
of  city  offenders.  The  City  Irifirmary,  to  wliich  the  sick  and  homeless  poor  are 
talcen,  has  attached  to  it  a  good  farm,  which  is  worked  hy  the  inmates  of  the  insti- 
tntion. 

Cleveland  has  three  heautiful  cemeteries.  City  Cemetery,  in  Erie  St.,  is  laid  ont 
with  rectangular  wallco  shaded  with  trees,  and  contains  many  tine  monuments. 
Woodlawn  Cemetery,  more  recently  opened,  is  on  the  E.  boundary  of  the  city.  It 
is  prettily  liiid  out  with  paths  winding  amid  the  native  trees  and  abundant  shrubbery, 
and  is  ricii  in  monuments  and  statuary.  Lake  View  Cemetery,  containing  800  acres, 
is  in  Euclid  Ave,  about  5  m.  from  tlie  city.  It  is  250  ft.  above  the  uvelof  the 
lake,  ooinniands  extensive  views,  and,  tliough  only  opened  in  1870,  has  already  been 
greatly  beautified  and  adorned. 


Resuming  the  route  westward  to  Chicago,  at  the  distance  of  81  m.  from  Cleve- 
land we  come  to  Oberlin,  noted  ..  ^  the  seat  of  Oberlin  College,  from  wMch  no  per- 
son is  excluded  on  account  either  of  sex  or  color.  This  college,  founded  in  1884, 
combines  manual  labor  with  study,  inculcates  entire  social  equality  between  whites 
and  blacks,  and  has  had  a  prosperous  career.  ToMo  (715  in.  from  New  York)  is  an 
important  point,  and  within  a  few  years  has  developed  from  an  inconsiderable  vil- 
lage into  a  large  and  rapidly-growing  city.  In  1860  the  population  was  8,820;  in 
1870  it  was  81,693,  and  is  now  estimated  at  50,000.  It  is  situated  on  the  Maumee 
River,  4  m.  from  a  broad  and  beautiful  bay,  and  12  m.  from  Lake  Erie,  of  which  it 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  ports.  Its  commerce  is  very  large,  consisting  chiefly  of 
the  handling  of  grain ;  and  its  nranufactures  are  numerous  and  important,  includ- 
ing oar-factories,  iron-works,  locomotive-shops,  furniture-factories,  flour-mills,  and 
breweries.  The  best  hotels  are  the  Ohio  House,  Island  House,  and  American  ;  and 
the  handsomest  buildings  in  the  city  are  the  churches  and  schoolhouses.  At  To- 
ledo the  road  branches,  one  division  running  through  Southern  Michigan  and  known 
as  tlie  Michigan  Southern  Division,  the  other  running  through  Indiana,  and  known 
as  the  Air-Line,  The  former  is  the  one  usually  followed  by  the  through-trains, 
and  the  same  rich  agricultural  country  is  traversed  by  both.  Adrian  (747  m.)  is 
the  largest  city  in  Southern  Michigan,  and  is  a  handsomely-built  town.  Its  popula- 
tion in  1870  was  8,458.  At  Elkhart,  Ind.  (857  m.),  the  two  divisions  of  tlie  road 
unite  again ;  and  the  route  from  there  to  Chicago  is  through  a  flat  prairie-country 
which  has  been  well  described  as  having  "  a  face  but  no  features."  The  principal 
stations  on  this  portion  of  the  line  are  Miehawaka  (887  m.).  South  Bend  (868  m.), 
and  La  Porte  (899  m.),  all  in  Indiana.     Chicago  is  described  on  p.  89. 


NBW  TORE  TO  OBIOKQO.— ROUTE  111. 

(Via  "  Faa-Handle  Ronte,"  which  inclade*  the  PennsylvuiU  R.  R.,  and  the  Pltubaix,  Cinclmutti  ft 
St.  Lonla  R.  R.    DUtance.  MS  m.    Time,  85  bre.    Fare,  f)2.) 

TnB  portion  of  this  route  lying  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia  is  de- 
scribed on  p.  20.  That  portion  lying  between  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburg  is  also 
described  on  p.  76.  At  Pittaburg  (446  m.  from  New  York)  the  train  takes  the 
track  of  ^he  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  R.  R.,  which  crosses  four  States 
and  traverses  the  rich  agricultural  regions  of  the  Great  West.  Steuhenville  (488  m.) 
is  picturesquely  situated  upon  an  elevated  plain  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River. 
It  18  the  centre  of  an  extensive  trade,  and  is  the  seat  of  an  academy  for  boys  and 
of  a  noted  female  seminary.  Newark  (605  m.)  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the 
three  forks  of  Licking  River,  and  is  a  handsome  town,  the  streets  being  wide  and 
abundantly  shaded,  and  the  stores,  churches,  and  dwellings,  well  built.  The  next 
important  station  is  Columbut  (688  m.),  which  will  now  be  described.  (For  the 
oontinuation  of  the  route  beyond  Columbus,  tee  p,  89.)  .JS  A.  ,,_^ 


it  and  utilizing 

aelesB  poor  are 

Ites  of  the  insti- 

le  St.,  is  laid  ont 
\ne  monuments, 
of  tbe  city.  It 
[idant  shrubbery, 
aininff  300  acres, 
J  the  level  of  tiie 
llias  already  been 


m.  from  Oleve- 

wMoh  no  per- 

bunded  in  1884, 

r between  whites 

New  York)  is  an 

iconsiderable  vil- 

on  was  8,820 ;  in 

on  the  Maumee 

Erie,  of  which  it 

isisting  chiefly  of 

mportant,  includ- 

flour-mills,  and 

d  American ;  and 

ilhouses.    At  To- 

ihigan  and  known 

liana,  and  known 

le  through-trains, 

.drian  (747  m.)  is 

own.    Its  popula- 

isions  of  the  road 

at  prairie-country 

B."    The  principal 

th  Bend  (668  m.), 

.89.      * 


I. 

IttabniR,  Cincinnati  & 

hilad'ilphia  is  de- 
Pittsburg  is  also 
le  train  takes  the 
rosses  four  States 
subenvUle  (488  m.) 
of  the  Ohio  River, 
lemy  for  boys  and 
lie  junction  of  the 
;8  being  wide  and 
1  built.  The  next 
ioribed.    (For  the 


COLUMBUS. 
OOZiTTMBUB. 


87 


Hatebi  Xeil  Hovh,  cor.  High  and  Capitol  Sts.  (|8  a  day);  Amsriean  Route,  cor. 
High  and  State  Sts.  ($2.60  a  day);  Untted  Statet  Hotel,  cor.  High  and  Town  Sts. 
(|2  a  day). 

COLUMBIJS,  the  capital  of  Ohio,  and  one  of  tlie  largest  cities  in  the  State,  is 
_  situated  on  the  £.  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  100  m.  N.  £.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1812,  lieoame  the  seat  of  the  State  government  in  1816,  and  was 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1884,  when  its  population  was  less  than  4,000.  The  popu- 
lation in  1870  was  81,274,  and  is  now  estimated  at  nearly  60,000.  The  oommerciol 
interests  of  the  city  are  large,  and  its  manufactures  numerous  and  important  j  but 
its  growth  and  wealth  are  chiefly  due  to  tlie  concentration  there  of  the  State  insti> 
tutions,  and  the  liberal  expenditure  of  public  money.  The  streets  are  very  wide 
and  are  regularly  laid  out  in  squares.  Brwidway  is  120  ft.  wide  for  a  distance  of 
more  than  2  miles.  It  has  a  double  avenue  (4  rows)  of  trees,  alternate  maple 
and  elm,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  streets  in  the  country.  The  finest  resi- 
dences in  the  city  are  on  this  and  Town  St.  The  principal  business  thoroughfare  is 
High  St.,  which  is  100  ft.  wide,  and  paved  with  the  Nicholson  pavement.  Horse- 
cars  reach  all  parts  of  the  city  (fare  Co.),  and  there  are  6  bridges  across  the  Scioto. 
In  the  centre  of  the  city,  occupying  the  square  of  10  acres  between  High  and  Third 
and  Broad  and  State  Sts.,  is  Cairttol  S^un,  su.rounded  by  m^estic  elms  and  beauti- 
fully laid  out.  It  is  proposed  to  make  it  a  complete  arboretum  of  Ohio  trees,  of 
whio>  Jdany  varieties  are  already 'represented. 

The  most  interesting  feature  of  Columbus  to  the  stranger  is  its  public  buildings 
and  institutions,  in  which  it  is  not  excelled  by  any  city  in  the  United  States  except 
Washington,  and  much  surpasses  ony  other  town  in  the  Ohio  Valley.  The  State 
has  concentrated  here  nearly  all  the  public  buildings  devoted  to  its  business,  benev- 
olence, or  justice.  The  Capital,  which  stands  in  Capitol  Square,  is  one  of  the  largest 
and  finest  in  the  Urited  States.  It  is  constructed  of  fine  gray  limestone,  resem- 
bling marble,  in  the  Doric  "lyle  of  architecture,  of  which  it  is  a  noble  specimen. 
It  is  304  ft.  long  and  184  ft.  wide,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  64  ft.  in  diameter 
and  157  ft.  high.  The  interior  is  elegantly  finished.  The  hall  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives is  84  ft.  long  by  72|  ft.  wide,  and  the  Senate-Chamber  is  56  by  72^  ft. 
There  are  also  rooms  for  all  the  State  officers,  besides  26  committee-rooms.  Another 
very  striking  building  is  the  State  Pnitcitlarya  It  is  of  hewn  limestone,  in  the  cas- 
tellated style,  and  with  its  yards  and  shops  covers  6  acres  of  ground  on  the  £.  bank 
of  the  Scioto,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Olentangy.  The  Central  Ohio  Lunatic 
Asylum  was  burned  down  in  1868,  but  a  new  series  of  buildings  is  now  being 
erected  for  it  on  800  acres  of  elevated  ground  W.  of  the  city.  These  buildings  will 
be  in  the  Franco-Italian  style,  with  a  frontage  of  about  1,200  ft.,  a  depth  of  800  ft., 
a  central  tower  165  ft.  high,  and  a  capacity  for  600  patients.  The  Idiot  Asylum,  a 
plain  Gothic  structnre,  272  by  198  ft,  occupies  grounds  128  acres  in  extent  adjoin- 
ing those  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum.  The  new  Blind  Asylum,  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
city,  on  the  grounds  of  the  old  one,  will  be  a  stone  structnre,  840  by  270  ft.,  in  the 
Gothic  style  of  the  Tudor  period.  The  Deaf  ni  Dmk  Isjftani,  centrally  located  in 
extensive  and  handsome  grounds  in  Town  St.,  cor.  Washington  Av.,  is  built  in  the 
Franco-Italian  style,  with  Mansard  roof.  The  building  is  400  ft.  long  and  880  deep, 
and  has  numerous  towers,  the  central  one  of  which  is  140  ft.  high.  The  Vi  &  Arwul 
is  located  in  the  midst  of  spacious  and  handsome  grounds,  beautifully  wooded,  in  the 
N.  £.  suburb  of  the  city.  It  comprises,  besides  an  immense  central  structure,  nu- 
merous other  buildings,  used  for  offices,  quarters,  storehouses,  etc.  There  is  a  fine 
drive  to  the  Arsenal,  and  beautiful  drives  are  laid  out  through  and  around  the 
grounds.  The  State  has  also  a  large  and  well-built  Arsenal.  The  City  Hall,  facing 
Capitol  Square  on  the  S.  side  of  State  St.,  is  a  handsome  Gothic  struot-rr  187)  ft. 
by  80,  with  a  small  central  tower  188  ft.  high.  In  the  third  story  is  tie  large  au- 
dience-chamber, capable  of  seating  2,880  persons.  The  High-Sehool  (in  Town  St.) 
is  a  fine  building  in  the  simple  Norman  or  church  style  of  architecture.  The  Holly 
Water  -  Works  occupy  a  large  building  near  the  junction  of  the  Scioto  and  Olentangy 


88 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


Bivers.  The  machinery  is  on  a  tnassive  scale.  The  Odd-Felhma'  Hall,  in  High  St., 
near  Capitol  Square,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  olassio  Italian,  and  opposite  is  Opera- 
Houie  block,  a  beautiful  specimen  of  American  street  architecture,  in  the  florid  Ital- 
ian style.  The  Opera-IIouse  in  this  block  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  in  the  country. 
There  are  44  churches  in  the  city,  and  some  ore  tine  examples  uf  the  decorative 
period  of  Gothic  architecture.  Most  notable  among  them  are  Trinity  Church 
(Episcopal),  cor.  Broad  and  8d  Sts. ;  St.  Jo»eph''»  Cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  cor. 
Broad  and  5th  Sts. ;  the  Second  Presbyterian,  cor.  8d  and  Chapel  Sts. ;  and  St,  PanPi 
(Episcopal),  cor.  High  and  Mound  Sts.  Ihe  latter  is  surmounted  by  a  graceful 
spire  216  ft.  high,  and  in  the  tower  is  a  clock.  The  State  Library,  in  thv  Capitol, 
contains  over  86,000  volumes.  Starllog  Medical  CaBege,  oor.  State  and  6th  Sts.,  is  a 
very  noble  building  in  the  Norman  castellated  style.  It  is  of  brick  trimmed  with 
whitish  limestone.  Capital  University  (Lutheran)  is  an  unpretentious  building  in 
the  Italian  style,  surrounded  by  beautiful  grounds,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city.  The 
handsome  building  of  the  female  seminary  of  St.  Maryy  of  the  Springs  a(\|oins  the 
city  on  the  E.,  and  near  by  is  the  Water-.Cure.  The  Ohio  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College,  endowed  with  the  congressional  land-grant,  was  opened  in 
1878.  Of  the  chari*^able  institutions,  the  Hure  Orphans'  Home,  th«  Hannah  Neil 
Mission,  and  the  Lying-in  Hospital  may  be  mentioned.  The  Catholic  Asylum,  for 
the  reclamation  of  fallen  women  is  W.  of  the  city,  and  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  have' 
a  tine  hospital  in  the  city.  The  County  Infirmary  or  Poor-liouse  is  a  fine  s^vuct- 
ure  on  a  large  farm  near  the  city.  A  convent  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepnerd 
has  been  established  at  Franklin,  a  suburban  town. 

GoMlale  Park,  presented  to  the  city  by  Dr.  Lincoln  Goodale,  is  at  the  N.  end  ot'i 
the  city,  and  comprises  about  40  aoros  of  native  forest,  beautifully  improved  and  well 
^  kept.  City  Park,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  city,  is  about  the  same  size  as  Goodale  Park 
'  and  resembles  it  in  all  respects.  The  grounds  of  the  Fraaklla  Couty  Agriciltwal 
Sadcty,  88  acres  in  extent,  on  the  E.  border  of  the  city,  are  the  finest  in  the  State. 
In  the  immediate  vicinity  are  the  gardens  of  the  Columbus  Horticultural  Society, 
occupying  10  acres.  Olentangy  Park,  N.  of  the  city,  has  a  half-mile  race-course. 
Of  the  five  cemeteries  in  Columbus,  Gnoi  Lava  is  the  most  beantiful. 


After  leaving  Columbus  many  small  towns  are  passed,  but  none  are  of  any  im- 
portance until  we  reach  Piqua  (711  m.  from  New  York),  which  is  noted  for  its 
charming  situation  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  jnst  at  a  bend  which 
leaves  a  level  plateau  between  the  town  and  the  water's  edge,  while  on  Uie  oppo- 
site side  the  bank  rises  somewhat  boldly.  The  Miami  Canal  passes  throngh  the 
town,  and  an  active  basiness  is  carried  on.  Union  City  (742  m.)  is  the  point  where 
the  rente  enters  the  State  of  Indiana.  Logansport,  Ina.  (883  m.),  is  an  important 
shipping-point  for  grain,  pork,  and  lumber,  and  is  the  centre  of  trade  for  a  rich 
agricultural  region.    Here  are  located  the  extensive  car- works  of  the  company,  em- 

S Toying  600  workmen,  and  capable  of  turning  out  3  cars  a  day.    Chicago  (049  m.)  is 
escribed  on  p.  89.  • 

NDW  YORK   TO    OBIO AOO.— ROUTE  IV.     V     ^^^ 

( Fia  "  Allectown  Line."    DUtaoce,  899  m.    Time,  abont  86  hunn.    Fare,  #8>.> 

1  Leaving  New  York,  the  traveler  crosses  the  Hudson  River  (by  ferry  irom  foot 
of  Liberty  St.),  and,  taking  the  cars  of  the  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey  at  Jersey 
City,  is  whirled  through  Elizabeth  (18  m.),  Plainfield  (24  m.),  S<merville  (36  m.), 
and. other  flonrishing  towns;  is  afforded  a  glimpse  of  the  mountain-region  of  New 
Jersey  ;  and  at  Faston  (85  m.)  crosses  the  Delaware  into  Pennsylvania  and  is  trans- 
ferred (without  change  of  cars)  to  the  line  of  the  Lebanon  Valley  R.  R.  Easton  is 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  towns  in  Pennsylvania,  is  one  of  the  great  railroad  cen- 
tres of  the  country,  and  contains  extensive  iron-works,  mills,  distilleries,  etc.  In 
the  centre  of  the  town  k  an  abrupt  peak,  called  Mount  Jefferson ;  and  to  the  E.,  on 
Mount  Lafayette,  is  Lafayette  College,  a  richly-endowed  institution  with  a  large 


c 


83' 


exten 
0  a  1 
the  la 
abont 
m. 
and 
the  r 
man; 


NEW  YORK  TO  OHIOAGO. 


80 


id 


xll,  in  High  St., 

osite  itt  Opera- 

the  florid  Ital- 

in  the  country. 

the  decorative 

"rinity  Chvreh 

Catholic),  cor. 

and  St.  PiuVt 

by  a  graceful 

in  thv  Capitol, 

'  6th  St8.,  is  a 

trimmed  with 

iuus  building  in 

"  the  city.     The 

ringt  a(\joinH  the 

grieultural  and 

wafl  opened  in 

le  Hannah  Neil 

\olie  Asylum  for 

'8  of  Mercy  have' 

is  a  fine  s^vuct- 

Ucod  Shepnerd 

the  N.  end  ofi 
nproved  and  well 
as  Goodale  Park 
Ctnty  ifTioRval 
est  in  the  State. 
{cultural  Society, 
mile  race-course. 
1. 


e  are  of  any  ini- 
is  noted  for  its 
t  at  a  bend  which 
rhile  on  the  oppo- 
isses  through  the 
s  the  point  where 
),  is  an  important 
trade  for  a  rich 
the  company,  em- 
Tiieago  (949  m.)  is 


ftav,  |8S.) 

)y  ferry  trom  foot 
r  Jersey  at  Jersey 
hmerville  (36  m.), 
in-region  of  New 
'ania  and  is  trans- 

B.  R.  Easton  is 
rreat  railroad  cen- 
stilleries,  etc.    In 

and  to  the  E.,  on 
ition  with  a  large 


library  and  a  fine  mineral  cabinet.  Allentown  (102  m.)  is  a  beantiAil  city  of  14,000 
inhabitants,  situated  upoa  elevated  ground  between  Jordan  Creek  and  the  Lehigh 
River.  It  has  large  iron  and  other  manufactories.  The  country  along  this  portion 
of  the  road  is  exceedingly  fertile  and  picturesque.  Heading  (188  m.)  is  the  third 
city  of  Pennsylvania  in  manufactures  and  the  fourth  in  population.  It  was  founded 
in  1748  by  William  and  Richard  Penn.  The  plain  on  which  the  city  is  built  rises 
gradually  from  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  is  inclosed  on  the  E.  by  Penn's  Mount, 
which  is  several  hundred  feet  high,  and  forms  a  part  of  the  South  Mountains.  The 
Conrt-House  and  several  of  the  churches  are  fine  buildings,  and  there  are  immense 
furnaces,  rolling-mills,  railroad- shops,  etc.  At  Harrithurg  (192  m.)  the  cars  take 
the  track  of  the  Pennsylvania  Central  R.  R.,  which  they  follow  to  Pittsburg,  pass- 
ing over  the  most  attractive  portiouH  of  the  Central  road,  including  the  Susquehanna 
Valley,  the  crossing  of  the  Alleghanies,  the  superb  raonntain-views  near  Altoona, 
the  valley  of  the  Juniata,  and  other  points  of  interest  (described  on  p.  76).  At 
Pitttburg  (481  m.)  we  leave  the  Pennsylvania  Central  for  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  R.  R.,  though  throngh-pnssengers  need  not  change  cars  if  they 
have  taken  the  precaution  to  seat  themselves  in  one  of  the  New  York  &  Chicago 
through-cars.  Tliis  rond  passes  through  some  of  the  richest  portions  of  Ohio  and 
Jndiana,  but,  as  the  country  is  level  and  for  the  most  part  unbroken,  it  presents  no 
features  of  a  strictly  picturesque  character.  Salem  (601  m.)  is  a  pretty  town,  and 
one  of  the  most  important  in  the  E.  section  of  Ohio.  Cinton  (688  m.)  is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Nisuishillen  Creek,  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming 
country,  which  enjoys  the  distinction  of  sending  more  wheat  to  market  than  any 
other  county  in  the  State.  Mauillon  f641  m.)  and  Manajield  (,607  m.)  are  good 
specimens  of  the  handsome,  compactly-built,  and  busy  towns,  with  which  the  State 
is  dotted.  Fort  Wayne  (761  m.)  is  known  as  "Summit  City,"  from  the  fact  that  it 
is  the  point  from  which  the  water  runs  E.  and  W.  It  is- one  of  the  most  important 
towns  in  Indiana,  is  handsomely  laid  out,  and  is  at  the  junction  of  4  railroads.  The 
Wabash  &  Erie  Canal  passes  through  the  place.  Warsaw  (791  m.),  Plymouth  (815 
m.),  and  Valparaiso  (856  m.)  are  thriving  towns.  Chicago  (899  m.)  will  now  l»e 
described. 

.}-■'>     OHIOAQO. 

CHICAGO,  the  principal  city  of  Illinois,  has  within  40  years  grown  from  a  small 
Indian  trading-station  to  the  position  of  the  metropolis  of  the  Northwest,  and 
the  greatest  railway  centre  on  the  continent.  It  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River,  in  lat.  about  41°  60'  N.,  and  Ion.  10** 
83'  W.  from  Washington.  The  site  of  the  business  portion  is  14  ft.  above  the  lake ; 
it  was  originally  much  lower,  but  has  been  filled  up  from  3  to  9  ft.  since  1866.  It 
is  an  inclined  plane,  rising  toward  the  W.  tc  the  height  of  28  ft.,  giving  slow  but  snffl- 
cient  drainage.  The  city  stands  on  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  basins  of  the 
Mississippi  and  St.  Lawrence,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  prairie  stretching  several  hun- 
dred miles  S.,  W.,  and  N.  One-eighth  of  a  mile  N.  of  the  Court-House  a  bayou, 
called  the  Chicago  River,  extends  westward  a  little  more  than  half  a  mile,  and  then 
divides  into  the  North  and  South  branches,  which  run  nearly  parallel  with  the  lake- 
shore,  about  2  m.  in  each  direction.  The  river  and  its  branches,  with  numerous 
slips,  afford  a  water  frontage  of  88  m.,  of  which  24  m.  are  improved,  without  includ- 
ing the  lake-front,  on  which  on  outer  harbor  is  now  in  process  of  construction.  Con- 
nected with  the  S.  branch  is  the  terminus  of  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  whi(  h 
extends  to  the  Illinois  River  at  La  Salle.  Formerly  this  connection  was  by  means 
o  a  lock ;  but  recent  improvements  have  effected  a  continuous  flow  of  water  from 
the  lake  through  the  river  into  the  canal.  The  city  extends  N.  and  S.  along  the  lake 
about  8  m.,  and  W.  from  the  the  lake  about  6  m.,  embrflcing  an  area  of  nearly  85  sq. 
m.  The  river  divides  the  city  into  three  distinct  parts,  known  as  the  North,  South, 
and  West  Divisions,  which  are  connected  by  83  bridges  and  2  stone  tunnels  under 
the  i'iver-bed.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  generally  80  ft.  wide,  and 
many  of  them  from  8  to  7  m.  in  length,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The 
principal  thoroughfares  run  N.  and  S. 


00 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMERICAN  CITIEB. 


The  flrot  white  visitors  to  the  Hite  of  Chicago  were  Joliet  and  Miirqiiette,  who 
arrived  in  Aii|;U8t,  1078.  Tlie  flrst  permanent  settlement  was  made  in  1804,  durin^if 
which  year  Fort  Dearborn  wns  liuilt  by  the  Unite!  States  Gt»vernment.  The  fort 
stood  near  the  head  of  Michigan  Ave.,  below  its  intersection  with  Lake  Ht.     It  was 


Cliicayo  before  Iho  Fif. 

abandoned  in  1813,  rebuilt  in  181(f,  and  finally  demolished  in  1866.  At  the  close  of 
1880,  Chicago  contained  12  houses  and  3  "country  "  residences  in  Madison  St.,  with 
a  population  (composed  of  whites,  half-breeds,  and  blacks)  of  about  100,  The  town 
was  organized  in  1833,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1837.  The  first  frame  building 
was  erected  in  1832,  and  the  first  brick  house  in  1883.  The  first  vessel  entered 
the  harbor  June  11,  1834;  and  at  the  first  official  census  taken  July  1,  1837,  the 
entire  population  was  found  to  be  4,170.  In  1850,  the  ])opulation  hod  increased  to 
29,968;  in  1860,  to  112,172;  and  in  1870,  to  298,977.  Local  estimates  placed  the 
population  in  1875  at  400,000.  In  October,  1871,  Chicago  was  the  scene  of  one  of 
the  most  destructive  conflagrations  of  modern  times.  The  fire  originated  on  Sun- 
day evening,  October  8th,  in  a  small  barn  in  De  Koven  St„  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
West  Division,  from  the  upsetting,  as  is  supposed,  of  a  lighted  keroBene-lam]>. 
The  buildings  in  that  quarter  were  mostly  of  wood,  and  there  were  several  lum- 
ber-yards along  tlie  margin  of  the  river.  Through  these  the  flames  swept  with 
resistless  fury,  and  were  carried  across  tlie  South  branch  by  the  strong  westerly 
wind  then  prevailing,  and  thence  spread  into  the  South  Division,  whit,  a  was  closely 
built  up  with  stores,  warehouses,  and  public  buildings  of  stone,  brick,  and  iron, 
many  of  tliem  supposed  to  be  fire-proof.  The  fire  roged  all  day  Monday,  <ind 
crossed  the  main  channel  of  the  Chicago  River,  sweejjing  all  before  it  in  the  North- 
ern District,  wliich  was  occupied  mostly  by  dwelling-houses.  The  last  house  was 
not  reached  till  Tue8<lay  morning,  and  many  of  the  ruins  were  still  burning  several 
months  afterward.  The  total  area  burned  over,  including  streets,  was  nearly  3^  sq. 
m.  The  number  of  buildings  destroyed  was  17,450 ;  persons  rendered  homeless, 
98,500 ;  persons  killed,  about  200.  Not  including  depreciation  of  real  estate,  or  loss 
of  business,  it  is  estimated  that  the  total  loss  occasioned  by  the  fire  was  $190,000,000, 
of  which  about  $44,000,000  was  recovered  on  insurance,  though  one  of  the  first 
results  of  the  fire  was  to  bankrupt  many  of  the  insurance  companies  all  over  the 
country.    The  business  of  the  city  was  interrupted  but  a  short  time,  however.    Be- 


-I 


fnr<iMette,  who 
1804.  during 
Jient.  Tlio  fort 
like  St.     Ft  wn9 


y  Ilk 


At  the  close  of 
Madison  St.,  with 
t  100.  The  town 
»t  frame  building 
rst  vessel  entered 
July  1,  1837,  tlie 

I  had  increased  to 
imates  placed  the 
e  scene  of  one  of 
riginated  on  Sun- 
[le  S.  part  of  the 
i  kerosene-lamp, 
vere  several  lum- 
lames  swept  with 
e  strong  westerly 
vlii*.  a  was  closely 

brick,  and  iron, 
lay  Monday,  und 
e  it  in  the  iNorth- 
he  laht  house  was 

II  burning  several 
was  nearly  3^  sq. 
fidered  homeless, 
real  estate,  or  loss 
IV  as  $190,000,000, 
1  one  of  the  first 
anies  all  over  the 
e,  however.    Be- 


..  CHIOACJO.  91 

fore  winter  many  of  the  moroliantH  wore  doing  business  in  extemporized  woo<1en 
Ntructures,  and  the  rest  in  private  dwellings.  In  a  year  after  the  tire,  a  large  part 
of  the  burnt  district  had  been  rebuilt,  an<l  at  present  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  the 
terrible  disaster  save  in  the  improved  ciiaraeter  of  the  new  buildings  over  those  de- 


The  Burned  District. 

stroyed.  On  July  14,  1874,  still  another  great  fire  swept  over  the  devoted  city,  de- 
stroying 18  blocks,  or  (10  acres  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  and  about  $4,000,000  worth 
of  property.  Over  600  houses  were  consumed,  but  fortunately  by  far  the  larger 
number  of  these  were  tiie  wooden  shanties  of  the  poorer  classes.  All  the  magnifi- 
cent structures  of  the  rebuilt  section  escaped. 

Chicago  ranks  next  in  commercial  importance  to  New  York  among  the  cities  of 
the  United  States.  As  early  as  1854  it  had  become  tlie  greatest  primary  depot  for 
grain  in  the  world  ;  and  since  then  it  has  also  become  tlo  greatest  grain-market  in 
the  world.  Of  breadstuffs,  88,420,842  bushels  were  received  and  shipped  in  1873; 
wheat,  Indinn-corn,  and  oats,  being  the  principal  items.  Chicago  is  also  the  most 
important  market  for  live-stock  in  the  United  States.  The  total  value  of  the  live- 
stock received  in  1872  was  estimated  by  the  Board  of  Trade  at  $75,450,000.  During 
the  season  of  1872-73, 1,456,650  iiogs  were  packed,  and  16,080  cattle.  The  lumber- 
trade  is  a  very  important  item  of  the  city's  commerce.  Over  one  billion  feet  of 
lumber  were  received  during  1873.  The  manufactures  of  Chicago  are  yet  in  their 
infancy,  but  they  are  already  extensive  and  important,  employing  about  50,000  per- 
sons, and  including  iron  and  steel  works,  tlour-mills,  cotton-fiictories,  boot  tind  shoe 
factories,  and  tanneries.  It  is  estimated  that  nearly  one-third  of  the  commerce  of 
the  city  is  based  upon  its  manufacturing  products. 

Hotels,  RcsUirants,  and  Clabs. — Most  of  the  old  and  well-known  hotels  of  Chicago 
perished  in  the  great  fire,  but  those  which  have  taken  their  places  are  probably 
unequaled  in  the  world.  Tlie  Palmer  House  is  an  immense  fire-proof  structure  of 
iron  and  brick,  occupying  the  entire  block  in  State  St.,  between  Wabash  Ave.  and 
Monroe  St.  The  buiMing  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  in  the  city,  and  its  interior 
decorations  are  very  fine  ($8.60  to  $6  a  day).  The  Orand  Pacific  Hotel  is  in  no  re- 
spect inferior  to  the  preceding.  It  occupies  the  entire  block  bounded  by  Jackson, 
Clark,  Quincy,  and  La  Salle  Sts.,  is  of  stone,  six  stories  high,  and  is  richly  deco- 
rated and  sumptuously  furnished  ($3.60  to  $7  a  day).    The  Sherman  House,  cor. 


ii^iii  L>  II  (III.  Ill   I  I n  .1  11,1111       I    I ,  I.  Ill    i<  I        immmptmsftflmf^!^;/^ 


92 


flAND-BOOK   or  AMIRIOAK  OITIEa 


Randulph  and  Clark  HtH.,  im  near  thu  biiainefM  centre  of  the  oity  (|8.no  and  $4  a  day^. 
The  l^emonl  J/uuiit,  cor.  I.nko  and  Dearborn  Hta.,  i»  one  of  tlie  JineHt  of  the  now  bulla- 
inga  (I'i.SO  to  $n  a  day).  Oood  liotela  on  a  more  nio<l«>iit  rtcale  are :  the  Central  HoUl, 
in  Market  St.,  near  MadlHon  (l}2.fiO  a  day);  the  Mttrvpolitan,  cor.  State  and  Waah- 
ington  StR.  ($2.60  u  day) ;  the  MummoU  Jfouie,  o\mm\te  the  Union  Depot  ($2  a  dav) ; 
tlie  AtliiHfie,  cor.  Van  Hiiren  and  Sherman  Hts.  (|i2.no  a  day);  and  the  C'omtnereial, 
flor.  Luke  and  Dearborn  HtH.  There  are  aim)  several  good  hoteli*  on  the  Eiiropenn 
plan,  prominent  among  wliich  are  liurke'i  and  Kuhn'i, 

The  princi|inl  rvsttinranlH  arc  the  Palmer  House  (in  connection  with  the  hotel), 
cor.  State  and  Monroe  Mh.  ;  the  Tretnont  Honte  (in  connection  with  the  hr  tel),  cor. 
Lake  and  Doarborn  Hti«. ;  Tho».  Andrewi,  85  Dearborn  St. ;  Burke'n,  140  and  142 
MadiHon  St^;  and  Thommni^t,  HI  Clark  St.  The  livoli  Oartlen,  deHcril)ed  f\irther 
on,  Ih  fre(iuonted  l)y  l)oth  »exe». 

MoHt  of  the  cliil)-hoiiHeB  were  destroyed  in  the  great  Are,  and  the  clubs  tempo- 
rarily broken  up.  Tlierc  are  several  active  social  organizatiims  in  the  city,  however, 
the  privileges  of  which  may  be  obtained  on  introduction  by  a  member. 

Sailraad  D«p*t8< — The  Union  Depot,  in  Van  Buren  St.  at  the  head  of  La  Salle,  is 
one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  country.  It  '\n  of  stone,  and  is  used  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Kock  Island  &  Paciflo  K.  R.,  and  bv  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
R.  R.  The  Central  Depot  is  another  hantlsome  and  spacious  stone  structure,  situ- 
ated at  the  foot  of  Lake  St. ;  it  is  used  by  the  Illinois  Central,  the  Michigan  Central, 
and  the  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroads.  The  Welh  Street  Depot,  cor.  N.  Wells 
and  Kinzie  Sts.,  is  used  by  the  Western  Division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
R.  R. ;  the  Kinxie  Street  Depot,  cor.  Canal  and  W.  Kinzie  Sts.,  is  used  by  the 
Northern  Division  of  tlio  same  road. 

M«4m  tf  CaiTeyaiMi — Hone-ear»  traverse  the  city  in  all  directions,  affording  cheap 
and  easy  communication  (foi-e  6o.).  The  great  centre  of  the  horse-car  routes  is  at 
the  cor.  of  State  and  Randolpli  Sts.  ParmeMi  umnibtuea  are  in  waiting  at  the 
depots,  and  convey  passengers  to  hotels  or  to  other  depots  ('fare  60c.).  There  are 
also  lines  of  omnibutet  t  nning  S.  on  Wabash  Ave.,  W.  on  Washington  and  Adams 
Sts.,  and  N.  to  Lincoln  Park  (fare  lOc).  Carriages  are  in  waiting  at  the  depots 
and  steamboat-landings,  as  well  as  at  hotels,  and  around  Court-IIouse  Square.  The 
rates  of  fare  are  regulated  by  law,  and  are  as  follows:  For  1  passenger  from  one 
depot  to  another,  50c. ;  for  1  passenger  1  m.  or  less,  60c. ;  over  1  m.  and  less  than 
2  m.  $1 ;  over  2  m.,  $1.50;  each  additional  passenger,  50c.;  children  between  6 
and  14  years  of  age,  half- rates.  By  the  hour,  |2  for  the  first  hour  and  $1  for  each 
additional  hour.  Between  midnight  and  7  a.  m.  ench  trip  (without  regard  to  dis- 
tance or  number  of  passengers),  $2.  In  case  of  disagreement  call  for  a  policetnan 
or  drive  to  a  police-station. 

Streets  ud  1M\t6,— State  St.  is  the  Broadway  of  Chicago,  and  on  it  or  near  it  are 
the  >..  jst  commercial  structures,  hotels,  retail  stores,  and  the  like.  Other  important 
business  streets  are  Lake,  Clark,  La  Salle,  Randolph,  Dearborn,  Adamt,  Monroe, 
Madison,  and  Washington.  In  fact,  there  is  scarcely  a  street  in  the  South  or  busi- 
ness district  which  does  not  contain  some  notably  fine  buildings.  The  finest  resi- 
dences are  in  Wabash  and  Michigan  Avenues,  which  are  of  a  semi-suburban  charac- 
ter, adorned  with  rows  of  luxuriant  trees,  and  bordered  by  villas  surrounded  with 
beautifully  ornamented  grounds.  Scarcely  inferior  are  Prairie  Ave.,  South  Park 
Ave ,  West  Washington  St.,  and  North  Dearborn  St.  The  favorite  drives  are  out 
Wabash  and  Michigan  Avenues ;  through  the  parks  and  boulevards,  especially  to 
Hyde  Park,  where  there  is  bathing ;  to  Kirerstde,  a  pretty  suburban  town  on  the 
W.  side  (13  m.) ;  and  to  Lake  View,  on  the  N.  side,  beyond  Lincoln  Park. 

PiMIc  and  PrMiiiMt  BilMligs. — The  Court-House,  Custom-House  and  Post-Oflice, 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  most  of  the  other  public  buildings  of  the  city,  were 
burned  down  in  the  great  fire,  and  have  not  been  replaced  as  rapidly  as  the  busi- 
ness structures  destroyed  at  the  same  time.  A  new  Custom-House  and  Post-Offlee 
is  being  erected  on  a  site  a  little  S.  of  the  old  one.     It  will  be  one  of  the  finest 

Jublic  buildings  in  the  country,  occupying  an  entire  block,  and  costing  upward  of 
8,600,000.     A  new   Court-House,  estimated  to  cost  $2,000,000,  is  going  up  in 


1  i  (iiiftiiiliiif iliiKfeiMif  Wiffi 


■M 


■■ 


CHICAGO. 


and  $4  a  day). 

'  the  now  bulla- 

Central  Hotel, 
latt)  nnd  Wash- 
Ipot  (|2  a  da^) ; 
|lie  Commeretal, 

the  Europ«nn 

rith  the  hotel), 

I  the  hrtel),  cor. 
\\  140  and  142 
|tHcril)ed  ftirther 

lie  clubs  tempo- 
city,  however, 

ir. 

of  La  Salle,  is 
ifted  by  the  Chl- 
higan  Houthern 

structure,  situ- 
Ichigan  Central, 
,  cor.  N.  Wells 
;  Northwestern 

Is  used  by  the 

affording  cheap 
cor  routes  is  at 

II  waiting  at  the 
)c.).  There  are 
^on  and  Adams 
It  at  the  depots 
se  Square.  The 
isengcr  from  one 
1.  and  less  than 
idren  between  6 
'  and  $1  for  each 
It  regard  to  dls- 
I  for  a  policeman 

1  it  or  near  it  are 
Other  important 
Adanu,  Monroe, 
e  South  or  bnsi- 

The  finest  resi- 
luburban  cliarao- 
Burrounded  with 
ve.,  South  Park 
I  drives  are  out 
rds,  especially  to 
an  town  on  the 

Park. 

and  Post-Office, 
f  the  city,  were 
dly  as  the  busl- 

and  Poet- Office 
ne  of  the  finest 
iting  upward  of 
is  going  up  in 


(Jourt-IlouMe  B(|iiure.  The  Chmter  tt  Cmmmtw  haii  been  rebuilt  on  the  old  site  In 
Washington  St.,  opposite  Court-House  Square,  and  Is  one  of  the  finest  and  inoitt 
complete  buildings  of  the  kind  In  the  world.  Its  Interior  decorations  are  very 
oliiborate.  The  Board  of  Trade  meets  here,  and  strangers  will  find  it  Intereeting  to 
visit  the  ladies'  gallery  during  the  daily  session  (IVoni  11  a.  m.  to  I  p.  m.);  or  any 
gentleman  is  admitted  to  the  fioor  on  Introduction  by  a  member.  The  new  hotels, 
already  mentioned,  are  among  tiie  finest  buildings  in  the  city ;  as  are  also  the  Cen- 
tral Depot,  at  the  foot  of  Lake  St.,  and  the  Union  Depot,  In  Van  Buren  St.  at  the 
head  of  La  Salle.  The  new  and  handsome  brown-stone  building  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune,  cor.  Dearborn  and  Madison  Hts.,  is  worthy  of  notice.  Other  representa- 
tive striiotures  are  Oreenhaum'e  Bank  Building,  in  fith  Ave.,  the  Chicago  Saving$ 
fnititution,  cor.  Madison  and  Dearborn  Sts.,  and  J/aleU  Block,  200  to  206  Ran* 
(loiph  St. 

ThcatiM  aa4  PlacM  af  AHMNMit— The  far-famed  Orosby's  Opera-IIonse  waa 
burned  down  In  the  fire  of  1N71,  and  has  not  been  rebuilt,  though  a  new  one  is  in  con- 
templation. Me  Vieker^i  Theatre,  noar  the  oor.  of  State  and  Madison  Sts.,  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  country.  Jfooley'*,  Just  W.  of  the  Sherman  House,  Is  also  a  beaoti- 
fiil  theatre.  The  Aemletny  of  Mueii,  In  Ilalstead  St.  near  Madison,  was  built  In  8 
weeks  after  the  fire,  and  has  since  been  enlarged  and  improved.  Aiken'e  Theatre, 
cor.  Wabash  Ave.  and  Congress  St.,  and  Myeri  Opera-IIouee  (minstrels),  in  Monroe 
St.  near  State,  are  new.  The  Olobe  Theatre,  In  Desplaines  St.  near  Madison,  if 
devoted  to  legitimate  drama,  and  has  a  good  company.  The  Dexter  Park  race- 
course is  located  near  the  Union  Stock- Yards.  The  Shooting-Club  has  a  park  oloae 
by,  and  in  the  season  keeps  about  2S,000  pigeons  in  cages  and  houses  for  practice 
and  matches. 

Cliiwlwfc— There  are  about  180  church  ediflcos  In  Chicago,  including  those  an- 
touohed  by  the  fire  and  those  which  have  si!;ce  been  rebuilt.  Among  t..e  most 
notable  are:  Hatty  Chutii  (Unitarian)  in  N.  Dearborn  St.  cor.  Lafayette  Place,  a 
white-marble  structure,  in  the  modem  Ootliic  style,  with  double  spires.  The  Second 
Preehyterian,  cor.  Michigan  Ave.  and  18th  St.,  is  a  large  and  Imposing  stone 
structure.  The  Michigan  Avenue  Baptitt  Church,  in  Michigan  Avenue  near  24th 
St.,  is  of  stone,  in  the  Oothic  style,  with  a  graceful  tower  and  spire.  St.  Jamee'i 
(Episcopal),  cor.  Cass  and  Huron  Sts.,  is  large  and  massive,  with  a  wpiare  flanking 
tower.  The  Union  Park  Congregational,  cor,  Ashland  Ave.  and  Washington  8 
has  a  lofty  spire  and  is  quite  ornate  in  style.  The  Second  Baptitt,  oor.  Monroe  and 
Morgan  Sts.,  is  a  plain  edifice  in  the  Italian  style,  with  a  most  peculiar  spire.  The 
Twclftk  Street  Chirch  (Roman  Catholic)  is  pure  Oothic  in  style  and  has  an  ex- 
tremely rich  and  noble  interior. 

Ukraries,  Edicatleul  aid  ChariUMe  lastttatleM,  etc— The  old  Custom-IIouse  build- 
ing, cor.  Dearborn  and  Monroe  Sts.,  has  been  sold  to  the  city  and  fitted  up  as  a 
Puhlic  Library,  the  nucleus  of  which  was  contributed  by  English  authors  an«l  pub- 
lishers in  1872.  The  collection  now  comprises  about  8,000  volumes.  The  Christian 
Union  has  a  library,  reading-room,  gymnasium,  etc.  The  Academy  of  Seieneet, 
established  in  1867,  lost  a  valuable  collection  of  88,000  specimens  in  the  fire,  but 
has  erected  a  new  building  on  the  old  site  (in  Wabash  Ave  near  Van  Buren  St.), 
and  is  slowly  gathering  a  new  museum  and  library.  The  IfalvercHy  af  Chlcagt,  founded 
by  the  late  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  occupies  a  beautiful  site,  overlooking  Lake  Michi- 
gan, at  Cottage  Grove,  4  m.  S.  of  Court-House  Scjuare  (reached  by  State  St,  cars). 
The  main  building,  136  by  172  ft.,  was  completed  in  1866,  at  a  cost  of  $110,000. 
The  S.  wing  has  recently  been  added.  When  finished  the  edifice  will  be  one  of  the 
most  commodious  and  elegant  in  the  West,  Dearborn  Observatory;  adjoining  the 
University  on  the  W.,  contains  a  Clark  refracting  telescope,  which  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  in  the  world.  It  has  23  ft.  focal  length  and  18^  inches  aperture. 
The  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  has  a  large  and  handsome  building  in  rear  of  the 
University,  The  Chicago  Theological  Seminary  has  a  fine  stone  building  in  the 
Norman  style  on  the  W,  side  of  Union  Square,  at  the  intorsection  of  Reuben  and 
Warren  Sts,  The  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  has  a  fine  edifice,  recently 
erected  at  the  oor.  of  Fullerton  Ave.  and  Halstead  St.    It  is  6  stories  high,  and  con- 


M 


IIAND-dOOK  or  AMIRIOAH  OITIEfl. 


tainn  A  bo(kI  Ilbrnry. 
biiihIiiiK,  No.  418  W.  I'itli  St. 


The  (N.  ImuUu  (MtoRt  (Koninn  CnthoHo)  haa  an  clesant 
Thoro  arc  6  metilcnl  college*  in  the  city,  of  wTiioii 
tlio  iiioNt  notewortliy  in  tliu  l{u»h  Medicnl  ('olhge,  foundeii  in  I84'i,  and  witli  a  nuw 
anil  Ntately  biiildlriK  at  tliu  ror.  of  X.  Dourborn  iind  Indi'iiia  HtM.  The  (,'Meiigo 
Mtdienl  (follege  \\\\%  u  larttu  Mfructiiru  at  thu  cor.  of  I'ntiriu  Avu.  and  2Atli  Ht.  Tlie 
Hahnemann  College  (lIoiiuBopattiic)  is  at  tho  cor.  of  CuttaKo  Urovo  Ave.  and 
2«th  St. 

Tlio  Cook  County  llonpitaly  erected  in  180B,  in  a  Rpa<-iouN  Htrnctnru  at  the  cor. 
of  iHtli  and  Arnold  StM.  Merry  Uaipltal  in  an  itnniunHu  building  at  lliu  cor.  of  Calu- 
met Ave.  and  '2Hth  St.,  wull  worth  viHiting  (taku  Indiana  Ave.  cam).  Other  Im- 
portant chai'ital)lc  inMtitutions  are  the  Magdahn  Anylum,  in  N.  Market  St. ;  the 
Home  for  the  FrienUlt'ts,  No.  Kit  Wabafh  Ave.;  the  I'roteUnnt  Orphan  Atylum, 
cor.  ViichiKan  Ave.  and  22<l  St. ;  and  St.  Jone/tWi  (male)  and  .SY.  .Vnru's  (female) 
Orphan  Ati/himn,  in  N.  State  St.  cor.  Sii|»erior  St.  The  two  likst  nanii^J  aro  under 
the  charno  of  tlio  Sinters  of  Mercy.  A  new  Marine  Ilotpital,  one  of  the  lartcent  and 
mont  coHtly  in  tho  country,  Im  located  at  Lake  View,  a  liltie  beyonii  Lincoln  I'ark. 

Parki,  BMlevard*,  aid  CrMrterlWi — (Mdca^o  ban  r.  maKniHcent  HyMtem  of  public 
parks,  autho^izod  in  IH(tl),  and  partially  improved  previous  to  the  tire,  nince  which 
tlio  work  has  proceeded  moru  slowly.  There  are  six  parks,  iiKKreKntinK  no>\rly 
1,W)0  acres,  which  aro  connected  by  a  cordon  of  boulevards  260  ft.  wide,  extending 
around  the  throe  land-sidos  of  the  city,  with  a  drive  on  the  lake-shore.  These  give 
8:t  in.  of  drives,  Itesidos  those  around  the  parks.  UiMbi  Park,  on  tho  lake-shore,  in 
the  Northern  Division,  contains  about  2<')0  acres,  and  has  A  m.  of  drives  and  walks, 
tine  trees,  artiticial  hills  and  mounds,  miniature  lakes  and  streuiiis,  summer-houses, 
rustic  bridges,  an<l  shady  ramiilvs.  ()pon-air  concerts  are  given  hero  on  Saturday 
atternoons  in  suiiimcr.  From  tlie  N.  end  of  Lincoln  Park  a  boulevard,  8|  m.  long, 
oxtenils  W.  to  Ifumbollt  Pari,  wliicli  contains  19!Ji  acres,  and  is  only  partially  im- 
proved. About  2  m.  S.  of  llumlioldt  Park,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  similar 
boulevard,  is  Central  I'ark;  an  irregula'*  tract  of  land  nearly  a  milo  long  from  N.  to 
S.,  and  containing  171  acres,  the  middle  lino  of  which  lies  on  Madison  St.,  4  m. 
from  the  Oourt  House.  From  this  park  the  Douglas  Boulevard  runs  1^  m.  S.  E.  to 
Dotiglat  Park,  which  also  contiiins  171  acres.  From  this  another  boulevard  runs 
8.  4J  m.,  tlienco  K.  i\  m.  to  tho  two  South  Parke,  containing  1,055  acres,  which 
aro  tastefully  laid  out.  Tho  most  southerly  extends  upward  of  1^  m.  along  the 
shore  of  tho  Lake.  Two  boulevards  run  thence  to  the  well-paved  streets  that  con- 
nect with  tlio  business  portion  of  the  city,  llilaa  Park  (reached  by  Madis4)n  and 
Randolph  St.  cars  or  by  Washington  St.  stages)  is  located  in  the  very  centre  of  the 
rosideiico  portion  of  the  West  Division.  Though  containing  only  17  acres,  the  judi- 
cious expenditure  of  $100,000  on  lakelets,  drives  hills,  pagodas,  zoological  gardens, 
and  admirable  landsoapo-gardeniiig,  has  rendered  its  apparent  size  much  greater. 
Thoro  are  of»en-air  concerts  here  every  Wednesday  evening  in  summer.  Lahi  Park, 
on  tho  S.  side,  running  about  1  m.  on  the  lake-shore,  though  unimproved  itself,  is 
ornamented  by  the  elegant  Michigan  Ave.  residences,  and  is  a  favorite  promenade 
on  summer  evenings.  Jefferson  Park,  one  of  the  smaller  public  squares,  contains  a 
handsome  fountain. 

Of  tho  cemeteries,  Orarelaml,  Ro»e-Hill,  and  Calvary,  In  the  North  Division, 
aro  the  most  interesting.  Tho  last  two  are  on  t!ie  line  of  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee 
R.  R.  Oakwood,  on  the  Vincenne*  road,  3  m.  S.  of  the  city  linnts,  is  a  pretty  rural 
spot.  This  cemetery  can  be  reached  by  horso-cars  and  dummy,  or  by  a  pleasant 
drive  through  the  boulevards. 

Water^Works  aid  Tinelh — The  system  by  which  Chicago  is  supplied  with  water 
has  been  called  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  The  Water  -  Work*  are  situated 
on  tho  lake  shore  in  the  North  Division  (take  N.  Clark  St.  cars  and  get  off  at  Chi- 
cago Ave).,  and  may  be  inspected  on  application  to  the  engineer  in  charge.  They 
comprise  a  stone  water-tower,  180  ft.  nigh,  up  which  the  water  is  forced  by  4 
engines,  having  a  pumping  capacity  of  72,000,000  gallons  daily,  and  flows  thence 
through  j)ipe8  to  every  part  of  the  city.  A  very  fine  view  of  the  city,  lake,  and 
surrounding  country,  may  be  obtained  from  the  top  of  the  tower,  which  is  reached 


iili  itii>iiTKiiiiii  awmiMiiii      — 


an  elecant 

I'lty,  of  wliloh 

111  with  n  new 

Tho  dhieago 

|2Htli  Ht.     The 

|ovu  Avo.  and 

ro  lit  the  cor. 

cor.  nt  Calu- 

).     Other  Im- 

larket  Ht. ;  the 

phan  Aiylum, 

Viiru'$  aeiimiti) 

iicJ  aru  iinilur 

|the  largext  and 

.iiicdlii  I'Hrk. 

Item  of  piibllo 

Jro,  Hinco  which 

•4'KHtinK  ni«<\rly 

vi<lc,  extending 

'i>.     These  give 

0  liike-Mhore,  in 

ivoH  and  waiko, 

iiuiinier-lioiisoK, 

ro  on  Hatiirday 

tril,  8^  m.  ion^r, 

Iv  partially  ini- 

ti'd  by  u  Himilar 

lonx  from  N.  to 

(11  son  St.,  4    m. 

8  Uui.  H.  E.  to 

boulevard  runs 

6fi  ucre8,  which 

i  lu.  along  the 

itroetH  that  con- 

'>y  Madi84)n  and 

ry  centre  of  the 

'  acres,  the  iudi- 

ilogical  gardens, 

J  raucii  greater. 

or.     Lake  Park, 

iprovod  itself,  is 

trite  promenade 

laros,  contains  a 

North  Division, 
go  &  Milwaukee 
is  u  pretty  rural 
)r  by  a  pleasant 

died  with  water 
rki  are  situated 
I  get  off  at  Chi- 
1  charge.  They 
■  is  forced  by  i 
id  flows  thence 
city,  lake,  and 
irhioli  is  reached 


CHICAGO. 


9ft 


hy  a  iiiiral  Ntaircaae.  From  thin  tower  a  nearly  cylindrical  brick  tunnel.  62  inch- 
es hlgii  and  AO  wide,  eitends  S  m.  under  tlie  lake,  lying  6(1  to  7(>  ft.  i-clow  the 
lako-surfuce.  The  water  enters  the  tunnel  through  a  grate<l  rylindor,  incl4)Mi>d  in  un 
ImmeniM)  crib,  on  which  a  llghtlionse  and  Hignal-Rtut*on  are  to  be  constructed.  The 
tunnel  whs  begun  in  1864  and  flnlshed  in  1H66,  at  a  coHt  of  |ftlA, litl*.  Another  tun- 
nel,  7  ft.  in  diameter,  wai4  comiiicncetl  In  IH78,  which  will  connect  with  the  crib, 
ami,  through  independent  pumping-works,  siipplT  tne  H.  W.  section  of  the  city. 
Another  abundant  source  of  water-supply  Iiiih  been  recently  develnpetl  in  the  Artt- 
tinn  Well*,  of  wbicii  there  are  about  40.  The  first  two  sunk  are  Mituato<l  at  the 
InterHection  of  ('bicogo  and  Wcntern  Avenues  (reaohe<l  by  W.  Randolph  Ht  cars), 
are  respectively  Oil  and  11)4  tl.  deep,  and  flow  about  1,200,0110  gallons  daily.  It  is 
noteworthy  that  they  were  mink  in  1864,  under  the  direction  of  a  metliiini  who 
prophesied  that  oil  would  be  found  there— and  prophesied  falstly.  The  stock-vanls, 
the  west-side  parks,  and  numerous  manufacturing  establishments,  are  supplie<l  from 
artesian  wells. 

Until  recently  intercourse  between  the  three  divisions  of  the  city  was  effected 
only  by  3H  bridges,  which  span  the  river  at  Intervnls  if  two  s(|uare«,  and  swing  on 
central  pivots  to  ailinit  the  (lussage  of  vessels.  ano  bridges,  liowever,  are  a  seri- 

ouB  im|>edimnnt  to  navigation,  as  well  as  to  vehicles  and  |>edostrlans ;  and,  in  order 
to  obviate  the  inconvenience,  and  secure  iininterruptea  communication  between 
the  South  an<l  West  Divisions,  a  Tunnel  was  constructed  in  ISflrt  umler  the  South 
Branch  at  Washington  St.  It  is  l,OOH  ft.  long,  with  a  descent  of  20  ft.,  has  a  double 
roadway  for  vehicles  and  a  separate  passage  for  pedestrians,  and  cost  $400,000.  In 
1870  another  similar  tunnel,  with  a  total  length  of  1,80()  ft.,  inciiiding  approaches, 
was  constructed  under  the  main  river  on  the  line  of  La  Salle  St.,  connecting  the 
North  and  South  Divisions  (cost  $^49,000).  It  is  now  contemplated  to  substitute 
tunnels  for  bridges  at  many  other  points  along  the  river. 

HlMclHeAu  PfaMesaf  latemti — No  visitor  to  Chicago  should  fail  to  inspect  the  VbImi 
8t«rk-Var4s,  where  the  vast  live-stock  trade  of  the  city  is  transacted  (reached  by 
State  St.  cars,  or  by  trains  every  few  minuter''  The  yards  compri.ie  84fi  acres,  of 
which  100  are  in  pens,  and  have  81  m.  of  drainage,  7  m.  of  streets  and  alleys,  2,800 
gates,  and  cost  $1,67B,0(K».  They  have  capacity  for  21,000  cattle,  76,000  hogs,- 
22,000  sheep,  and  200  horses.  There  is  a  large  and  handsome  brick  hotel  connected 
with  the  yards  ;  also  a  Bank  and  a  Board  of  Trade.  Quite  a  large  town  (4,000  in- 
habitants) has  sprung  up  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  with  post-office,  telegraph -od'ce, 
churches,  schools,  etc.  The  scene  is  very  animated  and  mteresting  during  the  dar. 
The  Grain-  Einator*  are  also  a  very  interesting  feature,  and  should  be  visited,  in 
order  to  obtain  an  idea  of  the  manner  in  which  the  immense  grain-trade  of  Chicago 
is  carried  on.  There  are  16  of  these  buildings,  all  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  connected  with  the  railroads  by  side-tracks.  They  have  an  aggregate  storage 
capacity  :>f  12,800,000  bushels,  and  receive  and  discharge  grain  with  almost  incredi- 
ble dispatch.  Porh-paelcing  is  a  highly-interesting  process.  The  hogs  are  driven 
up  an  inclined  plane  to  a  pen  in  the  upper  part  of  the  packing-honse.  A  chain  or 
cord  attached  to  a  pulley  in  a  sliding  frame  near  the  ceiling  is  slipped  over  one  leg, 
the  hog  is  Jerked  up,  his  throat  cut,  the  body  lowered  into  a  long  vat  of  boiling 
water,  lifted  out,  scraped,  disemboweled,  and  hung  np  to  cool.  When  cooled,  the 
bodies  are  cut  up  into  "  meats,"  salted,  and  packed.  The  larget.'  houses  are  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Stock- Yards,  and  are  usually  open  to  the  inspection  of  visitors.  The 
Titoli  Garden  (in  the  Exchange  Building,  cor.  Washington  and  Clark  Sts.)  is  one 
of  the  city  sights.  It  is  a  compound  of  restaurant,  beer-garden,  and  concert-saloon, 
and  is  richly  furnished  and  decorated.  The  Expotition  Building  is  a  spacious  ai.  I 
elegant  structure  of  iron  and  glass,  in  Lake  Park,  at  the  foot  of  Adams  St.  An 
exhibition  of  art  and  industrial  products  is  held  here  every  summer.  The  Douglas 
Monument  occupies  a  site  formerly  owned  by  Senator  Douglas  himself,  and  since 
purchased  from  Mrs.  Douglas  for  $80,000.  The  monument  consists  of  a  circular 
base,  62  ft.  in  diameter,  a  pedestal  21  ft.,  and  a  column  48  ft.  high,  surmounted  by  a 
sphere,  upon  which  a  bronze  statue  of  Douglas,  12  ft.  high,  is  to  be  placed.  The  en- 
tire height  of  the  monament,  when  completed,  will  be  100  ft.,  and  the  cost  |76,000, 


96 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 
OHIOAOO  TO  BSIIiWAnKBI]. 


(Via  Chicago  &  Northwestern  R.  B.    Dlttance,  8B  m.    Time,  S^tf-a  bn.) 

This  road  runs  along  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  through  a  rich  farming  re- 
gion, well  cultivated  and  populous.  The  only  important  town  on  the  route  is  Eaeiru 
(62  m.),  which  is  the  second  city  of  Wisconsin  in  population  and  commerce.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Root  River,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  on 
a  plain  about  40  ft.  above  the  water,  and  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  lake. 
The  city  is  handsomely  laid  out  in  wide  and  well-paved  streets,  on  which  are  numer- 
ous fine  public  buildings,  large  warehouses,  manufactories,  and  stores.  Rc«ine  Col- 
lege (Episcopal)  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  educational  institutions  in  the  West. 
Racine  was  settled  in  1835,  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1848,  and  in  1870  had  a 
population  of  18,282. 

MILWAUKZIB. 

Httels  I  The  N'ewhall  House  ($4  a  day),  the  largest  in  the  Northwest  outside  of 
Chicago ;  the  Planhinton  Home,  an  old  and  favorite  resort ;  the  Walker  House,  and 
the  Junean  House,  both  in  Water  St.,  convenient  to  the  business  portion  of  the 
city. 

MILWAUKEE,  the  commercial  capital  of  Wisconsin,  and,  next  to  Chicago,  the 
largest  city  in  the  Northwest,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan, 
at  the  mouth  of  Milwaukee  River.  This  river  flows  through  the  city,  and  with  the 
Menomonee,  with  which  it  forms  a  junction,  divides  it  into  three  nearly  equal  dis- 
tricts, which  are  severally  known  as. the  East,  West,  and  South  Divisions.  The  river 
has  been  rendered  navigable  to  the  heart  of  the  city  by  vessels  of  any  tonnage  used 
on  the  lakes,  and  is  regarded  as  the  best  harbor  on  the  8.  or  W.  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan.  The  climate  of  Milwaukee  is  peculiarly  bracing  and  healthful,  and  the 
atmosphere  remarkabl."  <.lear  and  pure.  The  city  embraces  an  area  of  17  sq.  m., 
and  is  regularly  laid  out.  The  centre,  near  the  Milwaukee  and  MenomoLse  Rivers, 
is  the  business  quarter ;  and  the  E.  and  W.  parts,  the  former  of  which  ir  built 
upon  a  high  bluff  overlooking  the  lake,  while  the  latter  is  still  more  elevated,  are 
occupied  by  residences.  The  peculiar  cream-color  of  the  "  Milwaukee  brick,"  of 
which  many  of  the  buildings  are  constructed,"  gives  the  city  a  unique  and  pretty 
appearance,  and  has  earned  for  it  the  name  of  the  "  Cream  City  of  the  Lakes."  The 
streets,  except  those  in  the  commercial  quarter,  are  generally  well  shaded.  Mil- 
waukee was  settled  in  1835,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1846.  Its  population  in 
1840  was  1,712;  in  1860,  45,246;  in  1870,  71,440;  and  in  1874  the  local  authori- 
ties estimated  it  at  fi-om  95,000  to  100,000.  The  Germans  constitute  nearly  one- 
half  the  entire  population,  and  tlieir  influence  upon  the  social  life  of  the  inhabit- 
ants is  everywhere  seen.  Breweries  and  lager-bier  saloons,  gardens,  gasthau.ien, 
music-halls,  and  restaurants  aboimd ;  and  on  the  street  one  hears  German  spoken 
quite  as  often  as  English. 

The  commerce  of  Milwaukee  is  very  large,  wheat  and  flou/  being  the  most 
important  items.  In  1873  there  were  shipped  from  this  port  24,994,266  bushels 
of  wheat  and  1,805,200  barrels  of  flour.  The  storage  accommodations  for  grain 
comprise  six  elevators,  with  a  combined  capacity  of  8,450,000  bushels;  and  the 
flour-mills  are  on  an  immense  scale.  Butter,  wool,  hides,  and  lumber,  are  also 
important  articles  of  trade.  The  manufactures  are  extensive,  and  embrace  lager- 
bier  (which  is  highly  esteemed  and  widely  exported),  pig-iron  and  iron  castings, 
leather,  machinery,  agricultural  implements,  steam-boilers,  car-wheels,  furniture, 
and  tobacco  and  cigars.  The  product  ot  th)  blast-furnaces  and  rolling-mills  for 
1873  was  valued  at  about  $3,500,000;  of  the  flouring-mills,  $6,000,000;  of  the 
breweries,  $2,600,000;  of  the  distilleries,  $1,500,000;  and  of  the  tanneries,  $3,000,- 
000. 

East  Water  St.  and  Spring  St.  are  very  wide  and  handsome  thoroughfaifis,  and 
on  them  are  the  principal  hotels  and  retail  stores.  Among  the  public  buildings,  the 
finest  is  the  Ignited  States  CastOH-Htue,  which  also  contains  the  Post- Office  and  the 


MILWAUKEE. 


97 


n.) 

ioh  farming  re- 
route is  Racine 
jmmerce.  It  is 
ke  Michigan,  on 
tors  on  the  lake, 
hich  are  numer- 
R<vcine  Col- 
>n8  in  the  West. 
in  1870  had  a 


west  outside  of 

ilJeer  Route,  and 

portion  of  the 

to  Chicago,  the 
Lake  Michigan, 
ty,  and  with  the 
nearly  equal  dis- 
lions.  The  river 
ny  tonnage  used 
V.  shore  of  Lake 
salthfuK  and  the 
•ea  of  17  sq.  m., 
Domoi^ee  Rivers, 
f  which  ir  built 
[)re  elevated,  are 
aukee  brick,"  of 
aique  and  pretty 
the  Lakes."  The 
ell  shaded.  Mil- 
Its  population  in 
he  local  authori- 
itute  nearly  one- 
"e  of  the  inhabit- 
lens,  gasthau.oen, 
I  German  spoken 

being  the  most 
,994,266  bushels 
lations  for  grain 
)U8hels ;  and  the 
lumber,  are  also 
i  embrace  lager- 
id  iron  castings, 
heels,  furniture, 
rolling-mills  for 
000,000;  of  the 
inneries,  |;3,000,- 

oroughfaics,  and 
ilic  buildings,  the 
»t-  Office  and  the 


U.  S.  Courts,  It  is  of  Athens  stone,  and  stands  on  the  cor.  of  Wisconsin  and  Mil 
waukee  Sts.  The  new  C«Hty  >.  '^rt-Hnw  is  a  handsome  edifice.  The  Mu$iic  Ball 
has  an  elegant  auditorium,  with  sittings  for  2,800  persons.  It  was  erected  in  1864, 
at  a  cost  of  $65,000,  and  is  owned  by  the  German  Musical  Society.  The  Opera- 
House  and  the  Amdemy  o/Mutie  are  fine  buildings,  the  latter  being  used  for  theat- 
rical performances,  nnd  having  800  sittings.     There  are  several  banking-houses 


Milwaukee. 

which  have  large  and  imposing  buildings.  The  most  prominent  chnrch  edifice  in 
the  city  is  the  Roman  Catholic  bithcdral  af  St.  Jtibm.  The  new  Baptitt  Church  is  also 
a  handsome  structure.  Of  the  literary  institutions  the  most  prominent  is  the  Mil- 
waukee  Female  College,  which,  in  1878,  had  6  instructors  and  118  students.  The 
Young  Men's  Association  has  a  library  of  11,000  volumes,  and  a  well-supplied  read- 
ing-room. The  Nvrthwesten  NatlMUl  Asflia  (for  disabled  soldie.'s)  is  au  immense 
brick  building,  about  8  m.  from  the  city,  having  accommodations  for  700  or  800  in- 
mates. The  institution  has  a  reading-room,  and  a  library  of  2,600  volumes.  The 
grounds  embrace  426  acres,  more  than  half  of  which  is  under  cultivation,  the  residue 
being  laid  out  as  a  park.  In  the  city  there  are  three  orphan  asylums,  a  Home  for 
the  Friendless,  and  two  hospitals.  Several  of  the  industrial  establishments  are  well 
worth  a  visit,  especially  the  Graiii>£lcTat«r  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R.  R.  This 
immense  structure  has  a  storage  capacity  of  1,600,000  bushels,  and  is  one  of  the 
largest  on  the  continent.  The  fiour-mill  of  Betschey  &  Kern  has  a  capacity  for  pro- 
ducing 1,000  barrels  of  flour  daily ;  and  the  rolling-mill  of  E.  B.  Ward  is  one  of  the 
most  extensive  in  the  West. 

NEW  YORK  TO  OINOINNATL— JiOl7TJE;  I. 

(Fia  Erie  B.  R.  and  Atlantic  &  Great  Weatem  R.  R.  [Di«Unce,  861  m.  Time,  about  80  hrs.   Fare,  %K.) 

As  far  as  Salamanca,  New  York  (418  m.),  this  is  identic.il  with  Route  II.  from 
New  York  to  Chicago.  {See  page  82.)  At  Salamanca  the  train  takes  the  line  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  road,  crossing  the  N.  W.  corner  of  Pennsylvania  and 
passing  through  the  heart  of  the  oil-region.  Freehold  (465  m.)  is  the  first  station  in 
Pennsylvania.  Corry  (474  m.)  came  into  existence  as  the  result  of  the  discovery  of 
oil,  the  first  building  ever  erected  there  being  a  small  eating-house,  in  August,  1861. 


08 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERTOAN  CiTtES. 


*- 


It  promises  to  become  an  important  nisnufaoturing  town  and  railroad  centre. 
Meadtille  (616  m.)  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  W.  of  the  AUeghanies,  and  is  now  the 
centre  of  a  large  trade  with  the  oil-region.  It  is  the  seat  of  Alleghany  College, 
founded  in  1816,  and  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  (Unitarian),  founded  in 
1844.  Among  the  more  prominent  edifices  are  a  State  arsenal,  an  academy,  and  several 
ohurchos.  Orangeville  (555  ni.)  is  the  first  station  in  Ohio.  Akron,  0.  (6J6  m.),  is  an 
attractive  and  prosperous  place,  lying  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricnltural  region,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ohio  &  Pennsylvania  with  the  Ohio  &  Erie  Canal.  Mani^eld  (6G2  m.) 
has  already  been  mentioned.  (See  p.  89.)  Uriana  (766  m.)  is  a  charmmg  village,  in 
which  some  manufacturing  is  done,  and  which  contains  several  churches,  oanks,  and 
a  Swedenborgiaii  College.  Springfield  (780  m.),  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  in 
the  State,  is  situated  at  the  confiuunce  of  the  Lagonda  Creek  and  Mad  River,  both 
of  which  furnish  excellent  water-power,  which  is  utilized  in  numerous  manufactures. 
Many  of  the  stores  and  residences  are  elegant,  and  thefe  are  also  several  handsome 
churches.  DaytM  (801  m.)  is  on  the  £.  bank  of  the  Oreat  Miami  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Mad  River,  and,  with  its  broad  and  beautifully-shaded  streets,  elegant 
private  residences,  and  fine  public  buildings,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  cities  in  the 
country.  The  Court-House  is  particularly  noticeable  as  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
West.  The  most  attrac  ive  feature  of  Dayton  to  the  tourist  is  the  Central  National 
Soldier*'  Home,  situated  on  a  picturesque  elevation,  4  m.  from  the  city,  and  reached 
by  horse-cars.  The  Home  is  an  extensive  group  of  fine,  large  buildings,  over  40  in 
number,  including  a  handsome  church,  built  of  native  white  limestone,  and  a  splen- 
did hospital,  said  to  be  the  best  adapted  to  its  purpose  of  any  in  the  United  States. 
The  latter  is  of  red  brick,  with  freestone  facings  and  trimmings,  and  accommodates 
800  patients.  The  princii)al  othef  buildings  are  a  brick  dining-hall,  capable  of  seat- 
ing 8,000  persons,  a  fine  library,  a  music-hall,  billiard-room,  bowling-alley,  head- 
quarters building,  and  several  barracks  for  the  men.  The  grounds  embrace  an  area 
of  640  acres,  well  shaded  with  natural  forest-trees,  and  are  handsomely  laid  out, 
with  winding  arenues,  a  deer-park,  stocked  from  Lookout  Mountain,  a  beautiful 
artificial  lake,  a  natural  grotto,  hot-houses,  and  fiower-heds.  Hamilton  (836  m.)  is 
a  pretty  town,  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Miami  River.  Cincinnati  (861  m.)  is 
described  on  p.  101.  

NBW  YORK  TO  OINOINNATL— JtOIZTJB  II. 

(Fia"  Panhandle  Route."    Distance  TS8  m.    Time,  Sdbrs.    Fare,  $20.) 

'  1  As  far  as  Columbus,  Ohio  (688  m.),  this  route  is  identical  with  Route  III.  from 
New  York  to  Chicago.  {See  p.  86.)  At  Columbus  the  train  takes  the  line  of  the 
Little  Miami  R.  R.,  extending  S.  W.  through  a  rich  and  populous  prairie  country, 
dotted  with  towns  and  villuges.  London  (663  m.)  is  a  pretty  town,  capital  of  Mad- 
ison County,  and  containing  a  fine  union  schoolhouse.  Xenia  (693  m.)  is,  like  a 
large  proportion  of  Ohio  towns,  regularly  and  handsomely  built,  the  streets  being 
shaded  with  large  fore»t-trees.  The  surrounding  country  is  undulating,  fertile,  and 
highly  cultivated.  Milford  (744  m.)  is  a  flourishing  village  on  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  Little  Miami  River.  It  is  connected  with  the  R.  R.  station  by  a  bridge.  Cin- 
cinnati (758  m.)  is  described  on  p.  101. 


BAZiTIMORI)   TO  OINOINNATL 

( Via  BaUimore  A  Ohio  R.  R.    Dlatance,  689  m.    Time,  about  S9  hn.    Fare,  $1«.) 

The  grandeur  of  the  scenery  along  the  line  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.  makeii 
it  one  of  the  most  attractive  routes  that  tourists  can  take,  and  it  possesses  the  addi- 
tional interest  of  having  been  the  theatre  of  some  of  the  most  exciting  scenes  in  the 
late  civil  war,  during  which  it  suffered  severely  by  the  destruction  of  its  track, 
bridges,  and  rolling-stock.  Baltimore,  the  principal  city  of  Maryland,  has  already 
been  described.  {See  p.  86.)  In  leaving  Bidtimore  by  this  road  the  train  no  sooner 
emerges  from  the  dingy  suburbs  than  the  pleasures  of  the  trip  commence.  Looking 
back  we  obtain  a  fine  view  of  the  city,  and  then  cross  Garrollton  Viaduet,  a  fine 


NEW  YORK  TO  CINCINNATI— BALTIMORB  TO  CINCINNATI. 


99 


0, 


railroad  centre. 

and  is  now  the 

lefi^hany  College, 

ian),  founded  in 

emj,  and  several 

(6A6in.),  is  an 

al  region,  at  the 

an^eld  (6G2  m.) 

rming  village,  in 

rches,  ->anks,  and 

eeutiful  cities  in 

Mad  River,  both 

us  manufactures. 

leveral  handsome 

mi  River,  at  the 

streets,  elegant 

nest  cities  in  the 

the  finest  in  the 

Central  National 

city,  and  reached 

dings,  over  40  in 

;one,  and  a  splen- 

he  United  States. 

id  accommodates 

1,  capable  of  seat- 

vling-alley,  head- 

I  embrace  an  area 

dsomelj  laid  out, 

ntain,  a  beautiful 

milton  (8.S6  m.)  is 

innati  (861  m.)  is 


tl.  ■■>' 

B,  120.) 

th  Route  III.  from 
ces  the  line  of  the 
IS  prairie  country, 
n,  capital  of  Mad- 
(693  m.)  is,  like  a 
,  the  streets  being 
ilating,  fertile,  ana 
)  opposite  bank  of 
)y  a  bridge.     Oin- 


Fwe,  tl«.) 

;  Ohio  R.  R.  maketi 
possesses  the  addi- 
iiting  scenes  in  the 
Btion  of  its  track, 
jrland,  has  already 
;he  train  no  sooner 
omence.  Looking 
m  Viaduet,  a  fine 


bridge  of  dressed  granite,  with  an  arch  of  80  ft.  span,  over  Gwinn's  Falls,  after 
which  the  road  soon  enters  the  long  and  deep  excavation  under  the  Washington 
turnpike.  Less  than  a  mile  farther  the  "deep  cut"  is  encountered,  famous  for  its 
difficulties  in  tlie  early  history  of  the  road.  It  is  76  ft.  deep  and  nearly  i  m.  long. 
Beyond  this  the  road  crosses  the  deep  ravine  of  Robert's  Run,  and,  skirting  the  ore- 
banks  of  the  old  Baltimore  Iron  Company,  now  covered  by  a  dense  forest  of  cedar- 
trees,  comes  to  the  long  and  deep  embankment  over  the  valley  of  Gadsby's  Run,  and 
the  heavy  cut  through  Vinegar  Hill  immediately  following  it.  At  Wathington  June- 
ti&ii  (9  m.)  the  open  country  of  sand  and  clay  ends,  and  the  region  of  rock  begins  at 
the  entrance  to  the  gorge  of  the  Patajisco  River.  In  entering  this  defile  there  is  a 
fine  view  of  the  Thomat  Viadvet,  a  noble  granite  structure  of  8  elliptic  arches, 
spanning  the  stream  at  a  height  of  66  ft.  above  the  bed,  and  nearly  700  ft.  long. 
EUicotVB  Milh  (14  m.)  is  in  a  bold,  rocky  passage  of  the  Patapsco,  which  runs  leap- 
ing and  dashing  through  the  village,  in  full  view  from  the  car-window.  Near  Elyt- 
nille  (20  m.)  the  road  twice  crosses  the  river,  the  first  time  by  a  viaduct  880  ft.  long, 
and  the  second  time  by  one  of  nearly  800  f^.  From  the  summit  of  the  ridge  at 
Mount  Airy  (42  ra.)  is  a  noble  view  westward  across  the  Fredericktown  Valley, 
and  as  far  as  the  Catoctin  Mountains,  16  m.  distant.  The  road  thence  descends  into 
the  valley  of  Bush  Creek,  a  stream  of  moderate  curves  and  gentle  slopes,  except 
where  it  breaks  through  ranges  of  trap-rock.  Frederiek  Junction  (68  m.),  better 
known  as  M<moeaey,  is  near  the  battle-ground  where,  on  the  9th  of  July,  1864,  the 
Federals  wore  defeated  by  a  superior  Confederate  force.  From  this  point  to  the 
Point  of  Rocks,  the  road,  having  escaped  from  the  narrow,  winding  valleys  to  which 
it  has  thus  far  been  confined,  bounds  away  over  the  beautiful  champaign  country 
extending  to  the  Catoctin  Mountains,  a  continuation  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Point  of 
Boeka  (69  m.)  takes  its  name  from  a  bold  promontory,  which  is  formed  by  the  pro- 
file of  the  Catoctin  Mountain,  against  the  base  of  which  the  Potomac  River  runs  on 
the  Maryland  side,  the  mountain  towering  up  on  the  opposite  (Virginia)  shore,  form- 
ing the  other  barrier  to  the  pass.  The  railroad  passes  the  Point  by  a  tunnel,  1,600 
ft.  long,  cut  through  the  solid  rock.  Beyond,  the  ground  becomes  comparatively 
smooth,  and  the  railroad,  leaving  the  immediate  margin  of  the  river  to  the  canal, 
runs  along  the  base  of  gently-sloping  hills,  passing  the  villages  of  Berlin  and  Knox- 
villa,  and  reaching  tiie  Weverton  Factories,  in  the  pass  to  the  Sc^th  Mountain. 
From  South  Mountain  to  Harper's  Ferry  the  road  lies  along  the  foot  of  a  precipice 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  distance  of  8m.,  the  last  of  which  is  immediately  under 
the  rocky  cliffs  of  Elk  Mountain,  forming  the  N.  side  of  this  noted  pass.  The 
Shenandoah  River  enters  the  Potomac  just  below  the  bridge  over  the  latter,  and  their 
united  currents  rush  rapidly  over  the  broad  ledges  of  rock  which  stretch  across 
their  bed.  The  length  of  the  bridge,  over  river  and  canal,  is  about  900  ft.,  and  at 
its  W.  end  it  bifurcates,  the  left-hand  branch  connecting  with  the  Winchester  & 
Potomac  R.  R.,  which  passes  directly  up  the  Shenandoah,  and  the  right-hand  carry- 
ing the  main  road,  by  a  strong  curve  in  that  direction,  up  the  Potomac.  Harper's 
Ferry  (81  m.)  is  delightfully  situated  in  Jefferson  Co.,  W.  Virginia,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Potomac  and  Shenandoah  Rivers,  the  town  itself  being  compactly  but  irregu- 
larly built  around  the  base  of  a  hill.  Before  the  civil  war  it  was  the  seat  of  an  ex- 
tensive and  important  United  States  armory  and  arsenal ;  but  these  were  destroyed 
during  the  war,  and  have  not  been  rebuilt.  The  scenery  around  Harper's  Ferry  is 
wonderfully  picturesque.  Thomas  Jefferson  pronounced  the  passage  of  the  Potomac 
through  the  Blue  Ridge  "  one  of  the  most  stupendous  scenes  in  Nature,  and  well 
worth  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  to  witness."  The  tourist  should  stop  here  for 
at  least  one  day,  and  climb  either  Maryland  Heights  (across  the  Potomac)  or  Bolivar 
Heights  (above  the  town). 

A  short  distance  above  Harper's  Ferry  the  road  leaves  the  Potomac  and  passes 
np  the  ravine  of  Elk  Branch,  which,  at  first  narrow  and  serpentine,  widens  gradually 
until  it  almost  loses  itself  in  the  rolling  table-land  which  characterizes  the  "  Valley 
of  Virginia."  The  head  of  Elk  Branch  is  reached  in  about  9  m.,  and  thence  the  Ihie 
descends  gradually  over  an  undulating  country  to  the  crossing  of  Opequan  Greek. 
Beyond  the  crossing,  tho  road  enters  the  open  valley  of  Tuscarora  Creek,  which  it 


100 


HAKD-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   CITIES. 


oroBses  twice  and  follows  to  the  town  of  Marlinthurg  (100  in.),  where  the  railroad 
company  have  built  extensive  shops.  Seven  miles  beyond  Murtinsbiirg  the  road 
crosses  North  Mountain  by  a  long  excavation,  and  enters  a  poor  and  thinly-settled 
district  covered  chiefly  with  a  forest  in  which  stunted  pine  prevails.     The  Potomac 


?4i_^ 


Harper's  Ferry, 


is  again  reached  at  a  point  opposite  the  ruins  of  Fort  Frederick,  on  the  Maryland 
side.  Sir  JohrCi  Run  (128  m.)  is  the  point  of  departure  for  Berkeley  Springs  (2i 
m.  distant),  and  just  beyond  the  station  the  track  sweeps  around  the  Oaoapon 
Mountain,  opposite  the  remarkable  insulate^  hill  called  "  Round  Top."  The  next 
point  of  interest  is  the  Doe  Gully  Tunnel  (1,200  ft.  long).  The  approaches  are  very 
imposing,  as  for  several  miles  above  and  below  the  tunnel  they  cause  the  road  to 
occupy  a  high  level  on  the  slopes  of  the  river-hills,  and  thus  afford  exteneive  views 
of  the  grand  mountain  scenery  around.  The  Paw-Paw  Tunnel  is  next  reached,  and, 
after  passing  through  some  20  m.  of  rugged  and  impressive  scenery,  we  cross  the 
N.  branch  of  the  Potomac  by  a  viaduct  700  ft.  long  and  enter  Maryland.  Cmberiaad 
(178  m.)  is  in  the  mountain-region  of  the  narrow  strip  which  forms  the  W.  part  of 
Maryland,  and  in  point  of  population  and  commerce  is  its  second  city.  The  en- 
trance to  the  town  is  beautiful,  and  displays  the  noble  amphitheatre  in  which  it 
lies  to  great  advantage,  the  gap  of  Will's  Mountain,  W.  of  the  town,  being  a  promi- 
nent feature  ot  the  view.  From  Cumberland  to  Piedmont  (28  m.)  the  scenery  is 
remarkably  picturesque.  For  the  first  22  m.,  to  the  mouth  of  New  Creek,  the 
Knobly  Mountain  bounds  the  valleys  of  the  N.  branch  of  the  Potomac  on  the  left, 
and  Will's  and  Dan's  Mountains  on  the  r. ;  thence  to  Piedmont,  the  river  lies  in  the 
gap  which  it  has  cut  through  the  latter  mountain.  The  crossing  of  the  Potomac 
from  Maryland  to  Virginia  is  21  m.  from  Cumberland,  and  the  view  from  the  bridge, 
both  up  and  down  the  river,  is  very  fine.  At  Piedmont  (206  m.)  the  ascent  of  the 
Alleghanies  is  commenced,  and  Altamont  (223)  is  upon  the  extreme  summit  of  the 
range.  From  Altamont  westward  for  nearly  20  m.  are  beautiful  natural  meadows 
(known  as  the  "  Glades  ")  lying  along  the  upper  waters  of  the  Youghiogheny  River, 
and  its  numerous  tributaries,  divided  by  ridges  of  moderate  elevation  and  gentle 
slope,  with  fine  ranges  of  mountains  in  the  background.  The  descent  of  11  m.  to 
Cheat  River  presents  a  succession  of  very  heavy  excavations,  embankments,  and 
tun  lels,  and  at  the  foot  the  famous  Cheat  River  Valley  is  crossed,  with  fine  views 
on  either  side.    For  several  miles  on  this  part  of  the  line  the  road  runs  along  the 


here  the  railroad 
nsbnrg  thu  road 
ind  thinly-settled 
The  Potomac 


on  the  Maryland 
srkeley  Springs  (2i 
3und  the  Oaoapon 

Top."  The  next 
pproaches  are  very 
cause  the  road  to 
rd  exteneive  views 
next  reached,  and, 
nery,  we  cross  the 
ryland.  dakeriaad 
•nis  the  W.  part  of 
)nd  ciiy.  The  en- 
theatre  in  which  it 
vn,  being  a  promi- 
m.)  the  scenery  is 
>f  New  Creek,  the 
Dtomao  on  the  left, 
;he  river  lies  in  the 
\g  of  the  Potomac 
iw  from  the  bridge, 

the  ascent  of  the 
eme  summit  of  the 
1  natural  meadows 
>ughiogheny  River, 
evation  and  gentle 
escent  of  11  m.  to 
embankments,  and 
led,  with  fine  views 
)ad  rurs  along  the 


CINCINNATI. 


101 


»teep  mountain-side,  presenting  a  succession  of  magnificent  Iand8cai)e8.  Descending 
from  Cassidy's  Kidge,  which  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Cheat  River  Valley,  the 
train  soon  readies  the  gre&t  Kingwood  Tunnel,  whiih  is  4,100  ft.  long  and  cost 
♦  1,000,000;  and,  2  m.  beyond,  Murray' i  Tunnel,  250  ft.  long, 

Orafton  (270  m.)  is  the  end  of  the  mountain  division  of  the  road,  and  from  this 
])oint  to  the  <  >hio  River  it  passes  through  a  country  which  is  well  wooded,  and  rich 
in  coal  and  petroleum,  but  without  in^  rest  for  the  tourist.  At  Parhertbvrg  (888 
ni.)  the  train  crosses  the  Ohio  River  cu  a  splendid  bridge,  1^  m.  long,  with  6  spans 
over  the  river  and  48  approaching  spans,  completed  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  over 
$1,000,000.  Athene  (429  m.)  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Hocking  River.  The 
Ohio  University,  the  oldest  in  the  State  (founded  in  1804),  is  located  here;  also  one 
of  the  State  Lunatic  Asylums.  ChilUeothe  (400  m.)  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a 
plateau  through  which  flows  the  Scioto  River.  It  was  founded  in  1704,  and  from 
1800  to  1810  was  the  capital  of  the  State.  It  is  now  a  handsome  and  thriving 
town.     Cincinnati  (589  m.)  is  described  below. 


OmOINNATL 

CINCINNATI,  the  chief  city  of  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  in  lat.  89°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  84°  27'  W.  It  has  a  frontage  of  10  m.  on  the 
river,  and  extends  back  about  8  m.,  occupying  half  of  a  valley  bisected  by  the  river, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  which  are  the  cities  of  Covington  and  Newport,  Ky.  It  is 
surrounded  by  hills  from  400  to  465  ft.  in  height,  forming  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
amphitheatres  on  the  continent,  from  whose  hilltops  may  le  seen  the  spkadid 
panorama  of  the  cities  below,  and  the  winding  Ohio,  No  other  large  city  in  the 
United  States  afibrds  such  a  variety  of  position  and  scenery.  Cincinnati  is  princi- 
l)ally  built  upon  two  terraces,  the  first  60  and  the  second  112  ft.  above  the  river. 
The  latter  has  been  graded  to  an  easy  slope,  terminating  at  the  base  of  the  hills. 


Cincinnati,  O. 

The  streets  are  laid  out  with  great  regularity,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles, 
are  broad  and  well  paved,  and  for  the  most  part  beautifully  shaded.  The  business 
portion  of  the  city  19  compactly  built,  a  fine  drab  freestone  being  the  material 
chiefly  used.  The  outer  highland  belt  of  the  city  is  beautified  by  elegant  residences 
8 


.j^ 


■-«Vi»W^A».* 


®fei»;«eJ.':^Asy«fe- . 


102 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   CIT1E& 


whioh  Btand  in  the  midst  of  extensive  and  highly-adorned  grounds.     Here  .the 
favorite  building  material  is  blue  limestone. 

Gincinnati  was  settled  in  1788,  but  for  a  number  of  years  a  continual  series  of 
difficulties  with  the  Indians  retarded  the  progress  of  the  town.  In  1800  it  had 
grown  to  760  inhabitants,  and  in  1814  it  was  incorporated  as  a  city.  About  1880 
the  Miami  Gunal  was  built,  and  during  the  next  10  years  the  population  increased 
86  per  cent,  .u  1840  the  Little  Miami,  the  first  of  the  many  railroads  now  centring 
at  Gincinnati,  was  finished,  and  in  1860  the  population  had  increased  to  116,430. 
In  1860  it  was  161,044,  and  in  1870,  216,239.  The  central  position  of  Gincinnati  in 
relation  to  extensive  producing  regions  and  to  leading  channels  of  co:umerce  has 
rendered  it  one  of  the  most  important  commercial  centres  of  the  West ;  but  manu- 
factures constitute  its  chief  interest.  In  1876  there  were  4,469  manufacturing 
establishments  whose  products  were  valued  at  $144,000,000.  Iron,  furniture,  boots 
and  shoes,  beer  and  wliiskey,  machinery,  and  steamboats,  are  leading  items  in  the 
product;  but  pork-packing  is  the  i>rincipal  industry.  In  this  branch  Gincinnati 
ranks  next  to  Ghicogo,  663,869  hogs  having  been  packed  in  1876-'6. 

H«Mr,  BcstairaBts,  aad  Oiks. — The  Gratyi  Hotel  is  a  new  and  handsome  structure, 
cor.  4th  St.  and  Central  Ave.  ($4  a  day).  The  Burnet  Hotue,  cor.  8d  and  Vine 
Sts.,  has  been  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  the  principal  hotel  of  Gincinnati 
(|4  a  day).  The  Oibson  Home,  in  Walnut  between  4th  and  6th  Sts.,  is  large  and 
centrally  located  ($4  a  day).  Other  good  hotels  are  the  St.  Jamee  ($2.60  a  day),  in 
E.  4th  St.  between  Main  and  Sycamore;  Walnut  Street  House  ($2.60  a  day),  in 
Walnut  between  6th  and  7th  Sts, ;  Crawford  Houae  ($2.60  a  day),  cor.  6th  and 
Walnut  Sts. ;  Merehantt'  Hotel  {%2,.iiQ  &  Aa.y\  in  6th  St.  between  Main  and  Syca- 
more ;  and  the  Oalt  House  (|2  a  day),  cor.  6th  an^  Main  Sts.  Good  hotels  on  the 
European  plan  are  the  St.  Nicholas,  cor.  4th  and  Race  Sts.,  and  KepplerU  Hotel,  in 
4th  St.  between  Plum  St.  and  Gentral  Ave.  (rooms  $1  to  $8  a  day). 

The  best  restaarants  for  ladies  and  gentlemen  are  E'eppler\  in  4th  St.  between 
Plum  St.  and  Gentral  Ave.;  the  St.  Nicholas,  cor.  4th  and  Race  Sts. ;  Schmidt's, 
cor.  7th  and  Race  Sts. ;  Berbers',  in  Mound  St.  near  6th ;  and  HunVs,  in  Vine  St. 
near  4th. 

The  Phanix  Club  has  an  elegant  building  richly  furnished  at  the  cor.  of  Gentral 
Ave.  and  Gourt  St.  The  Allemania  Club  also  has  a  fine  building  at  the  cor.  of  4th 
and  Walnut  Sts.,  with  billiard-rooms,  ballrooms,  supper-rooms,  etc.  The  Eureka 
Club  has  rooms  at  the  cor.  of  Walnut  and  9th  Sts.  The  Queen  City  Club,  organ- 
ized in  1874,  is  erecting  a  handsome  building  at  the  cor.  of  7th  and  Elm  Sts.  Intro- 
duction by  a  member  secures  the  privileges  of  any  of  these  clubs. 

lailnad  Depatk — The  Depot  of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  ds  Dayton  S.  R.  is  a 
spacious  and  ornate  structure  at  the  cor.  of  6th  and  Hoadley  Sts,  The  Plum  St. 
Depot,  ccr.  Plum  St.  and  Pearl,  is  a  ^arge  buiiding,  400  by  64  ft.  The  Little  Miami 
R.  R.  Depot  is  at  the  cor.  of  Eilgour  and  Front  Sts.  The  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Depot  is  at  the  cor.  of  W.  Front  and  Mill  Sts.  The  Kentucky  Central  Depot  is  in 
Oovington. 

M«dM  tf  CMTeyuw. — Horse-cars  run  to  all  parts  of  the  city  and  suburbs,  andJ]to 
Govington  and  Newport,  Ky.  j(fare,  6c.).  Omnibuses  run  from  all  the  depots  and 
steamboat-landings  to  the  hotels  (fare,  60c.).  Hacks  are  in  waiting  at  the  depots, 
steamboat-landings,  and  at  various  other  points  in  the  city.  Their  legal  rates  are : 
For  1  or  2  persons  to  any  point  within  the  city,  |1 ;  8  or  more  persons,  50c.  each  ; 
large  baggage,  extra ;  by  the  hour,  $2  for  the  first  hour  and  $1.60  for  each  additional 
hour.  These  rates  are  seldom  observed,  however,  and  to  avoid  imposition  a  bar- 
gain should  be  made  with  the  driver  before  starting.  Ferries  to  Govington  from 
foot  of  Vine  St.  and  from  foot  of  Central  Ave. ;  to  Newport  from  foot  of  Lawrence 
St. 

Strerts  and  Drives. — Of  the  business  streets,  Pearl  St.,  whioh  contains  nearly  aU 
the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  and  dry-goods  houses,  is  noted  for  its  splendid  row  of 
lofty,  uniform  stone-fronts  between  Vine  and  Race  Sts.  Third  St.,  between  Main 
and  Vine,  contains  the  banking,  brokerage,  and  insurance  offices.  FMurtfc  St.  is  the 
fashionable  promenade  and  most  select  retail  business  St.,  and  is  lined  with  hand- 


and 


6th| 
in 

uml 
(op| 


'*ir. 


■fe!T«^.j^a^^' 


unds.     Here  .the 

mtinnal  series  of 
In  1800  it  had 
city.  About  1880 
ptilation  increased 
cads  now  centrini;; 
rensed  to  118,436. 
on  of  Cincinnati  in 

of  co:iimerce  has 

West ;  but  manu- 
169  manufacturing 
)n,  furniture,  boots 
iding  items  in  the 

brancli  Cincinnati 
l-'6. 
andsome  structure, 

cor.  8d  and  Vine 
liotel  of  Cincinnati 
1  Sts.,  is  large  and 
)««  ($2.60  a  day),  in 
e  (12.50  a  day),  in 
day),  cor.  6th  and 
en  Main  and  Syca- 
Good  hotels  on  the 
I  KeppUr'i  Hotel,  in 
ay). 

,  in  4th  8t.  between 
ace  Sts. ;  SehmidVt, 
ffunfi,  in  Vine  St. 

t  the  cor.  of  Central 
ag  at  the  cor.  of  4th 
IS,  etc.  The  Eureka 
en  City  Cluh,  organ- 
aud  Elm  Sts.  Intro- 
bs. 

t  Dayton  S.  B.  is  a 
r  Sts,  The  Plum  St. 
t.  The  Little  Miami 
Ohio  <£  Mitsimpfi 
y  Central  Depot  is  in 

and  suburba,  andj^to 
n  all  the  depots  and 
siting  at  the  depots, 
'heir  legal  rates  are : 
e  persons,  60c.  each  ; 
50  for  each  additional 
Did  imposition  a  bar- 
!« to  Covington  from 
rom  foot  of  Lawrence 

h  contains  nearly  all 
r  its  splendid  row  of 
•d  St.,  between  Main 
:es.  FMrtk  St  is  the 
a  is  lined  with  hand- 


OINOINNATI. 


108 


some  bnildingH.  In  Pike  St.,  in  4th  St.,  fi-om  Pike  to  Broadway,  and  in'  ISrcAdway, 
between  8d  and  6tli  Sts.,  are  the  finest  residences  of  the  "  East  End ;  "  in  4th  St., 
W.  of  Smith,  in  Dayton  St.,  and  in  Court  St.,  between  Freeman  and  Bayniiller 
Sts.,  those  of  the  "  West  End."  The  portion  of  Freeman  St.  lying  along  the  Lin- 
coln Park,  is  a  favorite  proinenade.  Pike  St.,  from  8d  to  6th,  along  tiie  old 
Longworth  homestead,  is  known  as  the  "Loverx'  Walk."  Along  Front  St.,  nt  the 
foot  of  Main,  lies  the  Puhlie  Landing,  an  open  area,  paved  with  bowlders,  1,000  ft. 
long  and  426  ft.  wide.  There  are  many  beautiful  drives  in  the  vicinity.  One  of 
the  most  attractive  is  that  from  the  Brighton  House,  cor.  Central  Ave.  and  Free- 
man St.,  to  Spring  Grove  Cemetery,  and  thence  around  Clifton  and  Avondale,  re- 
turning to  the  city  by  way  of  Mount  Auburn.  This  drive  affords  fine  views  of  the 
city  and  surrounding  country. 

PiMIe  uii  ProalMit  BiUdlip. — The  U.  S.  Government  building,  containing  the 
Po»t-Qffioe  and  Cuitom-ffouie,  stands  at  the  cor.  of  4th  and  Vine  Sts.,  in  the  centra 
of  the  city.  It  is  of  sawed  freestone,  in  the  Roman  Corinthian  style,  with  a  porch 
in  4th  St.,  supported  by  6  columns.  A  new  government  building  for  the  Cnstom- 
llonse,  Post-Offlce,  and  Court- House,  is  being  erected  op  the  square  bounded  by 
Main  and  Walnut  and  5th  and  6th  Sts.  It  will  be  864  ft.  long  by  164  deep,  4  stories 
high,  of  granite,  in  the  Renaissance  style.  When  finished  it  will  be  the  finest  build- 
ing in  the  city.  The  Cauty  CMrUilaue  is  a  large  and  imposing  structure  of  Dayton 
stone,  in  the  Roman-Corinthian  style,  in  Main  St.,  near  Court  St.  The  front  has  a 
porch  with  6  Corinthian  columns.  With  the  County  Jail  in  its  rear,  it  occupies  an 
entire  square.  The  City  Buildings  occupy  the  entire  square  on  Plum  St.,  between 
8th  and  9th.  They  are  large  and  handsome,  and  are  set  ofif  by  a  trim  little  park, 
with  a  fountain  in  the  centre.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  in  4th  St.,  between 
Main  and  Walnut.  The  hall  affords  standing-room  for  26,000  people,  and  is  a  point 
of  attraction  every  business-day  from  11  a.  m.  to  1  p.  m.  The  rooms  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  are  in  Pike's  elegant  building  in  4th  St.,  between  Vine  and  Walnut.  The 
Maswk  Tmple,  cor.  8d  and  Walnut  Sts.,  is  an  imposing  freestone  structure  in  the 
Byzantine  style,  196  by  100  ft.,  with  2  towers  140  ft.  and  a  spire  180  ft.  high.  The 
interior  is  elaborately  ornamented.  Vi8it«)rs  admitted  at  10  a.  m.  daily.  Odd-Fel- 
lowt'  Hall  is  a  spacious  and  handsomely-furnished  building,  cor.  4th  and  Home  Sts. 
Fine  blocks  of  commercial  buildings  mny  be  found  in  Pearl,  Third,  Fourth,  Main, 
Walnnt,  and  Vine  Sts.  The  Expoiition  Buildings,  in  Elm  St.,  fronting  Washing- 
ton Park,  cover  8i  acres  of  ground,  and  have  7  acres'  space  for  exhibiting.  The 
Exposition  opens  annually  during  the  first  week  in  September,  and  closes  the  first 
week  in  October,  and  is  always  largely  attended  (admission,  26c. ;  children,  16c.). 

Theatres  aid  Flams  af  ABUOMst. — Pike's  Opera-House,  in  4th  St.,  between  Vine 
and  Walnut,  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  structures  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  of  fine  sandstone,  in  the  Elizabethan  style,  and  the  interior  is  elabo- 
rately painted  and  frescoed.  The  Grand  Opera-House,  cor.  Vine  and  Longworth 
Sts.,  is  the  old  Mozart  Hall,  remodeled  and  fitted  up  as  a  regnlar  theatre.  It  will 
seat  2,000  persons.  Wood's  TTuatre,  cor.  Vine  and  6th  Sts.,  is  devoted  to  the  legiti- 
mate drama.  At  Rohinton's  Opera-House,  cor.  9th  and  Plum  Sts.,  German  opera 
and  drama  are  given,  varied  by  an  occasional  concert.  The  National  Theatre  (Va- 
rieties) is  in  Sycamore  St.,  between  8d  and  4th.-  Concerts  and  lectures  are  given 
at  Hopkins's  Music  Hall,  cor.  4th  and  Elm  Sts. ;  at  Melodeon  Hall,  cor.  4th  and 
Walnut  Sts. ;  at  College  Hall,  in  College  Building,  in  Walnnt  St.,  near  4th ;  and  at 
Greenwood  Hall,  in  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  cor.  6th  and  Vine  Sts.  The  large 
German  halls  "  over  the  Rhine  "  are  noticed  further  on.  The  Gymnasium,  in  4th 
St.,  between  Race  and  Vine,  is  one  of  the  most  perfect  in  the  country  (open  from 
8  A.  M.  to  10  p.  M.).  The  Floating  Bath  is  moored  at  the  foot  of  Broadway  (single 
bath,  15c.). 

Uferartcs,  Art^Ulerlcs,  «tt. — The  Public  Library  building,  in  Vine  St.,  between 
6th  and  7th,  is  one  of  the  finest  and  largest  in  the  city.  It  is  of  stone  and  brick, 
in  the  Romanesque  style,  is  fire-proof,  and  will  afford  shelf-room  Tor  800,000  vol- 
umes. The  library  now  contains  72,000  volumes  and  a  well-supplied  reading-room 
(open  from  8  a.  h.  to  10  p.  m.).    The  Young  Men's  Mercantile  Library  is  in  the 


104 


HAND-BOOK  OK  AMERICAN   t'ITIE8. 


i«eoond  story  of  the  (Joll^<>  Biiil(lin)rH,  in  Walnut  St.,  between  4tii  and  fith,  and  oon- 
taing  87,000  votnmef*.  The  Lau  Library,  in  tlie  Court-Hontte,  Iirh  7,600  volninen. 
The  MtehanM  fnttitutu  Library  has  0,6O()  voliinieH  and  a  reading-ruom.  The  Phil- 
otophieal  and  Jlittoriral  Society,  in  ColloKO  Building,  liau  4,1500  bound  vohimoH 
ana  12,0(N)  pampldets  and  unbonnd  volumes.  There  is  no  public  art-gallery  in  Cin- 
cinnati, but  the  private  collcotionH  are  numerous  and  valuable,  eHpecially  tboHo  of 
Henry  ProboMco,  on  Clifton  Ileiglitfi,  and  Jogepli  Longworth,  on  Walnut  JIUIr. 
V'iaitorc  are  always  politely  received. 

The  most  notable  work  of  art  in  Cincinnati  is  the  Tykr^DavMsM  FmiUIi,  in 

«th  8t..  between  Vine  md  Walnut. 
It  stands  on  a  iVeestone  esplanade, 
400  ft.  long  and  60  ft.  wide.  In  the 
centre  of  o  porphyry-rimmed  basin 
40  tl.  in  diameter  is  the  quatrefoil 
Saxon  pori)hyry  base  supporting 
the  bropze-work,  whose  base  is  12 
ft.  w]uare  and  6  ft.  high,  with  in- 
fant tignres  at  each  comer  repre- 
!«enting  the  delights  of  children  in 
water.  Jass-relief  figures  around 
the  bnite  represent  the  various  uses 
uf  water  to  mankind.  From  the  up 
per  part  of  the  bronze  base  extend 
4  greiit  basins,  and  from  the  centre 
rises  a  column,  up  whose  sides  vines 
asceiul  and  branch  at  the  top  in  pbliu- 
like  frondoge.  Around  this  column 
are  groups  of  statuary ;  and  on  its 
summit  stands  a  gigantic  female  fig- 
ure, with  outstretched  arms,  the  wa- 
ter raining  down  in  fine  spray  from 
her  fingers.  The  work  was  cast  in 
Munich,  and  cost  nearly  $200,000. 
It  plnys  during  wann  days  from 
morning  till  tnidnight. 


Tyler-navidsou  Fountain. 


Chirchcs.— The  finest  church  edifice  in  the  city  is  St.  Peter's  Cathedral  (Roman 
Catholic),  in  Plum  St.,  between  7th  and  8tli.  It  is  of  Dayton  limestone,  in  pure 
Grecian  style,  200  by  80  ft.,  with  a  stone  s|)ire  224  ft.  high,  and  a  portico  supported 
by  10  sandstone  columns.  The  altar,  of  Carrara  marble,  was  made  in  (Tcnoa ;  and 
the  altar-piece,  "  St.  Peter  Delivered,"  by  Murillo,  is  one  of  the  chief  glories  of  art 
in  America.  St,  Xavier  Church  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Sycamore  St.,  between  6th 
and  7th,  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  pointed  Gothic  style,  with  a  spire  860  ft.  high. 
St.  PauVs  (Episcopal),  in  4th  St.,  between  Main  and  Walnut,  is  a  quaint  structure 
in  the  Norman-Gothic  style,  and  has  fine  music.  St.  John'B  (Episcopal),  cor.  7th 
and  Plum  Sts.,  is  of  stone  and  stuccoed  brick,  in  the  Norman  style,  notable  for  its 
square  towers,  rough  asbhr  gable,  and  deep  and  lofty  Norman  door.  Stt  Pail's 
(Methodist),  cor.  7tli  and  Smith  Sts.,  of  blue  limestone,  in  cruciform  style,  has  a 
fine  interior  and  a  spire  200  ft.  high.  The  First  Pretbyterian,  in  4th  St.,  between 
Main  and  Walnut,  is  noted  for  its  huge  tower  surmounted  by  a  spire  270  ft.  high, 
terminating  in  a  gilded  hand,  the  finger  pointing  upward.  The  BaptUt  Church,  in 
9th  St.,  between  Vine  and  Race,  is  a  handsome  building  with  massive  clock-tower. 
The  BHrtt  Congregational,  cor.  Plum  and  8th  Sts.,  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  and 
lighted  from  the  roof.  Some  of  the  German  churches  "  over  the  Rhine  "  are  very 
large,  and  the  mujio  excellent.  The  Hckrew  SyiagigM,  in  Plum  St.,  opposite  the 
Oathedral.  is  of  brick,  profusely  ornamented  with  stone,  in  the  Moorish  style,  and 
has  one  of  the  most  brdliant  interiors  in  the  city.  The  Hebrno  Temple,  cor.  8th 
and  Mound  Sts.,  is  in  the  Gothic  style,  with  double  spires,  and  the  interior  is  gor- 
geously frescoed. 


a  I 
ter 


CINCINNATI. 


105 


uml  0th,  and  oon- 
afl  7,6()0  volumeii. 
ruom.  The  Phil- 
)0  bound  vohimoM 
art-gallery  in  Cin- 
Hpecially  those  of 
on   Walnut  Jlilli. 

itIAmm  FMitato,  in 

Vine   ind  Walnut. 

eefttone  esplanade, 

10  ft.  wide.     In  the 

hyry-ritnmed  basin 

is  tbe  quatrefoil 

base    supporting 

whose  base  is  12 

ft.  high,  with  in- 

snch  corner  repre- 

(hts  uf  children  in 

lief  figures  around 

nt  tlie  various  uses 

[ind.    From  the  up 

l)ronze  base  extend 

nd  from  the  centre 

|)  whose  sides  vines 

ii  at  the  top  in  pbhii- 

A  round  thU  column 

batuary ;    and  on  its 

gigantic  female  fig- 

?tched  arms,  the  wa- 

ti  in  fine  spray  from 

10  work  was  cart  in 

)8t  nearly  l|20(),000. 

g  warm    days   from 

Inight. 

er's  Cathcdnl  (Roman 
n  limestone,  in  pure 
[1  a  portico  supported 
mailo  in  Genoa ;  and 
10  chief  glories  of  art 
ore  St.,  between  6th 
a  spire  850  ft.  high, 
is  a  quaint  structure 
(Episcopal),  cor.  7th 
style,  notable  for  its 
man  door.  St.  Pail's 
ruoiform  style,  has  a 
I,  in  4th  St.,  between 
a  spire  270  ft.  high, 
e  Baptist  Church,  in 
massive  clock-tower, 
mted  by  a  dome  and 
the  Rhine  "  are  very 
'lum  St.,  opposite  the 
lie  Moorish  style,  and 
brew  Temple,  cor.  8th 
id  the  interior  is  gor- 


Eiimttoul  u4  ClMrttaM«>  l(4ltatl«H.— The  Unitertity  of  Cincinnati,  founded  and 
endowed  by  the  late  Charles  McMicken,  has  an  imposing  new  building  at  the  cor. 
(if  Hamilton  Road  and  Elm  Ht.  Conrected  with  the  University  are  the  School  qf 
Dengn  and  the  Law  School,  both  of  yhicii  are  in  the  C<oliege  KniMing,  in  Walnut 
St.,  between  4th  and  5th.  8t  Xarter's  <MI(fC»  (•iesuit),  cor.  Sycamore  and  7th 
HtH.,  is  a  splendid  building  in  the  Romanesque  style,  of  brick,  profusely  omamente<l 
with  stone.  The  college  possesses  a  library  of  12,000  volumes,  valual>le  chemical 
and  philosopliical  apparatUH,  a  museum,  and  a  large  mineraloglcal  and  geological 
(collection.  The  WetUyan  Female  College  is  a  prosperous  institution,  with  a  spa- 
(tious  and  handHome  l)uilding  in  Wesley  Ave.,  between  Court  and  Clark  Bts.  The 
Seminary  of  Mount  St.  MuryU  is  a  fuinous  Roman  Catholic  college,  beautifully 
situated  on  Western  Hills,  which  command  extensive  views.  Lane  Theological 
Seminary  (Presltyterian)  is  situated  on  E.  Walnut  Hills,  and  possesses  a  library  of 
12,000  volumes.  The  Medical  College  of  Ohio  is  one  of  the  most  famous  in  the 
West,  and  has  a  very  fine  building  in  6th  St.,  between  Vine  and  Race,  "ihe  Mi- 
ami Medical  College,  in  12th  St.,  near  *'  e  Hospital,  is  another  famous  institution. 
Tiie  Chiekering  Clatiieal  and  Se>mt{).  Inetitute,  in  George  St,  between  Smith 
and  John,  is  the  largest  private  school  for  boys  in  the  West.  The  Hughei  High- 
School,  in  5th  St.,  at  the  head  of  Mound,  is  an  imposing  edifice  in  the  Gothic  style, 
with  octagon  towers  at  the  corners.  The  Woodward  High-School  is  an  elegant 
l)uilding  in  Franklin  St.,  between  Sycamore  and  Broadway.  The  Mechaniet'  Ineti- 
tute  is  a  commodious  building,  cor.  0th  and  Vine  Sts. 

In  12th  St.,  between  Central  Ave.  and  Plum  St.,  occupying  a  square  of  4  acres, 
tttands  the  CtarliMtl  HMiiltal,  said  to  be  the  largest  and  best- appointed  institution  of 
its  kind  in  the  country.  It  (consists  of  eight  distinct  buildingn  arranged  en  iehelon 
round  a  central  court,  and  connected  by  corridors.  The  central  building,  through 
which  is  the  main  entrance,  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  and  spire  110  ft.  high.  The 
Oood  Samaritan  Hotpital  is  a  fifie,  large,  red-brick  building,  situated  on  a  grassy 
liill  at  the  cpr.  of  6th  and  Locke  Sts.  JSlt.  Mary'i  Hotpital,  in  Retts  St.,  near  Free- 
man, is  also  a  fine  and  spacious  building.  The  LMgTicw  Aiylia  f«r  tlM  Imie,  at  Car- 
thage, 10  m.  N.  of  the  city,  is  of  brick,  in  the  Italian  etyie,  612  ft.  long  and  8  and  4 
biories  high.  Its  grounds  are  laid  out  in  beautiful  lawns,  walks,  and  parks,  with 
greenhouses.  There  are  no  bars  to  the  windows,  and  everything  prison-like  is 
avoided.  The  House  of  Befuge  is  situated  in  Mill  Creek  Valley.  1  m.  N.  of  the 
city  limits.  The  buildings  are  of  blue  limestone  trimmed  with  white  Dayton 
stone,  and  are  surrounded  with  6  acres  of  ground.  The  City  Workhouse  is  near 
the  House  of  Refuge.  The  main  building  is  610  ft.  long,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
imposing  edifices  about  the  city.  The  Cincinnati  Orphan  Asylum  is  a  spacious 
brick  edifice  at  Mount  Auburn,  comprising  ample  grounds  which  command  exten- 
sive views.  There  are  numerous  other  charitable  institutions  which  we  have  not 
space  to  mention. 

Parks,  PiMIc  Sqaares,  u4  Ccacterlts. — The  chief  public  park  is  Edei  Park,  situated 
on  a  hill  in  the  eastern  district,  and  commanding  magnificent  views  of  the  city,  the 
valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  surrounding  country.  It  contains  216  acres,  beautifully 
laid  out  and  adorned ;  and  in  it  are  the  two  now  city  reservoirs,  which  look  like 
natural  lakes.  Burnett  Woods,  on  a  hill  N.  of  the  city,  contains  170  acres,  nearlv 
all  forest.  Lincoln  Park,  in  Freeman  St.,  between  Betts  and  Hopkins,  contains 
only  18  acres,  but  it  is  admirably  adorned  and  finely  shaded.  Washington  Park, 
one  of  the  oldest  pleasure-grounds  in  the  city,  formerly  a  cemetery,  is  in  12th  St., 
between  Race  St.  and  the  Miami  Canal.  It  comprises  10  acres.  Hopkins's  Park  is 
u  small  lawn  with  shrubbery  on  Mount  Auburn,  N.  of  the  city.  Sprlag  Grove  £(■«• 
tery.  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  West,  lies  8  in.  N.  W.  of  the  ciiy,  in  the  valley 
of  Mill  Creek,  and  is  approached  by  an  attractive  avenue  100  ft.  wide.  It  contains 
600  acres,  well  wooded  and  picturesquely  laid  out,  and  many  fine  monuments.  Tlio 
entrance-buildings  are  in  the  Norman-Gothic  style,  and  cost  $60,000.  The  chief 
attractions  are  the  Dexter  mausoleum,  representing  a  Gothic  chapel,  and  a  bronze 
statue  of  a  soldier,  cast  in  Munich,  erected  in  1864  to  the  memory  of  the  Ohio  vol- 
unteers who  died  during  the  war. 


106 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN   OITIEH. 


■iMellaMcu  PUrm  cf  litcrciii— More  than  a  third  of  the  retiidonta  of  (!inoinnati 
are  Gerinanfl  or  of  OurinaD  imrontuge.  Thuy  occupy  the  large  seotion  of  the  oitv 
N.  of  the  Miami  ('unul,  whicii  tliuy  have  named  "  the  Hhino."  The  visitor  flnda 
himielf  in  an  entirely  different  country  " over  the  Rhine"  for  he  hea/H  no  language 
bnt  German,  and  nil  the  Mignw  and  placardH  are  in  (ierman.  The  busineHH,  dwelling*, 
theatren,  IihIIh,  chiirchut*,  and  eHi>eciRlly  the  hoer-gardenit,  all  remind  the  Euronean 
tourist  of  Germany.  Sti-angerH  Hhould  viHit  the  (ireat  Arbeiter  and  Turner  llalltt, 
in  Walnut  Ht.,  Wielurt'.i  saloon  and  garden,  in  Vine  Ht.,  and  Homo  one  of  tiie  vaHt 
beer-cellnrH,  which  can  be  found  almoHt  anywhere  "  over  the  Rhine."  The  Hm^mHm- 
PrMge  over  the  Ohio,  conne<rting  the  city  with  Covington,  Ky.,  Ih  the  p  'i<le  of  (Jln- 
cinnati.  From  towir  to  tower  it  in  l.OQT  ft.  long;  the  entire  length  Ih  2,262  ft.,  and 
its  height  above  the  water  KiO  tl.  There  is  another  handsome  suspension-bridge 
over  tlie  Licking  Kiver,  connecting  the  cities  of  Covington  and  Newport.  Ky  tak- 
ing the  horse-carit  at  Front  St.,  in  an  hour's  ride  one  may  cross  Iwth  these  bridges, 
and  return  to  the  Htarting-point,  having  been  in  two  Htates  and  three  cities  and 
having  crossed  two  navigalilu  rivers.  A  handsome  railroad-bridge  is  thrown  acrosa 
the  Ohio,  just  above  the  Huspension- Bridge.  The  Water  -  Work*,  in  E.  Front  St.,  near 
the  Little  Miand  Depot,  are  of  great  magnitude,  and  well  worth  a  visit.  There  are 
4  puraping-engines  with  a  (capacity  of  nearly  80,000,000  gallons  a  day.     LongwortK't 


•  Hiippeni'lon-Brtdg*. 

Wine- Cellar,  at  the  E.  end  of  flth  St.,  is  one  of  the  attractions  of  the  city  ;  it  is  vast 
in  dimensions,  and  contains  immense  quantities  of  wine.  A°  visit  to  one  of  the  nu- 
merous Pork-paeking  Home*  will  repay  the  tourist ;  and  no  one  should  miss  the 
views  of  the  city  from  Price''*  Hill  (take  omnibus  from  Post-Offlce),  and  from 
Lookout  Hou*e,  Mouut  Auburn  (reached  by  horse-oars  from  oor.  of  Main  and  6th 
Sts.). 


0IM02NNATI  TO  JMVTSVILLB. 

The  journey  from  Cincinnati  to  Louisville  may  be  made  via  the  Loui»ville  (6 
Cincinnati  Short-Line  N.  R.  (110  m.  long),  which  runs  through  a  fertile  and  pleas- 
antly-undulating country,  but  offers  no  strikingly  picturesque  or  noteworthy  features. 
By  far  the  pleasantest  way,  however,  in  summer,  is  to  take  a  steamer  down  the 
Ohio,  of  which  there  arc  two  or  three  daily.  The  distance  is  132  m.,  and  while  the 
scenery  is  not  so  impressive  as  that  on  the  upper  portions  of  the  river,  it  is  both 
varied  and  attractive.  Tlie  view  from  the  steamer  on  leaving  Cincinnati  is  remark- 
ably fine.  On  the  one  hand  is  the  densely-populated  city,  its  rows  of  massive  build- 
ings rising  tier  above  tier  toward  the  hill-tops,  which,  crowned  with  villas  and  vine- 
yards, form  a  semicircular  background.  On  the  opposite  bank  rise  the  beautiful 
Kentucky  hills,  their  summits  still  crowned  by  the  earthworks  raised  during  the 
days  of  Cincinnati's  threatened  danger  in  the  civil  war;  while  at  their  feet  nestle 
the  twin  cities  of  Covington  and  Newport.  There  are  few  towns  of  importance  on 
the  Ohio  between  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and  they  are  separated  by  long  stretches 
of  virgin  woodland  and  plain.  North  Bend  (17  m.)  was  the  residence  of  William 
Henry  Harrison,  President  of  the  United  States,  and  his  tomb,  a  modest  brick 


I 


nUof  ClnoinnBti 

lotion  of  tho  oily 

Tho  viaitor  tindi 

lea/H  no  language 

uiiineHH,  dwellinK*t 

ind  tliu  Euroiiean 

ind  Turner  llallM, 

u  one  of  tiie  TBNt 

Tho  HwiMWtM- 

tlie  p:ido  of  Cln- 

th  in  2,252  ft.,  and 

BUHpeudiun-bridge 

fowport.     By  tak- 

)oth  these  bridgea, 

three  cities  and 

is  thrown  aoruM 

£.  Front  Bt.,  near 

a  visit.     There  are 

day.     LonginortK't 


f  tho  city  ;  it  is  rast 
lit  to  one  of  the  na- 
me should  miss  the 
it-Offioe),  and  from 
)r.  of  Main  and  6th 


m  ttio  Louuville  S 
1  a  fertile  and  ploas- 
loteworthy  features. 
I  steamer  down  the 
12  m.,  and  while  the 
the  river,  it  is  both 
incinnati  is  remark- 
ws  of  massive  build- 
ir'ith  villas  nnd  vine- 
Ic  rise  the  beautiful 
8  raised  during  the 
I  at  their  feet  nestle 
IB  of  importance  on 
;ed  by  long  stretches 
jsidence  of  William 
nb,  a  modest  brick 


LUUIHVILLB. 


107 


Mtnictare  upon  a  beautiful  knoll,  Ib  vitlble  for  several  niileii,  both  up  and  down  the 
river.  Thu  Great  Miami  River  (21  m.)  is  the  boundary  between  Oliio  and  Indiana. 
lMwrene«burg  (28  m.)  and  Aurora  (27  m.)  are  Hourishing  towns  in  Intllana,  which 
do  a  large  shipping  businvss.  liig-Iione  Lirk  (46  in.)  is  in  Boone  County,  Ky.,  and 
ilt'iivex  Its  nnino  from  the  fact  that  l-ones  of  the  mastmlon  nnd  tho  arctic  elephant 
were  formerly  found  scattered  all  over  the  surface  of  thu  ground  in  the  neiglibor- 
IkhmI.  Oarrollton  (75  m.)  stands  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  Kivor,  a  navigable 
stream  about  200  in.  lung,  noted  for  its  wild  nnd  picturesipio  scenery.  Madimm 
(H7  m.)  is  one  of  the  ,  incipal  cities  in  Indiana,  is  honutil'iilly  situated  and  well  built, 
and  makes  a  handsome  show  from  the  river.  Tho  approach  to  LonNville  is  line, 
atfording  a  really  imnosing  view  of  the  city,  and  of  .fott'ersonville  on  the  opposite 
bank.  The  river  is  hero  about  1  m.  wi<le,  nnd  is  crossed  by  one  of  the  tine^t  bridgea 
in  the  United  Htates,  giving  unbroken  connection  between  tho  railway  systomB  of 
the  Northern  and  Southern  Htates. 


LOmSVILLB. 


LOUIHVILLE,  tho  chief  city  of  Kentucky,  nnd  one  of  tho  most  important  in  the 
country,  is  situated  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  Benr-Urass  Greek  entera 
that  river.  lU  site  is  one  of  peculiar  excellence.  The  hills  which  line  the  river 
through  the  greater  part  of  its  course  recede  Just  above  the  city,  and  do  not  ap- 
proach it  again  for  more  than  20  in.,  leaving  an  almost  level  plain  about  6  in.  widfe, 
and  elevated  nbout  70  ft.  above  low-water  mark.  The  Falls,  which  are  quite  pict- 
uresque, may  be  soon  from  the  town.  In  high  stages  of  tho  water  thev  disappear 
almost  entirely,  and  stoainbonts  pass  over  them ;  but  when  the  water  ib  low,  the 
whole  width  of  the  river  has  the  appearance  of  a  great  many  broken  casoades  of 
foam,  making  their  way  over  the  rapids.  To  obviate  the  obstruction  to  navigation 
caused  by  the  falls,  a  canal,  2^  m.  lon^t,  has  been  out  around  them,  to  a  place  called 
Mhippingport.  It  was  a  work  of  vast  labor,  being  for  the  greater  part  of  its  course 
cut  ttirough  the  solid  rock,  and  cost  nearly  11,000,000.  The  city  extends  about  8 
m.  along  the  river  and  about  4  m.  inland,  embracing  an  area  of  18  sq.  m.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  with  wide,  well-paved  streets,  and  large  squares,  which  are  bisected 
each  way  by  paved  alloys,  20  11.  wide.  The  beauty  of  the  residences  is  a  notable 
feature  of  the  city ;  most  of  them  are  set  back  from  the  street,  leaving  lawns  in  tVont, 
which  are  planted  with  flowers  and  shrubbery,  and  the  streets  are  lined  with  shade- 
trees.  The  business  portion  is  compactly  built,  and  contains  many  fine  edifioes. 
Main,  Market,  Jefferion,  and  Oreen,  are  the  principal  streets  in  this  section. 

The  flrst  settlement  of  Louisville  was  made  by  18  families,  who  accompanied 
Colonel  George  Rogers  Clarke  on  his  expedition  down  the  Ohio  in  1778.  The  situa- 
tion was  so  exposed  to  Indian  attacks  that  the  settlers  flrst  established  themselves 
on  Corn  Island,  an  island  nt  the  head  of  the  falls,  near  the  Kentucky  shore,  which 
has  since  disappeared.  <  a  the  reception  of  the  news  of  the  capture  of  Vincennes 
by  Colonel  Clarke's  forces,  the  colony  removed  to  the  mainland  and  built  a  station. 
The  town  was  established  in  1780,  and  culled  Louisville,  in  honor  of  Louis  XVI.  of 
France,  whose  troops  wore  then  aiding  the  Americans  in  their  struggle  for  inde- 
pendence. It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1828,  whon  its  population  was  about 
10,000.  In  1860  the  population  had  increased  to  48,194 ;  in  1860  to  68,083 ;  and  in 
1870  to  100,768.  Tho  trade  of  Louisville  is  immense,  amounting  in  1875  to  upward 
of  $250,000,000.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  leaf-tobacco  markets  in  the  world,  the 
sales  of  this  one  article  amounting  to  over  $6,000,000  annually.  The  trade  in  pro- 
visions aggregates  from  1111,000,000  to  $16,000,000  annually ;  and  the  city  is  rapidly 
becoming  one  of  the  most  important  markets  for  live-stock  in  the  country.  Pork- 
packing  is  extensively  carried  on,  and  the  sugar-curing  of  hams  is  a  special  feature 
of  tho  business.  The  annual  product  of  iron  foots  up  $6,000,000.  Louisville  is  the 
great  distributing  market  for  the  flne  whiskeys  made  by  the  Kentucky  distilleries. 
The  manufacture  of  beer  has  also  become  a  very  important  interest.  Leather,  ce- 
ment, agricultural  implements,  furniture,  and  iron  pipes  for  water  and  gas  mains, 
are  the  other  leading  manufactures. 


rmrSirilStfe- 


lOH 


IIAND-BUOK     >r  AMKKICAN   CITIRH. 


I 


-Tilt)  (Jiilt  J/oiiMf  ($iM  a  ilnj),  ■  iiiMNivu  ntniiu  Mtriictiiru  in  the  KdkHkIi 
itt,ylu,  )iu  loiiK  l»>«<n  fli)lu)irHtt><l  hm  one  of  the  bent  hoteU  in  the  United  Htaton.  Tlie 
htui»rUU  lloUl  (||I4  ii  dny),  in  Main  Ht.,  t*  a  <-onun<Mll<>UM  and  wtdl  kept  iiniiRe.  Tlie 
Xntinnitl  iind  I'nitfit  .Stutr*  llottU  are  centruliy  located.  Tliere  are  leveral  aeonnd 
and  tiiird  rate  li(iiim>M  (^ImrifinK  from  |2  to  fit  a  dry. 

lleiMta,  IVrrlM,  imI  Ji«4eit  tf  iMV^'airf. — The  depot  ot'tlic  Loumillti  tf  (Hitt-inntiti 
Hhort-lAne  Ii.  Ii.  U  a  upaeionn  Htriutiire  in  Jett'erMon  Ht.,  Itetween  liruolcii  and  Floyd. 
That  of  (he  l.ouitrillr  if  N<»hrille  R.  R.  iit  at  the  corner  of  Itroadway  and  lOth  Mt. 
Of  Ferrit*  t^iere  are  two  fo  JotTerHonvlile,  one  from  foot  ot  Flmt  Ht.  and  the  other 
fynm  foot  of  ( 'lay  Ht ;  and  one  t<<  New  Alliany  fmin  f(M)t  of  (iravler  Ht.,  at  W,  end  «>f 
the  city.  The  honu'-far *yvti*sm  in  excellent,  and  att'nrdH  eawy  aceeiM  to  all  parta  of 
the  city  (fare  Ao.).  Carritiaen  are  in  waiting;  at  tlie  dvpota  and  i«teanil)oat-landinf{M 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  notelit.  Their  (diarKea  are  regulated  l>y  law,  and  are  aH 
follows:  Per  conrne  within  the  city,  I  penton  78  ctn. ;  2  peraonn  |l ;  per  hour. 
$1.00  for.tlie  first  hour,  and  %\  for  eac!i  additional  hour. 

PiMIr  m4  Prtalafit  ■■IWaipi. — Tne  public  I)uildiii|i8  of  Louiitville  are  not  tine 
nrohite(^turally,  but  are  of  a  Holid  i  nd  lubHtantlnl  character.  The  i'eirt-Hnw,  in 
./eiferwtn  Ht.,  between  Rth  and  tlth,  U  a  large  granite  Rtructure,  with  Doric  portico 
ami  cohimnH,  and  oo«t  over  i|ll,(Ki(),()00.     The  (Ity-Hal  Ih  the  most  anibitioua  edifice 

in  the  city,  and  i» 
much  admired. 
It  \»  of  Htone,  in 
the  C'ompoHite 
style,  with  a 
aqaare  olo<<k- 
tower  at  one  oor- 
n  e  r ,  and  ooHt 
l|60(),0()0.  The 
Council -room  \» 
very  fine.  The 
Outfom-lIovH, 
which  altto  con- 
tain h  the  Poit- 
Office,  is  a  plain 
but  substantial 
l)uilding,  at  the 
corner  of  Greene 
and  ad  8ts.  The 
Mmonie  Tempi:, 
corner  4th  and 
(ireene  Hts.,  is  n 
handsome  struct- 
ure, with  tasteful 
interior  decora- 
tions. The  //  - 
duttrial  Expoti- 
tion  Building,  1(  -^ 
cated  8  ni.  £.  of 
the  city,  is  spa- 
cious and  graceful 

in  design,  and  in  snmmer,  when  the  Exhibition  is  in  progress,  presents  an  attractive  and 
characteristic  spectacle.  The  ..3w  building  of  the  Courier-Journal,  cor.  4th  and 
(ireene  Hts.,  is  by  far  the  handsomest  in  the  city,  and  is  one  of  the  most  completely 
appointed  newspaper  offices  in  America. 

Thratres  aa4  Pbwcsff  AHueaeit. — The  old  Louitnille  Theatre,  one  of  the  'Mnstitu- 
tions  "  of  tlie  city,  is  at  the  8.  E.  corner  of  4th  and  Greene  Sts.  Wood^t  Theatre, 
also  a  popular  place  of  resort,  is  at  the  corner  of  Jefferson  and  4th  Sts.  Temperance 
Ifall,  in  Market  Ht,,  is  used  for  concerts,  lectures,  fairs,  etc.    Liederhrant  Hall^ 


city-Hall. 


\ 


'  i  ii'«.  I.  uiwmummmmtiimKmtk 


LOUIMVILLC. 


109 


in  the  KnirlUli 
|to<l  HtAto*.  Tlit> 
ltt|>t  lioiiM.  Tilt* 
re  ■everal  Mvoond 

l7/(t  it  Cineinnttti 
JriMikit  and  Floyd, 
fway  iind  10th  Ht. 
^t.  and  thv  other 
Ht.,  ut  W  einl  of 
Imh  to  all  |>Hrta  of 
'■Ariihont-isiidinfrH 
law,  and  are  hh 
1 1 ;   |K>r  hour. 

ille  are  not  tino 
le  ('•■rt-Hraw,  in 
Mth  Doric  portico 
anihitiouaedltii'o 
in  the  city,  and  Ih 
uuich  admired. 
It  \»  of  Htone,  in 
the  (y'onipoHite 
M  t  y  I  e ,  with  a 
H(|nare  olo4'k- 
tfiwer  at  one  oor- 
n i< r ,  an d  ooHt 
$fllO(>,0(»0.  The 
Council  -  room  \« 
very  fine.  The 
('u$tom-lIov»e, 
widrh  altto  con- 
tain h  the  Po»t- 
Ojfiee,  \h  a  plain 
but  Hubatuntial 
buildinfir,  nt  the 
corner  of  Ureeno 
and  8d  8t8.  The 
Matonif  Tempi:, 
corner  4th  anci 
(ireene  Sts.,  ig  n 
handiionie  struct- 
iiru,  with  tasteful 
interior  decora- 
tions. The  7/  - 
diutrial  Erpo»i- 
tion  Building,  h  » 
cated  8  m.  £.  of 
the  city,  is  spa- 
cious and  graceful 
ts  an  attractive  and 
mal,  cor,  4th  ond 
e  most  completely 

De  of  the  "institu- 

Wood't  Theatre, 

8ts.     Temperance 

Liederhrant  Hally 


>v " 


iB'««l1U!liOBJ|i;U'.,S')'' 


lor  muaical  enteKalnnienta,  U  a  new  and  elegant  huihlinr  Kim-Tree  (Jarden  \u 
I.  popular  Huburbnn  place  of  resort  at  the  VV .  end,  on  the  river  at  the  foot  of 
HrldKu  Ht. 

fiiarrbf*. — Tliere  are  9A  churches  in  I.oiiUvillo,  of  which  the  most  noteworthy 
are  tlie  Catheilral  (Komsn  Catholic),  In  Market  Ht.,  cor.  of  nth,  a  large  and  omatu 
Htrncture,  with  lofty  clock-tower  and  spire;  Ht.  /Viur*  (Kpiscopal),  at  the  intersec- 
ti<m  of  Walnut  and  flth  Hts. ;  and  the  Firit  Pretliyterinn  Church,  opposite.  The 
AVr«(  lUijitiit  Church  is  also  an  itnp<mtii|{  cdiflce. 

UknriM,  Mitatleul  ai4  CkarUaMt  iMtllaUeM.  rtf.— The  new  Public  Liltrary  at 
present  occupies  a  sn>nll  building,  hut  as  soon  as  tne  drawinxs  tor  the  lottery-s<'heuie, 
authorize<l  by  the  H'.;t„  for  its  hcnetit,  are  completed,  a  new  and  handsome  structure 
i>«  to  be  erected  for  it.  The  library  numbers  IU),0(U)  volumes,  and  connected  with  it 
\*  a  museum  and  natural-history  <lepartment,  with  1(M),(HH)  specimens.  Louisville 
being  tlie  centre  of  one  of  the  tlnest  fossiliferous  regions  In  the  worhl,  there  are 
numerous  private  collections,  containing  many  excellent  specimens  elsewhere  rare. 
The  library  of  the  llittmieul  Society  contains  many  rare  and  valuable  works  re- 
lating to  the  Muttlemont  and  early  history  of  Kentucky.  Tlio  Louiirille  Library 
Auociation  has  a  library  of  (t, OCX)  volumes,  and  a  well-supplied  reading-room.  The 
Louinille  Unitertitv  Medical  College  is  a  Hoiirishing  institution,  and  has  one  ^f  tlie 
finest  buildings  in  tiie  city,  at  the  cqrner  of  t)th  and  Chestnut  Hts.  llie  Lovimilh 
Medical  College  is  another  prosiierous  institution  of  learning,  located  in  (Jreen  8t., 
at  the  comer  of  nt!i.  The  two  Iliah- School* (nmlo  and  female)  are  large  and  handsome 
brick  structures.  The  Colored  Normal  i-'chool,  dedicated  in  1878,  is  probably  the 
tlnest  public-school  edifice  designed  for  the  instruction  of  negroes  in  the  country. 

The  State  MM  ili|lia,  at^oining  the  Mc<iical  College  in  Chestnut  8t.,  is  a  massive 
and  impuding  structure,  one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  Southwest.  Tlie  Alm§' 
houie  is  a  largo  building  in  the  midst  of  ample  grounds  near  the  W.  limits  of  the  city 
(reached  by  Park  8t.).  Tlie  United  Statei  Marine  Howp'tal  is  a  plain  but  spaoioua 
edifice  in  I'rcston  8t.,  between  Madison  and  Chestnut.  Other  important  charitable 
institutions  are  the  Ilouie  of  Kifuge  for  Boyi,  the  Uome  of  R^uge  for  (Jirlt,  the 
City  I/otpitai,  the  Ervptiie  Jloipital,  and  tlie  St.  Vinsent  Orphan  Atylum  (Ro- 
man Catholic),  in  Jefferson  St.,  near  Wenzell. 

Sabarfefb — Strangers  shoidd  visit  Care  Hill  Cemetery,  if  for  nothing  else,  to  see 
the  monument  of  George  I).  Prentice,  the  ]ioet,  Journalist,  ond  politician,  who  lies 
there  beside  his  son,  Courtland  Prentice,  who  was  killed  during  the  war  while  fight- 
ing on  the  Confederate  side.  The  monument  consists  of  a  (Irecian  canopy,  of  mar- 
ble, resting  on  four  columns,  with  an  urn  in  the  centre,  and  on  the  top  a  lyra  with 
It  broken  string.  The  cemetery  is  situated  Just  E.  of  the  city  limits,  and  contains 
other  noteworthy  monuments.  Portland  is  a  pretty  village  on  the  river  at  the  foot 
of  the  falls,  8  m.  below  Louisville.  Silver  Creek,  i  m.  below  the  city,  on  the  Indi- 
ana side,  is  n  beautiful  rocky  stream,  and  a  favorite  fishing  and  picnic  place  for  the 
citizens.  It  is  reached  by  ferry  from  Portland.  lIarrod''i  Creek,  8  ni.  un  the  Ohio, 
affords  a  pleasant  excursion.  The  Lexington  and  Bardetown  turnpikes  afford  enjoy- 
able drives  throupli  apictiircfquc  and  well-cultivated  country.     The  road  along  the 


■mm  "m  m  ,■  ,■  P  ,.  t 


^ii.=.a^ 


Vlsdnct-BrldKe  St  LoDlsvUle.         ,    .,_  .„ 

borders  of  Bear  Grass  Greek,  in  the  direction  of  Lexington,  is  especially  atfnictive. 
The  fiue  forest  vegetation,  the  park-like  groves,  the  hemp-fields,  and  the  blue-gras» 
pastures,  all  help  to  beguile  the  eye  in  the  Louisville  drives  and  rambles.  Jefferton- 
tille,  a  flourishing  town  on  the  Indiana  shore,  opposite  Louisville,  and  connected 


'''^^^!r»^SuS!^S!^S!XS!i^S^!!l^ij!SSSi>^ 


ifri^»«5ti. 


110 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


with  it  by  ferry  and  bridge,  is  situated  on  an  elevation  from  which  i  fine  view  of 
Louisville  may  be  obtained.  The  bridge  across  the  Ohio  at  this  point  is  6,219  ft. 
long,  divided  into  26  spans,  supported  by  24  stone  piers,  and  coat  $2,016,819.  New 
.Utaay,  opposite  the  W.  end  of  Louisville,  is  a  finely-situated  and  handsomely-built 
city  of  nearly  26,000  inhabitants,  with  wide  and  delightfully-shaded  streets,  floe 
churches  and  public  buildings,  and  elegant  private  residences.  "  From  the  hills 
back  of  New  Albany,"  says  Mr.  Edward  King,  "  one  may  look  down  on  the  huge 
extent  of  Louisville,  half-hidden  beneath  the  foliage  which  surrounds  so  many  of  its 
houses ;  can  note  the  steamers  slowly  winding  about  the  benas  in  the  Ohio,  or 
carefully  working  their  way  up  to  the  broad  levees ;  can  see  the  trains  c  rawling  like 
serpents  over  the  high  suspended  bridge,  and  the  church  spires  and  towers  gleam- 
ing under  the  mellow  sunlight." 


OHIOAGK)  TO  ST.  LOXHS. 

{Via  OMeago  A  Alton  R.  S.  Distance,  982  m.  Time,  11  lirs.) 
From  Chicago  (described  on  p.  89)  this  road  runs  S.  W.  through  the  rich  prairie- 
landii  of  Central  Illinois,  which  roll  off  in  gentle  undulations  as  far  as  the  eye  can 
reach  on  either  hand.  The  villages  along  the  line  are  prosperous  little  places,  but 
possess  no  general  interest.  The  scenery  is  monotonous,  and,  since  the  country  has 
become  thickly  settled,  has  lost  the  distinctive  prairie  character  which  is  now  only 
seen  to  perfection  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  and  on  t\w  plains  beyond  the  Missouri. 
Joliet  (37  m.)  is  a  prosperous  and  handsomely-built  town  on  the  Des  Moines  River, 
the  site  of  the  State  Penitentiary,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  United  States, 
and  of  extensive  quarries  of  a  "gray  limestone,  much  used  for  building-purposes 
throughout  the  Northwest.  Bloomington  (126  m.)  is  one  of  the  principal  cities  of 
the  State,  an  important  railway  centre,  and  the  seat  of  large  shipping  and  manu- 
facturing interests.  The  city  contains  about  15,000  inhabitants,  and  some  fine 
churches,  public  buildings,  etc.  SpriagSeld  (185  m.),  the  capital  of  the  State,  is  a 
large  and  handsome  city  on  the  edge  of  a  beautiful  prairie.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
the  streets  are  broad,  and  the  houses  well  built.  The  new  State  Capitol,  which 
occupies  a  s(iuare  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  is  considered  a  model  of  architectural 
beauty ;  and  the  Custom-IIouse,  Court-House,  and  State  Arsenal,  are  fine  buildings. 
In  Ridge  Cemetery,  2  m.  N.  of  the  city,  stands  the  noble  monument  erected  by  the 
Lincoln  Monument  Association  to  the  memory  of  President  Lincoln.  Alton  (257 
m.)  stands  upon  a  high  limestone-bluff,  overlooking  the  Mississippi  River.  It  is  a 
flourishing  city  of  10,000  inhabitants,  and  contains,  among  other  handsome  build- 
ings, a  large  Roman  Catholic  cathedral.  East  St.  Louis  (281  m.)  is  on  the  river 
opposite  St.  Louis,  and  in  entering  the  city  the  train  crosses  the  magnificent  bridge, 
which  will  be  described  farther  on,  and  passes  through  a  tunnel  4,194  ft.  long. 


1 


I 


ST.  i.onis. 

(Besides  the  foreeiolns  roate,  St.  Lonis  may  be  readied  from  OincinnatI  via  the  Ohio  A  .\fUHstiigtl  S. 
R.  L840  m.] ;  or  bjr  steamer  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  The  latter  is  a  plcnt>ant  route  In 
suromer.  St.  Louis  is  reached  from  Louisville  via  LouttvlUe  lira ich  of  the  preceding  road  [894 
m.] ;  or  by  steamer  down  the  Ohio  to  Cairo,  and  thence  by  St.  Louit  A  Cairo  S.  B. ;  or  by  steam- 
er all  the  vray  on  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  Prom  New  York  there  are  two  "  tbroogh  routes  " 
to  St.  LduIs.  The  first  is  via  "  Pan-hancUe  Roate  "  [Pennsylvunia  Central  and  connecting  rail- 
ways], which  has  already  been  described  as  far  as  Plqtia,  Ohio  [««<  p.  88]  ;  total  distance,  1,0M  m. ; 
time,  43  hrs.  ;  tare,  $37.  The  second  I*  vhi  Eiie  and  Lake  Shore  BMwayt  to  Cleveland  [already  de- 
scribed on  p.  83],  and  thence  via  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  IndianapolU  S.  B.  and  IndtanapoU*  A 
SI  LoaU  R.  B.  Total  distance,  l,!?)!  m.  ;  time,  about  46  hrs. ;  fare,  $37.  From  Baltimore,  via 
BiUimore  A  Ohio,  Marietta  A  Cincinnati,  and  Ohio  A  MUHssippi  Ballwayt;  distance,  978  m. ; 
time,  44  hrs. ;  fare,  $33.)  ) 

ST.  LOUIS  is  situated  geographically  almost  in  the  centre  of  the  great  valley  of 
the  Mississippi,  or  basin  of  the  continent,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  Riv- 
er, 20  m,  below  the  entrance  of  the  Missouri  about  176  m.  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio,  and  1,170  in.  above  New  Orieans,  in  Ir.t.  88°  37'  N.  and  Ion.  90°  16'  W.  The 
city  is  perolied  high  above  the  surface  of  the  river.     It  is  built  on  three  terraces, 


■  '■■"■.'■•,'- 


m  i  .(mllw  MIlrtlWiM'Lia'IWliKU. 


ST.  LOUIS. 


Ill 


|oh  t  floe  view  of 

point  is  6,219  ft. 

$2,016,819.    New 

handHomely-built 

faded  streets,  fine 

"From  the  liills 

^own  on  the  huge 

ids  so  many  of  its 

18  in  the  Ohio,  or 

rains  c  rawling  like 

Ind  towers  gleam- 


;h  the  rich  prairie- 
far  as  the  eye  can 
s  little  places,  but 
ice  the  country  has 
which  is  now  only 
>'ond  the  Missouri. 
Des  Moines  River, 
the  United  States, 
■  building-purposes 
principal  cities  of 
lipping  and  manu- 
nts,  and  some  fine 
Ll  of  the  State,  is  a 
Is  regularly  laid  out, 
ktate  Capitol,  which 
Idel  of  aichitectural 
!l,  are  fine  buildings, 
ment  erected  by  the 
incoln.    Alton  (257 
lippi  River.     It  is  a 
er  handsome  build- 
m.)  is  on  the  river 
magnificent  bridge, 
1  4,194  ft.  long. 


le  Ohio  <t  VitHgtippl  a. 
ir  is  a  plouBant  roate  In 
the  preceding  road  [394 
tiro  S.  S.  ;  or  by  atesm- 
two  "  tbroagh  roatea  " 
ral  and  connecting  rail- 
total  distance,  1,0M  m. ; 
to  Cleveland  [already  de- 
.  S.  and  ItmanapoUt  A 
I.  From  Baltimore,  via 
nayt :  distance,  978  m. ; 

the  great  valley  of 
the  Mississippi  Riv- 
e  the  mouth  of  the 
in.  90°  15'  W.  The 
t  on  three  terraces. 


: 


tlie  first  rising  gently  from  the  river-bank  for  about  1  m.  to  I7th  St.,  where  the  ele- 
vation is  150  tt.  above  the  stream.  The  ground  then  gently  declines,  rises  in  a  sec- 
ond terrace  to  25th  St.,  again  falls,  and  subsequently  rises  in  a  third  terrace  to  a 
height  of  200  ft.  at  C6te  Brillante  or  Wilson's  llill,  4  m.  W.  of  the  river.  The  sur- 
face here  spreads  out  into  a  broad  and  beautiful  plain.  The  corporate  limits  ex- 
tend 11  m.  along  the  river  and  about  8  m.  back  from  it,  embracing  an  area  of  nearly 
21  sq.  m.  The  densely-bnilt  portion  is  comprised  in  a  district  of  about  6  m.  along 
the  river  and  2  m.  in  width.  The  city  is,  for  the  most  part,  regularly  laid  out,  the 
streets  near  the  river  running  parallel  with  its  curve,  while  farther  back  they  are 
generally  at  right  angles  with  those  rnnning  W.  from  the  river-bank.  It  is  remark- 
ably well  built,  stone  and  brick  being  the  chief  materials  used,  and  the  architecture 
being  more  substantial  than  showy. 

In  1762  a  grant  was  made  by  the  Governor-General  of  Louisiana,  then  a  French 
province,  to  Pierre  Liguest  Laclede  and  his  partners,  comprising  the  "  Louisiana 
Fur  Company,"  to  establish  trading-posts  on  the  Mississippi ;  and  on  February  16, 
176'4,  the  principal  one  was  established  where  the  city  now  stands,  and  named  St. 
Louis.  In  1803  all  the  territory  then  known  as  Louisiana  was  ceded  to  the  United 
States.  In  1812  that  portion  lying  N.  of  the  88d  degree  of  latitude  was  organized 
as  Missouri  Territory.  In  1822  St.  Louis  was  incorporated  as  a  city.  The  first 
census  was  taken  in  1764,  and  the  population  was  then  120.  In  1811  it  was  only 
1,400 ;  in  1850  it  had  increased  to  74,489 ;  in  1860  to  160,778 ;  and  in  1870  to  810,- 
864.  In  1875  the  local  authorities  estimated  it  at  490,000,  which  would  make  St. 
Louis  the  third  city  in  the  United  States  in  population.  As  the  natural  commercial 
entrepot  of  the  vast  Mississippi  Valley,  the  commerce  of  St.  Louis  is  immense ;  the 
chief  articles  of  receipt  and  shipment  being  breadstufis,  live-stock,  provisions,  cot- 
ton, lead  (from  the  Missouri  mines),  hay,  salt,  wool,  hides  and  pelts,  lumber,  to- 
bacco, and  groceries.  There  are,  including  those  in  East  St.  Louis,  6  grain  elevat- 
ors and  warehouses,  5  establishments  for  storing  and  compressing  cotton,  and  2 
stock-yards.  In  1874  the  receipts  of  grain  amounted  to  80,678,504  bushels,  and  the 
shipments  to  24,417,411  bushels.  St.  Louis  is  the  first  city  of  the  Union  in  the 
manufacture  of  flour.  There  were  24  mills  in  operation  in  1874,  which  produced 
1,573,202  barrels.  The  number  of  hogs  packed  during  the  season  of  1873-74  was 
463,793.  Vast  as  are  its  commercial  interests,  however,  the  prosperity  of  the  city  is 
chiefly  due  to  its  manufactures,  in  which  it  is  surpassed  only  by  New  York  and 
Philadelphia.  The  number  of  establishments  in  the  county  (mostly  within  the  city 
limits)  in  1870  was  4,679,  employing  40,856  hands,  and  turning  out  products  valued, 
in  1874,  at  nearly  $240,000,000. 

Httelg,  RcstaiTBHlB,  aid  QaWk — The  Southern  Hotel  ($4.60  a  day),  which  occupies 
the  square  bounded  by  Walnut  and  Elm  and  4th  and  dth  Sts.,  if  the  largest  and 
flnest  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  It  is  built  of  Athens  stone,  closely  resembling  mar- 
ble, in  the  Anglo-Italian  style,  and  is  six  stories  h  th.  The  Planters'  Hotel  is  a  very 
large  and  flne  hotel,  occupying  the  entire  block  in  4th  St.  between  Pine  and  Chestnut. 
The  Lindell  House  is  a  new,  elegant,  and  sumptuously-furnished  hotel.  Barnum't 
Hotel  is  a  large  brick  building  at  the  cor.  of  Walnut  and  2d  Sts.,  near  the  river.  The 
Laclede  Hotel  is  a  well-kept  house  centrally  located  at  the  cor.  of  5th  and  Chestnut 
Sts.  Other  good  houses,  on  a  smaller  scale,  are  the  Everett  Hoitse,  St.  Ificholat, 
Olive  St.  Hotel,  and  Broadway  Hotel,  The  Grand  Central  in  Pine  St.,  between  4tb 
and  6th,  is  on  the  European  plan  (rooms  $1  a  day). 

The  most  popular  restaurant  in  the  city  for  ladies  and  gentlemen  is  FreneVe,  ai 
the  cor.  of  6th  and  Pitie  Sts.,  or  No.  201  N.  5th  St.  Poreher\  900  Olive  St.,  is 
famous  for  its  dinners  and  suppers  and  for  the  excellence  of  its  wines.  There  is  an 
excellent  restaurant  in  connection  with  the  Southern  Hotel,  No.  107  S.  4th  St. 
Other  good  restaurants  are  Sincler  &  Beer''»,  No.  910  Olive  St.;  Game's,  cor.  9th 
and  Olive  Sts. ;  Cafferetta,  No.  101  N.  12th  St. ;  Lamon  Peeotte,  No.  200  N.  5th 
St. ;  Nicholas  Gantine,  No.  408  Washington  Ave. ;  and  the  Hotel-  Garni  Restaurant, 
cor.  4th  and  Elm  Sts.  The  cookery  and  service  of  many  of  these  restaurants  are 
in  genuine  French  style. 

The  Germania  Club  has  a  fine  building  at  the  cor.  of  8th  and  Gratiot  Sts.,  with 


':mi»MMm^^i&imMk^:ss^: 


112 


HAND-BOGK  OF  AMERICAK  CITIES. 


Hrst-oluBB  "estaurant,  billiard-rooiiitt  and  roonis  for  other  games,  and  a  spaoioas  ball- 
room. The  University  Club  has  a  large  and  elegantly-furnished  building.  The 
privileges  of  either  of  these  may  be  obtaine<l  on  introduction  by  a  member.  There 
are  other  club-houses  of  less  note. 

Ballna4  Depato. — The  depot  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  Citj  &  Northern  R.  R.  is  at 
the  foot  of  Biddle  St.,  12  blocks  N.  of  Market  St.  The  depot  of  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific, of  tiie  Atlantic  &  Pacific,  and  of  the  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroads,  is  at  the 
cor.  of  Poplar  and  7th  Sts.,  6  blocks  8.  of  Market  St.  The  depot  of  the  Iron 
Mountain  R.  R.  is  at  the  foot  of  Plum  St.,  7  blocks  below  Market.  All  roads  en- 
tering the  city  from  the  N.  and  E.,  over  the  bridge,  use  the  depot  ai  11th  and 
Poplar  Sts.  Near  here  a  new  Union  Depot  on  an  immense  scale  is  being  con- 
structed. 

Modes  tf  CMTCjraMC. — Home-ear^  t— verse  the  city  in  every  direction  and  render 
all  parts  easily  accessible  (fare  7c. ;  5  tickets  for  26c.).  The  cars  on  4th  and  6th 
Sts.  run  nearly  the  entire  length  of  the  city  from  N.  to  8. ;  those  on  Market,  Pine, 
Olive,  Locust,  Washington  Ave.  and  Fronklin  Ave.,  run  E.  and  W.  Carriage»  are 
in  waiting  at  the  depots  and  steamboat-landings,  and  at  stands  in  different  parts  of 
the  city.  The  rates  established  by  law  are:  For  conveying  1  or  more  persons  a 
distance  of  1  m.  or  less,  |1 ;  more  than  1  m.  and  less  than  2  m.,  |1.50,  and  60c.  for 
euch  atlditional  mile.  By  the  hour,  $2  for  the  first  hour,  and  |1.60  for  each  addi- 
tional hour.  In  case  of  dis- 
agreement as  to  distance  or 
fare,  call  a  policeman,  or 
complain  at  the  City  Ilall. 
Ferriet  to  East  St.  Louis 
from  foot  of  Spruce  St.  and 
from  foot  of  Gary  St. 

StTMto  u4  DrlTca.— From 
the  I<evee,  or  river-front,  the 
streets  running  N.  and  S.  are 
ninnbercd  consecutively,  be- 
pnning  with  Main  or  Ist 
St.,  2d  St.,  8d  St.,  etc.  The 
notable  exceptions  to  this 
are  Oarondelet  Ave.,  which 
is  a  continuation  of  4th  and 
5th  Sts.  southward ;  Broad- 
way, a  continuation  of  the 
same  Sts.  northward ;  and 
Jefferson  Ave.,  correspond- 
ing in  part  with  29tli  St. 
Streets  running  E.  and  W. 
are  named  arbitrarily  or 
from  some  historical  asso- 
ciation. The  honses  are 
numbered  on  the  "  Philadel- 
phia system  "  (tee  Philadkl- 
phia),  all  streets  running 
parallel  to  the  river  being 
numbered  N.  and  S.  from 
Market  St. ;  while  on  all 
streets  running  E.  and  W. 
the  numbering  begins  at  the 
Levee.    Front  St.,  which  is 

100  ft.  wide,  extends  along 
C«iirt-Hoa.e.  j^^   j^y^g     ^„q   jg  ^^jn  „p 

with  massive  stone  warehouses.    This  street,  with  Main  and  Second,  is  the  location 
of  the  principal  wholesalie  trade.    FMrth  8t>  is  the  fashionable  promenade,  and 


■.'■S-'JW«w»ii.w 


a  spaoioao  ball- 
building.     The 
I  iiiember.    There 

thern  R.  K.  is  at 
Jtho  MiHsourl  Pa- 
lilroads,  is  at  the 
lepot  of  the  Iron 
>t.  All  roads  en- 
lepot  a:  11th  and 
tale  is  being  con- 

[ection  and  render 
on  4th  and  5th 
on  Market,  Pine, 
Carriages  are 

different  parts  of 
more  persons  a 

!1.60,  and  50c.  for 

50  for  each  addi- 

ir.    In  case  of  dis- 

t  as  to  distance  or 
a  policeman,   or 

at  the  City  Hall. 
East  St.  Lonis 

of  Spruce  St.  and 

of  Gary  St. 

ami  DrlTM.— From 
S  or  river-front,  the 
nning  N.  and  S.  are 
1  consecutively,  be- 
with  Main  or  1st 
t.,  8d  St.,  etc.  The 
excep^tions  to  this 
ndelet  Ave.,  which 
iniintion  of  4th  and 
loutliward;  Broad- 
ontinuation  of  the 
9.  northward ;   and 

Ave.,  corrcspond- 
lart  with  29tli  St. 
nnning  E.  and  W. 
led  arbitrarily  or 
ue  historical  asso- 

The  houses  are 
i  on  the  "  Philadel- 
em  "  (tee  Philadbl- 
1  streets  running 
o  the  river  being 
i  N.  and  S.  from 
St. ;  while  on  all 
nnning  E.  and  W. 
)ering  begins  at  the 
Front  St.,  which  is 
ide,  extends  along 
9,  and  is  built  up 
9nd,  is  the  location 
e  promenade,  and 


CT;  LOUIP. 


113 


contains  the  leading  retail  store£>.  Grand  Are.  is  12  m.  long,  running  parallel  with 
the  river  on  the  W.  boundary  of  the  city.  Waihington  Are.  is  oTie  of  the  widest 
and  handsomest  in  the  city.  The  finest  residences  are  on  Lwas  Flaw,  in  Pine,  Olive, 
and  Loeutt  Stt.,  in  Wathinffttm  Ave.  W.  of  27th  St.,  and  in  Chouteau  Ave.  The 
favorite  drives  are  through  the  parks  and  boulevards,  to  be  described  Airther  on. 

PaMte  ud  Prwitanit  Bilkilig;. — The  iinest  public  building  in  the  city,  and  one  of 
the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States,  is  the  VtmlMMm,  occupying  the  square 
bounded  by  4th,  5th,  Chestnut,  and  Market  Sts.  It  is  built  of  Genevieve  limestone, 
in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  with  a  lofty  iron  dome  surmounting  its  centre,  and 
cost  $1,200,000.  The  fronts  are  adorned  with  beautiful  porticoes,  and  iVoni  the 
cupola  of  the  dome  (which  is  accessible  to  all)  there  is  a  fine  view  of  the  city  and 
its  surroundings.  The  City-Hall,  cor.  Market  and  10th  Sts.,  is  a  plain  brick  struct- 
ure occupying  half  a  square.  The  Fmf  CmtIs  is  a  spacious  and  elegant  limestone 
building,  in  Clark  Ave.  between  11th  and  12tli  Sts.,  recently  finished  at  a  cost  of 
$1,000,000.  in  the  rear  is  an  iron  jail,  semicircular  in  form,  and  so  constructed 
that  all  the  cells  are  under  the  observation  of  a  single  watchman  at  once.  (Strangers 
admitted  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays,  from  8  to  9  a.  m.,  and  8  to  4  p.  m.) 
The  Cvttom- House,  which  also  contains  the  Post- Office,  is  a  large  and  substantial 
edifice  of  Missouri  marble,  at  the  cor.  of  8d  and  Olive  Sts.  A  new  Custom-Honse 
and  Post-Office  is  in  course  of  construction  at  the  cor.  of  Olive  and  8th  Sts.  It  will 
occupy  an  entire  block,  will  be  of  Maine  granite  with  rose-colored  granite  trim- 
mings, will  be  three  stories  high,  with  a  French  roof  and  Louvre  dome,  and  is  esti- 
mated to  cost  $5,000,000.  The  II.  S.  Arsenal,  situated  in  the  extreme  S.  limits  o! 
the  city,  immediately  on  the  river,  is  a  beautiful  spot  (reached  by  5th  St.  cars). 
The  Merehants''  Exchange,  in  Main  St.  between  Market  and  Walnut,  is  the  great 
commercial  marti  of  the  citv.  The  main  hall,  or  "  Exchange,"  is  a  fine  room  102 
by  81  ft.    The  '  ^^.^    ,_.^ 

sessions  of  the 
Exchange  are 
fr<.  ru  11  A.  M. 
tu  1  p.  M. 
Strangers  are 
admitted  to 
the  floor  on  in- 
troduction by 
a  member;  the 
galleries  are 
free  to  all. 
A  new  and 
magnificent 
Exchange  is 
being  erected 
in  8d  St.  be- 
tween Pine 
and  Chestnut. . 
It  is  of  gray' 
limestone,  and ' 
will  cost  $1,- 
000,000.  The  | 
HasMic  TcaHtt 
cor.  Market 
and  7th  Sts.,  is 
a  very  fine  edi-  ^he  "  Four  Court.." 

fioe,  with  richly-decorated  int^.ior.  The  new  St.  LmIr  Ufe^lmmn  BiMtag,  cor. 
6th  and  Locust  Sts.,  is  the  most  ornate  and  showy  in  the  city.  It  is  of  rose-colored 
granite,  in  the'lienaissance  style,  four  stories  high,  with  a  massive  cornice  on  the 
roof  upon  which  are  mythological  figures  in  stone.  From  the  roof  (reached  by 
elevator)  a  fine  view  is  obtained.     The  Republican  Building,  cor.  8d  and  Chestnut, 


;rs,"^,! 


114 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


is  one  of  the  most  complete  and  elegant  newspaper  offices  in  the  world.  The  Union 
Market  occupies  the  square  bounded  by  5th,  6th,  Greene,  and  Morgan  Hts.,  and  is 
well  worth  a  visit.  So  is  the  St.  Louu  Elevator,  on  the  Levee  at  the  foot  of 
Ashley  St.  It  has  a  capacity  of  2,000,000  bushels,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  country.     The  Ijetee  should  also  be  visited. 

Theatres  aid  Places  tf  !■■««■«■(• — The  leading  theatre  is  De  Bar't  Opera-Hov»e, 
in  Pine  St.  between  3d  and  4th  ;  but  there  is  no  well-organized  theatrical  company 
in  the  city.  The  Olympic  Theatre,  in  5th  between  Walnut  and  Elm  Sts.,  has  a  fine 
auditorium.  The  Apollo  Gardens  is  a  German  theatre  at  the  cor.  of  4th  and  Poplar 
Hts.,  where  the  new  and  old  operas  may  be  heard  throughout  the  season.  The 
singing  is  usually  very  good,  and  between  the  acts  the  audience  refreshes  itself  with 
beer  and  soda-water.  The  Varieties  Theatre,  in  Market  St.  between  5th  and  6th, 
is  a  favorite  resort  for  gentlemen.  There  are  numerous  German  beer-gardens,  at 
the  more  aristocratic  of  wliicli,  such  as  Uhrig's  and  Sehneider^s,  really  fine  music 
may  be  heard.  Ladies  and  gentlemen  resort  to  the  gardens  just  as  do  the  citizens 
of  Berlin  and  Dresden. 

Ubnri«s  Art^iallerltti,  etc — The  Mercantile  Library  is  a  large  and  handsome  brick 
building  at  the  cor.  of  5th  and  Locust  Sts.  The  library  and  reading-room  are  in  the 
2d  story,  and  both  are  free  to  strangers  (open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.).  The  library 
numbers  48,000  volumes,  and  the  hall  contains  paintings,  coins,  and  statuary,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  Miss  Hosmer's  life-size  statues  of  Beatrice  Oenci  and 
(Enone ;  a  bronze  copy  of  the  Venus  de  Medicis ;  marble  busts  of  Thomas  H.  Benton 
and  Robert  Burns ;  and  a  sculptured  slab  from  the  ruins  of  Nineveh.  The  reading- 
room  is  elegantly  fitted  up  and  well  supplied  with  newspapers  and  magazines.  The 
Public-Sehool  Library  is  on  the  2d  floor  of  the  Polytechnic  Building,  cor.  Ghestnnt 
and  7th  Sts.  It  contains  88,000  volumes  and  a  good  reading-room,  both  of  which 
are  open  to  the  public  (from  10  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.).  St.  John's  Circulating  Library 
numbers  27,000  volumes,  and  the  Law  Library,  in  the  Gourt-Honse,  7,100.  The 
Academy  of  Science,  founded  in  1856,  has  a  large  musenm  and  a  library  of  8,000 
volumes.  The  Missouri  Historical  Society,  founded  in  1865,  has  a  large  historical 
collection.    Both  the  preceding  have  rooms  in  the  Polytechnic  Building  (8d  floor). 

ChiitlMSi — The  most  imposing  church  edifice  in  the  city  is  Ckrlst  ^vdi  (Epis- 
oopal),  cor.  18th  and  Locust  Sts.  It  is  of  stone,  in  cathedral-Gothic  style,  with 
stained-glass  windows  and  lofty  nave.  The*  Cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Walnut 
St.  between  2d  and  8d,  is  an  elegant  edifice,  with  a,  front- of  polished  freestone, 
ornamented  by  a  Doric  portico.  It  is  surmounted  by  a  lofty  spire  in  which  is  a 
fine  chime  of  bells.  The  Church  of  the  Messiah  (Unitarian),  cor.  Olive  and  9th  Sts., 
is  a  fine  Gothic  structure;  and  the  Second  Presbyterian,  cor.  17th  St.  and  Lucas 
Place,  is  another  noble  specimen  of  the  Gothic  style.  St.  George's  (Episcopal),  cor. 
Loonst  and  7th  Sts.,  is  an  elegant  building.  The  First  PrcshylnlaB,  cor.  14tn  St.  and 
Lucas  Place,  is  a  large  and  costly  structure  in  the  English-Gothic  style,  with  richly- 
deoorated  interior,  and  a  peculiarly  graceful  and  elegant  spire.  The  Union  Church 
(Methodist),  oor.  11th  and  Locust  Sts.,  is  a  good  model  of  an  old  Lombard  church, 
believed  to  be  the  only  structure  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  The  Baptist  Church, 
cor.  6th  and  Locust  Sts.,  is  a  brick  structure  of  handsome  design.  The  following 
are  also  notably  fine  buildings :  the  Congregational  Church,  in  Locust  St.  between 
10th  and  11th  Sts. ;  the  Lutheran  Church,  cor.  8th  and  Walnnt  Sts. ;  and  the  Pres- 
byterian Churches,  cor.  11th  and  Pine,  and  16th  and  Walnnt  Sts.  The  Jewish 
Tmple,  cor.  16th  aci  Pine  Sts.,  is  one  of  the  finest  ecclesiastical  structures  in 
the  city. 

EdicttlMul  «Ml  Charitable  lutitatlwi.— The  St.  Louis  University  (Jesuit),  cor.  9th 
St.  and  Washington  Ave.,  is  the  oldest  educational  institution  in  St.  Louis,  having 
been  founded  in  1829.  It  has  a  valuable  mug<>um,  very  complete  philosophical  and 
chemical  apparatus,  and  a  library  of  17,000  volumes,  among  which  are  some  rare 
specimens  of  early  printing.  In  1874-'75  it  had  22  instructors  and  858  students. 
WashligtaB  I'alverslty  is  a  large  and  substantial  building,  cor.  Pine  and  16th  Sts. 
The  university  was  organized  in  1858,  and  is  intended  to  embrace  the  whole  range 
of  university  studies,  except  theological.    Connected  with  it  are  the  Mary  Institute, 


|orld.   The  Union 
}rgan  Hts.,  aud  is 
at  the  foot  of 
lof  the  largest  in 

ir'»  Opera-ffovae, 
leatrical  company 
fm  St8.,  liae  a  fine 
}f  4th  and  Poplar 

Ithe  season.  The 
freshes  itself  with 
|reen  5th  and  6th, 
beer-gardens,  at 
I  really  fine  miisio 

I  as  do  the  citizens 

handsome  brick 

g-room  are  in  the 

M.).    The  library 

d  statuary,  among 

eatrioe  Oenoi  and 

'homas  H.  Benton 

eh.    The  reading- 

1  magazines.    The 

ing,  cor.  Ghestnnt 

im,  both  of  which 

rculating  Library 

[ouse,  7,100.    The 

a  library  of  8,000 

a  large  historical 

uilding  (8d  floor). 

»irl8t  Chirch  (Epis- 

Grothio  style,  with 

Atholic),  in  Walnut 

polished  freestone, 

pire  in  which  is  a 

Olive  and  9th  Sts., 

7th  St.  and  Lucas 

'« (Episcopal),  cor. 

I,  cor.  14th  St.  and 

style,  with  richly- 

fhe  Union  Church 

Lombard  church, 

le  Baptist  Chureh, 

n.    The  following 

LiOCUBt  St.  between 

>t8. ;  and  the  Preg- 

Sts.    The  Jewtak 

tical  structures  in 

y  (Jesuit),  cor.  9th 
\  St.  Louis,  having 
philosophical  and 
ich  are  some  rare 
and  85S  students, 
'ine  and  16th  Sts. 
e  the  whole  range 
be  Mary  Institutey 


ST.  ijoma. 


115 


for  the  ednoation  of  women :  the  Polytechnic  School,  which  has  an  elegant  building 
at  the  cor.  of  Chestnut  and  7th  Sts. ;  and  the  St.  Louit  Late  School.  In  1674-'76 
there  were  68  instructors  connected  with  the  different  departments  and*  700  stu- 
dents. The  College  of  the  Chrittian  lirother*  (Roman  Catholic),  cor.  8th  and  Gra- 
tiot Sts.,  i»  a  flourishing  institution  with  about  400  students,  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Concordia  College  (Oennan  Lutheran)  was  established  in  1889,  and  has  a 
library  of  4,600  volumes.  The  public-school  system  of  St.  Louis  is  one  of  the  best 
in  the  country,  and  the  school-houses  are  exceptionally  fine.  The  High  School,  cor. 
16th  and  Olive  Sts.,  is  a  beautiful  building  in  the  castellated  Norman  style.  The 
Roman  Catholics  have  about  100  parochial,  private,  and  conventual  schools. 

The  Cfuty  Umm  Asylia,  on  the  Arsenal  road,  4^  m.  from  the  Gourt-House,  is 
an  immense  brick  and  stone  structure,  occupying  about  40  acres  of  ground,  beauti- 
folly  laid  out.  On  the  premises  is  an  artesian  well,  8,848  ft.  deep.  The  Asylum  n 
open  to  visitors  from  10  a.  m.  to  12  m.,  and  from  2  to  6  p.  m.  The  Poor-Ifotue  and 
the  Hotue  of  Induetry  are  just  beyond,  on  the  Arsenal  road,  and  are  spacious  brick 
buildings.  The  Workhouse  and  the  House  of  Refuge  are  4  m.  8.  of  the  Court- 
House  (reached,  within  ^  m.,  by  Garondelet  Ave.  cars).  The  City  Hotpital,  cor. 
Lafayette  Ave.  and  Linn  St.,  is  a  handsome  building,  situated  in  the  midst  of  pleas- 
ant grounds  (reached  by  4th  St.  cars ;  open  to  visitors  from  2  to  8  p.  h.).  The  St. 
Louis  Hospital,  cor.  Spruce  and  4th  Sts.,  is  conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity, 
and  accommodates  400  patients.  The  U,  S,  Marine  Hospital  is  in  Carondelet  Ave., 
8  m.  from  the  Court-House.  The  Content  qf  the  Good  Shepherd,  for  the  reforma- 
tion of  fallen  women,  is  at  the  cor.  of  Chestnut  and  7th  Sts.  The  Ifeqf  and  Dumb 
Asylum  (Roman  Catholic)  k  at  the  cor.  of  26th  St.  and  Christy  Ave.  St.  Louis  is 
famous  for  the  number  of  its  charitable  institutions,  of  which  we  have  found  sjtace 
to  enumerate  only  a  few. 

Parks,  Pleaswe-Ortuite,  mi  Ceactcrlcs. — The  public  squares  and  parks  embrace  in 
the  aggregate  about  2,000  acres.  The  most  beautiful  is  Lalkyette  Park,  which  em- 
braces about  80  acres  in  the  S.  portion  of  the  city  (reached  by  Chouteau  Ave.  oars 
running  on  4th  St.).  It  is  for  pedestrians  only,  is  admirably  laid  out  aqd  adorned, 
and  is  surrounded  by  elegant  residences.  In  it  are  a  bronze  statue  of  Senator  Benton, 
by  Harriet  Hosmer,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Washington.  Band  concerts  are  given 
here  on  Thursday  afternoons  in  summer.  Missouri  Park  ia  a  pretty  little  park  of  4 
acres,  at  the  foot  of  Lucas  Place,  the  6th  Avenue  of  St.  Louis.  In  the  centre  is  a 
handsome  fountain.  St.  Louit,  Place  and  Hyde  Parle,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city,  are 
attractive  places  of  resort,  the  former  containing  16  and  the  latter  12  acres. 
Washington  Square  (16  acres)  lies  on  12th  St.  and  Clarke  Ave.,  and  is  tasteAilly 
improved.  Northern  Park  (180  acres),  on  the  bluffs  in  the  N.  portion,  is  noted  for 
its  fine  trees.  Forest  Park  contains  1,860  acres,  and  lies  4  m.  W.  of  the  Court- 
Honse.  It  is  still  mostly  covered  with  primitive  trees,  and  the  Des  Peres  River 
meanders  through  it.  Lindell  Boulevard  (194  ft.  wide)  and  Forest  Park  Boulevard 
(160  ft.  wide)  extend  from  it  toward  the  heart  of  the  city.  Lindell  Park  (60  acres), 
on  the  line  of  Forest  Park  Boulevard,  is  tastefully  laid  out  and  filled  with' native 
forest-trees.  Tawcr  Grtvc  Park,  embracing  277  acres,  lies  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the 
city  (reached  by  Gravois  Railway  line,  from  4th  and  Pine  Sts.).  It  is  beantiAiIly 
laid  out,  with  green  lawns  and  shrubbery,  and  offers  the  pleasantest  drives^  of  any 
park  in  the  city. 

Adjoining  Tower  Grove  Park  is  Sbaw's  Gardra,  owned  by  Mr.  Henry  Shaw,  who 
has  opened  it  to  the  public,  and  intends  it  ae  a  gift  to  the  city.  The  garden  con- 
tains 109  acres,  and  is  divided  into  three  sections.  The  Herbaceous  and  Flower 
Garden,  embracing  10  acres,  contains  almost  every  flower  that  can  be  grown  in 
this  latitude;  and  there  are  several  greenhouses,  in  which  are  thousands  of  exotic 
and  tropical  plants.  In  the  Fruticetum,  comprising  6  acres,  are  fruits  of  all  kinds. 
The  Arboretum  is  26  acres  in  extent,  and  contains  all  kinds  of  ornamental  and 
fruit  trees  that  will  grow  in  this  climate.  The  Labyrinth  is  an  intricate,  hedge- 
bordered  pathway,  leading  to  a  summer-house  in  the  centre.  A  brick  building  near 
Mr.  Shaw's  residence  contains  a  museum  and  botanical  library.  On  Sundays  the 
garden  is  open  only  to  strangers,  who  may  prooore  tickets  at  the  leading  note'  <. 


r 


f 


Ni 


116 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


The  FalMlrtuds  of  the  St.  Louis  Agrioultaral  and  Mechanical  Association  embrace 
85  acres,  8  m.  N.  W.  from  the  Court- Flouse,  are  handsomely  laid  out  and  ornamented, 
and  contain  extensive  buildings.  The  Amphitheatre  will  seat  40,000  persons. 
"Fair-week,"  which  is  usually  the  first  week  in  October,  is  the  gala-season  in  St. 
Louis,  and  the  stranger  will  be  fortunate  if  he  happens  there  at  that  time.  The 
grounds  are  reached  by  cars  on  Franklin  Ave.  and  4th  St. 

BcllcflNitalir  Ceacterr,  the  most  beautiful  in  the  West,  is  situated  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  city,  about  4^  m.  from  the  Court-HouHO  (reached  by  5th  St.  oars).  It  embraces 
860  acres,  is  tastefully  decorated  with  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  contains  some  fine 
monuments.  Calvary  Cemetery  lies  a  short  distance  X.  of  Kellefontaine,  and  is  little 
inferior,  either  in  size  or  beauty. 

Tlie  Bridge  aid  the  Water-Werks.— The  great  bridge  across  the  Mississippi,  from  the 
foot  of  Washington  St.  to  a  corresponding  point  in  East  St.  Louis,  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  greatest  triumphs  of  American  engineering.  It  was  designed  by  James 
B.  Eods,  and  was  begun  in  1869  and  completed  in  1874.  It  consists  of  three  spans 
resting  on  four  piers.  The  piers  are  composed  of  granite  and  limestone,  and  rest 
on  the  bed-rock  of  the  river,  to  which  they  were  sunk  through  the  sand  from  90  to 
120  t\.  by  the  use  of  wronght-iron  caissons  and  atmospheric  pressure.  The  centre 
span  is  620  ft.  and  the  side  ones  are  each  600  ft.  in  the  olear ;  each  of  them  is  formed 
of  four  ribbed  arches,  made  of  cast-steel.  The  rise  of  the  arches  is  60  ft.,  suffi- 
ciently iiigli  to  permit  the  passage  of  steamboats  at  all  stages  of  the  water.  The 
bridge  is  built  in  two  stories ;  the  lower  one  containing  a  double  car-track  and  the 
upper  one  two  carriage- ways,  two  horse-car  tracks,  and  two  footways.  It  passes 
over  a  viaduct  of  five  arches  (27  ft.  span  each)  into  Washington  Ave.,  where  the 
lower  roadway  runs  into  a  tunnel  4,800  ft.  long,  ./hich  passes  under  a  large  part  of 
the  city,  terminatidg  near  11th  St.    The  total  cost  of  bridge  and  tunnel  was  over 


Arch'ul'St.  Loiila  Briclf(e. 

$10,000,000.  The  city  Water -Work*  are  situated  at  Bissell's  Point,  on  the  bank 
of  the  river,  8  J  m.  N.  of  the  Court-House  (reached  by  5th  St.  cars).  The  buildings 
are  substantial,  ond  the  two-pumping-engines,  each  with  a  capacity  of  17,000,000 
gallons  i\  day,  are  worth  seeing.     The  engine-rooms  are  open  to  visitors  at  all  times. 


OHIOAOO  TO  OMAHA. 

Tub  tourist  has  the  choice  of  three  routes  in  making  the  journey  from  Ghicago 
to  Omaha:  1,  via  the  Chicago  d  Northwettem  .R.  JR.  (492  m.);  2,  via  Chicago, 
Rock  Hand  &  Paeijie  R.  R.  (498  m.) ;  3,  via  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney  R.  S, 
(602  m.).  The  distance  by  all  is  about  the  same,  and  the  country  traversed  is  not 
materially  different.  Each  line  traverses,  for  the  larger  portion  of  the  way,  the 
great  prairie-region  of  the  West,  which  thirty  years  ago  was  almost  uninhabited,  save 
by  the  Indian  and  the  trapper,  but  now  teems  with  an  industrious  and  thriving 


i 


'^f!!g?Jg''8ig<MS3fti^i%W'ilSM3S^^ 


sooiation  embrace 
;  and  ornaraenteil, 

40,000  persons. 
B;ala-8ea8on  in  8t. 

that  time.    Tiie 

in  the  N.  part  of 
trs).  It  einbraoea 
jontains  some  fine 
itaine,  ami  is  little 

ississippi,  from  the 
lis,  JH  regarded  as 
lesigned  by  James 
ists  of  three  spans 
imestone,  and  rest 
sand  from  00  to 
sure.  Tlie  centre 
1  of  them  is  formed 
ibes  is  60  ft.,  suffi- 
f  the  water.  The 
oar-traok  and  the 
otways.  It  passes 
a  Ave.,  where  the 
der  a  large  part  of 
id  tunnel  was  over 


le 


OMAHA  TO  SAM   FRANCISCO. 


117 


Point,  on  the  bank 
Ts).  The  buildings 
acity  of  17,000,000 
i^isitors  at  all  times. 


irney  from  Ghioago 
1.);  2,  via  Chicago, 
U>n  S  Quiney  R.  R. 
ry  traversed  is  not 
>n  of  the  way,  the 
St  nninhabited,  save 
rions  and  thriving 


population.  Many  of  the  villages  and  cities  en  route  are  attructivc,  and  even  pict- 
uresque, but  few  have  anything  which  would  prove  interesting  to  the  tourist.  The 
most  important  places  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  R.  li.  are  Fulton  (186  ra.), 
the  last  station  in  Illinois,  and  the  point  where  a  splendid  iron  bridge,  4,100  ft. 
lung,  crosses  the  Mississippi  River;  Cedar  Rapuh  (219  m.),  an  important  railroad 
centre  in  Iowa;  and  Council  Jiliijpi  {488  m.),  on  the  Missouri  River,  op|)08ite  Omuha. 
The  approaches  to  Council  Hluffs  are  striking,  and  the  city  itseh'  is  picturesquely 
situated  at  the  foot  of  high  and  very  precipitous  bluffs.  The  principal  points  on  the 
Chicago,  Kock  Island  &  Pacific  R.  R.  are  Joliet  (40  in.),  which  has  already  been  de- 
scribed (nee  p.  110) ;  Ottawa  (84  m.),  a  fiourishing  city  of  8,000  inhabitants,  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Illinois  River;  Moline  (170  ni.),  which  possesses  the  most  ex- 
tensive water-power  in  the  Norlliwest;  Rock  Iilnnd  City  (182  in.),  from  which 
several  fine  bridges  spun  the  Mississi|>pi  River  to  the  island  of  Rock  Island,  an  im- 
portant United  States  military  station,  and  to  Davenport,  on  the  Iowa  side  of  the 
river,  the  largest  city  in  lowii ;  loifa  City  (237  m.),  beautifully  situated  on  the 
bluffs  of  the  Iowa  River;  ond  Dee  Moinen  (357  ni.),  the  ciipital  of  Iowa,  situated  at 
the  junction  of  the  Des  Moines  and  Raccoon  Rivers,  and  containing  a  fine  State- 
House  and  other  public  buildings,  and  a  i>opu]ation  of  about  16,000.  The  chief 
points  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney  route  are  Aurora  (88  m.),  a  flourishing 
manufacturing  town  on  the  Fox  River;  Galesburg  (1(!3  in.),  noted  as  the  seat  of 
several  colleges ;  and  Burlington  (207  m.),  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and,  next  to 
Davenport  and  Dubuipie,  the  largest  city  in  Iowa.  Oaalia  is  reached  from  Council 
Bluffs  by  the  magnificent  iron  bridge  across  the  Missouri  River,  which  cost  $1,000,- 
000,  and  affords  unbroken  railway  connection  from  ocean  to  ocean.  The  city  is 
finely  situated  on  an  elevated  plateau,  and  contains  many  handsome  buildings.  Its 
growth  has  been  unprecedentedly  rapid,  as  it  dates  from  1 867,  ond  in  1875  had  20,000 
inhabitants.    Fare  by  either  of  the  above  routes,  |16. 

OMAHA    TO  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

( Fto  Unlon^Paclflc  and  CentrallFRcific  RailwayH.    DlBtance,  1,914  m.    Time,  4ji  day*.    Fare$lCO.) 

'■  *Tnis  journey,  by  reason  of  its  great  length  and  the  time  which  it  takes,  will  be 
in  -nany  respects  a  new  experience  to  the  traveler,  no  matter  how  extended  his 
previous  jonrneyings  may  have  been.  It  is  more  like  a  sea-  voyage  than  the  ordinary 
rushing  from  point  to  point  by  rail,  and,  as  on  a  sea-voyage,  you  cease  to  care  about 
time-tables  and  connections,  and  make  yourself  comfortable.  Says  Mr.  Charles 
Nordhoff,  whose  "  California,  for  Health,  Pleasure,  and  Residence,"'  will  prove  a 
useful  companion  for  the  journey:  "Until  you  have  undertaken  this  journey,  you 
will  never  know  how  great  a  difference  it  mokes  to  your  comfort  whether  your 
train  goes  at  the  rate  of  40  or  at  22  miles  an  hour.  This  hist  is  the  pace  of  the  iron 
horse  between  Omaha  ond  San  Francisco ;  and  it  is  to  the  fierce  and  rapid  rush  of 
an  Eastern  lightning-express  what  a  gentle  and  easy  amble  is  to  a  routih  and  jolting 
trot.  Certainly  a  lightning-express  rushing  through  from  Chicago  to  San  Francisco 
would  not  carry  any  one,  except  an  expressman,  a  second  time.  At  40  or  45  miles 
per  hour,  the  country  you  pass  through  is  a  blur;  one  hardly  sees  between  the  tele- 
graph-poles; pleasure  and  ease  are  alike  out  of  the  question;  reading  tires  your 
eyes,  writing  is  impossible,  conversation  impracticable,  except  at  the  auctioneer 
pitch,  and  the  motion  is  wearing  and  tiresome.  But,  at  22  miles  per  hour,  travel  by 
rail  is  a  different  affair;  and  having  unpacked  your  books,  and  unstrapped  your 
wraps,  in  your  Pullman  or  Central  Pacific  Palace-car,  you  may  pursue  all  the  seden- 
tary avocations  and  amusements  of  a  parlor  at  home ;  and  as  your  housekeeping  is 
done — and  admirably  done— for  you  by  alert  and  experienced  servants;  as  you  may 
lie  down  at  full  length,  or  sit  up,  sleep  or  wake,  at  your  choice ;  as  your  dinner  is 
sure  to  be  aliundant,  very  tolerably  cooked,  and  not  hurried ;  as  you  are  pretty  cer- 
tain to  make  acquaintances  on  the  oar ;  and  as  the  country  through  which  you  pass 
is  strange,  and  abounds  in  curious  and  interesting  sights,  and  the  air  is  fresh  and 
exhilarating — you  soon  fall  into  the  ways  of  the  voyage ;  and  if  you  are  a  tired  busi- 
9 


118 


IIAKD-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


ness-man,  or  n  wearied  housekeeper,  your  careless  ease  will  be  such  a  rest  as  oer- 
tainljr  most  busy  and  overworked  Americans  know  how  to  eivjoy." 

In  order  to  secure  the  comfort  thus  described,  it  will  be  necessary  to  engage  a 
berth  in  the  Pullman  Palace-cars  to  Ogden,  and  in  the  Silver  Palace-cars  beyond 
Ogden.  The  cost  of  these  is  $8  from  Omaha  to  Ogden,  and  $6  from  Ogden  to  San 
Francixco,  in  addition  to  the  cost  of  the  regular  ticket ;  but  no  more  fruitful  outlay 
could  be  made.  Attached  to  each  train  is  an  "  observation-car,"  consisting  of  an 
open  platform,  from  which  the  scenery  can  be  seen  to  greater  advantage  than  in  the 
inclo!4ed  cars.  Oood  eating-stations  are  placed  at  proper  intervals,  and  the  train 
stops  long  enough  for  a  meal  to  be  eaten  with  reasonable  deliberation. 

As  there  are  228  stations  on  the  line,  we  cannot  enumerate  even  the  more  im- 
po'tant,  and  it  will  prove  more  useful  to  the  traveler,  perhaps,  to  direct  his  atten- 
tion in  a  general  way  to  the  characteristic  features  of  the  different  sections  of  the 
route.  During  the  first  day  out  from  Omohu,  the  road  traverses  vast  prairies,  which 
the  tourist  now  sees  for  the  first  time  in  something  like  their  primitive  nakedness 
and  solitude.  Settlements  and  farms  are  still  seen,  but,  tinlike  those  in  the  more 
populous  States  east  of  the  Mississippi,  they  appear  to  be  swallowed  up  in  the  im- 
mensity of  the  interminable  levels  which  roll  off  to  the  horizon  like  ti. :  sea.  On  the 
let'^  is  the  Platte  River,  through  whose  valley,  entered  at  Elklwm  (29  m.),  the  road 
runs  for  nearly  400  m.  North  Platte  (291  m.)  is  the  principal  town  on  this  section 
of  the  line,  and  contains  n  fine  hotel,  round-house,  and  machine-shop,  belonging  to 
the  railway  company.  Shortly  beyond,  the  rich  farming-lands  of  Nebraska  are  left 
behind,  and  the  road  enters  a  vast  grazing  country,  which  extends  to  the  base  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  is  covered  summer  and  winter  with  nutritious  grasses.  Herds 
of  antelope  are  seen  feeding  quietly  on  the  verdurous  slopes,  villages  of  prairie-dogs 
break  the  monotony  of  the  level,  and  occasionally  a  glimpse  is  obtained  of  buffaloes. 
Sidney  (414  m.)  is  the  largest  place  between  North  Platte  and  Cheyenne,  and  is 
quite  a  prosperous  village,  with  round-honse,  repair-shops,  hotel,  and  eating-house. 
Just  before  reaching  Archer  (508  m.),  the  first  glimpse  is  obtained  of  the  Rooky 
Mountains,  whose  snow-did  tops  are  at  first  mistaken  for  clouds.  Long's  Peak, 
14,000  ft.  high,  soon  ber  nes  plainly  visible,  and  the  Spanish  Peaks  are  in  the  dim 
distance ;  while  away  to  the  N.,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  the  duk  line  of  the 
Black  Hills  leans  against  the  horizon.  Cheyenne  (616  m.)  is  one  of  the  largest 
towns  on  the  entire  road,  though  settled  only  in  1807.  It  now  has  a  population  of 
2,S00,  is  the  point  of  junction  with  the  Denver  Pacific  Railway,  and  has  an  extensive 
round-house  and  shops.    A  few  miles  beyond  Cheyenne,  the  ascent  of  the  Rooky 


e  such  a  rest  as  oer- 
r." 

icessary  to  engage  a 
Palace-cars  beyond 
from  Ogden  to  San 
more  fruitful  outlay 
ar,"  consisting  of  an 
1  vantage  than  in  the 
ervals,  and  the  train 
ration. 

;e  even  the  more  im- 
»,  to  direct  his  atten- 
'erent  sections  of  the 
s  vast  prairies,  which 
primitive  nakedness 
(e  those  in  the  more 
tllowed  up  in  the  im- 
like  ti. :  sea.  On  the 
om  (29  m.),  the  road 
town  on  this  section 
le-shop,  belonging  to 
of  Nebraska  are  left 
nds  to  the  base  of  the 
itious  grasses.  Herds 
ilftges  of  prairie-dogs 
obtained  of  buffaloes, 
ind  Cheyenne,  and  is 
tel,  and  eating-hous«. 
Dtained  of  the  Rocky 
ilouds.  Long's  Peak, 
Peaks  are  in  the  dim 
,  the  duk  line  of  the 
is  one  of  the  Urgest 
w  has  a  population  of 
,  and  has  an  extensive 
)  ascent  of  the  Rooky 


— .    ...    /.  ,.'t«m    ufMUlUMiimH 


OMAHA  TO  HAN  FRANCI800. 


119 


Mountains  is  begun,  and  for  80  m.  the  road  climbs  rugged  granite  hills,  winding  in 
and  out  of  interminable  snow-sheds.  Sherman  (640  ra.)  is  the  highest  railroad  sta- 
tion in  the  world  (8,286  ft.)  and  affords  grand  views.  Here  commences  the  descent 
to  the  Laramie  Plains,  a  vast  wilderness  which  for  the  next  200  m.  the  road  trav- 
erses. Nothing  flourishes  on  these  alkaline  uplands  but  sage-brush,  while  jackass- 
rabbits,  and  horned  toads  with  genuine  tails,  are  almost  the  only  specimens  of  ani- 
mal life  to  be  seen.  Cretton  (787  m.)  is  the  dividing  ridge  of  the  continent,  tVom 
which  waters  flow  each  way,  E.  to  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  to  the  Pacific.  At  Oreen 
River  Station  (846  m.)  the  trnin  emerges  from  the  desolate  plains,  and  enters  a  moon- 
tain-region,  which  affords  some  fine  views.  Utah  Territory  is  entered  at  Granger 
(876  m.).  Within  this  region,  between  Green  River  and  Salt  Lake  Valley,  we  jass 
through  five  tunnels,  aggregating  nearly  2,000  t\;.,  and  cut  through  solid  rock,  which 
never  crumbles,  and  consequently  does  not  require  to  be  arched  with  brick.  CaetU 
Jtoek  (976  m.)  is  a  station  at  the  head  of  Echo  Gallon,  and  we  then  enter  a  region 
whose  grand  and  beautiful  scenery  has  been  often  described.  Echo  Gallon  and  We- 
her  Canon  are  two  of  the  most  magniflcent  sights  on  the  whole  Pacific  route,  and 
the  tourist  will  be  fortunate  if  he  passes  them  by  daylight.  The  road  winds  through 
all  the  devious  turns  of  these  caflons,  while  rook-ribbed  mountains,  bare  of  foliage, 
except  a  stunted  pine,  and  snow-capped,  rise  to  an  awful  height  on  either  hand. 
Emerging  from  these  grim  battlements  of  rock,  we  catch  the  first  view  of  Salt  Lake 
Valley,  and  soon  reach  Ogden  (1,082  m.).  This  is  the  point  of  junction  between  the 
Union  and  Central  Pacific  Railways,  and  of  the  Utah  Central  Railway,  which  ex- 
tends to  Salt  Lake  City,  82  m.  distant.  Leaving  Ogden,  the  road  skirts  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Great  Salt  I^ake,  while  the  Mormon  city  lies  near  the  S.  end  of  it.  The 
lake  is  126  m.  long  and  46  m.  wide,  as  quiet  and  placid  amid  its  mountain-barriers 
as  the  water  in  a  basin.  Promontory.  Point  (1,084  m.)  is  interesting  as  the  spot 
where  the  two  companies  building  the  Pacific  Railways  joined  their  tracks  on  May 
lu,  18A9.  Beyond  this  the  road  enters  upon  an  extended  plateau,  about  60  m.  long 
and  of  the  same  width,  known  as  the  Oreat  American  Deiert.  Its  whole  surface  is 
covered  with  a  sapless  weed  5  or  6  inches  high,  and  never  grows  any  green  thing 
that  could  sustain  animal  life.  The  only  living  things  found  upon  it  are  lizards  and 
jackass-rabbits;  and  the  only  landscape  feature  is  dry,  brown,  and  bare  mountains. 
At  Toano  (1,214  m.)  the  Humboldt  Valley,  a  comparatively  fertile  region,  is  entered ; 
here  commences  a  long  descending  grade  which  extends  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  Moun- 
tains. Elko  (1,807  m.)  is  the  most  important  station  on  this  portion  of  the  line,  and 
is  the  shipping-point  for  the  famous  White  Pine  mining  district  of  Nevada.    At 


liO 


IIAM>-U()UK  OF  AMEKICAN   CITIEH. 


WaiiMforth  (l,B87  in.)  the  nBoent  of  tlin  Sierra  Nevn(lan  in  hcfriin.  The  weiirviiijf 
Hi){lit  of  plHiiiH  covi'i'oil  with  iilkikli  ttiid  HAfie-hruHh  Ih  excharifti'd  for  |iictureH(|nf  vieWN 
of  inoiintiiiti-«ilo|ifM,  M(lort)c(l  witli  hraiichiii^r  pino-trocH,  and  ilivorniiioil  with  foaiiiinf^ 


{ 


Halt  Lake  City. 

torreiiti*.  The  axcont  soon  hoconies  ho  steep  that  two  lofoinotives  are  re(|nirv(l  to 
draw  the  train.  At  siiort  intervals  there  are  strong;  wooden  snow-slieds,  erected  to 
Kuard  the  line  against  destruction  hy  snuw-aiides.  These  sheds,  wliirh  are  very 
iniicli  lil<o  tunnels,  interrupt  tlio  views  of  some  of  the  most  romantic  scenery  on  the 
line.  Triiekee  (1,00*!  ni.)  is  the  first  important  station  in  California.  Excursionists 
for  Donnor  Lake  and  Lake  Tahoe  leave  the  railroad  here.  Summit  Station  (\,f>1\ 
ni.)  is  the  hijclu-st  point  on  the  Central  Pacific  road  (7,042  ft.),  ond  the  scenery 
around  the  station  is  indescribably  beautiful  and  impressive.  "  A  Kmnder  or  more 
exhilarating  ride  than  that  from  Summit  to  Colfax,"  says  Mr.  Nordhoft",  "you  can- 
not find  in  the  world.  The  scenery  is  various,  novel,  magnificent.  You  sit  in  an 
open  car  at  the  end  of  the  train,  and  the  roar  of  the  wind,  the  rush  and  vehement 
impetus  of  the  train,  and  the  whirl  around  curves,  past  the  edge  of  dee]>  chasn.!'. 
among  forests  of  magnificent  trees,  fill  you  with  excitement,  wonder,  and  delight.  . 
.  .  The  entrance  to  California  is  as  wonderful  and  charming  as  though  it  were  the 
gate  to  a  veritable  fuiry-land.  All  its  sights  are  peculiar  and  striking :  as  you  pass 
down  from  Summit  the  very  color  of  the  soil  seems  ditterent  from  and  richer  than 
that  you  are  accustomed  to  at  home;  the  farmhouses,  with  their  broad  piazzas, 
speak  of  a  summer  climate ;  the  flowers,  brilliant  at  the  roadside,  are  new  to  Eastern 
eyes;  and  at  every  turn  of  the  road  new  surprises  await  you."  8Mni«eBt»  (1.775 
m.)  is  the  ca|>ital  of  California,  and  is  the  second  city  of  the  State  in  size.  It  is  situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Sacramento  River,  is  an  important  railroad 
and  manufacturing  centre,  and  contains  24,0(10  inhabitants.  The  State  Capitol  here 
is  one  of  the  finest  public  buildings  in  the  United  States. 

The  journey  from  Sacramento  to  San  Francisco  is  very  pleasant,  but  without 
special  interest,  being  for  the  most  part  through  the  highly-cultivated  valleys  of  the 
Sacramento  und  San  Joaquin.  Stockton  (1,823  in.)  is  the  third  city  of  California  in 
size,  contains  12,000  inhabitants,  and  is  situated  at  the  head  of  tide-navigation  on 
the  San  Joaquin  River.     Oallnnd  (1,910  m.)  is  a  beautiful  city  of  12,000  inhabitants, 


!K.fki^l-i>i^:«£V! 


8AN    FRANCI8C0. 


121 


The  wiMirvinif 
iictureH<|iii>  viowH 
leil  with  foaming 


on  the  R.  Hhoro  of  Sim  Franoiitco  Day,  nlinoMt  iliri'ctly  opnoMiti*  Hun  FriinriHoti  itnolf. 
The  train  pnnni's  tiirougli  thu  city  to  Oiikliincl  Point,  wliuro  tlic  (>otii|iany  liaii  Ixiiit 
an  iininenf*e  pier  2^  tn.  into  tlic<  l)ay.  From  tliiit  |iior  (which  iit  wcil  wortli  notice) 
u  ferry-ltoftt  convcyH  tlic  passentrorH  and  t'rciirlit  to  Han  Frant-iHco,  8  ni.  diatant. 


ivt'H  are  re(iiiired  to 
w-slii'ds,  erected  to 
(Ih,  wliich  are  very 
intic  scenery  on  the 
nia.  £xcnrHionii«t8 
mmit  Station  (J,«7l 
t.),  and  the  scenery 
A  grander  or  more 
loniliott",  "you  can- 
lent.  You  sit  in  an 
rusli  and  vcliement 
Ige  of  deej)  cliasn.!', 
nder,  and  deliglit.  . 
thougli  it  were  the 
rilcing:  as  you  pass 
om  and  riclier  tlian 
heir  broad  piazzas, 
,  are  new  to  Eastern 
"  SamuMita  (1,776 
e  in  size.  It  is  sitn- 
I  important  railroad 
B  State  Capitol  here 

easant,  but  without 
rated  valleys  of  the 
city  of  California  in 
'  tide-navigation  on 
f  12,000  inhabitants. 


SAN  FRANOISOO. 

SAN  FRAN("IH(;(),  the  chief  city  of  Caiifornin,  and  comniorcla!  metropolis  of  the 
I'aciflc  coast,  is  situated  at  the  N.  en<l  of  a  peninHula  wliicli  is  HO  m.  long  and 
fl  m.  across  at  the  city,  and  separates  Han  Francisco  Hay  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
lat.  87°  4tt'  N.  and  Ion.  122^  4rt'  W.  The  city  stands  on  the  E.  or  inner  slope  of  the 
peninsula  and  at  the  base  of  high  hills.  In  IH4fl  these  hills  were  steep  and  cut  up 
by  numerous  gullies,  and  the  low  ground  at  their  base  was  narrow,  save  in  what  is 
now  the  H.  part  of  the  city,  where  there  whs  a  succession  of  ridges  of  loose,  bar- 
ren sand,  ini- 
itossablo  for 
loaded  wag- 
on s .  The 
sand  -  ridges 
have  been 
leveled,  the 
gullies  and 
hollows  tilled 
up,  and  the 
hills  cut 
down ;  a  n  d 
where  large 
ships  rcMle  at 
anchor  in 
1841)  there 
are  now 
paved  streets. 
The  greater 
part    of   the 

{>eninHula  is 
lilly,  bare  of 
trees,  and  un- 
fit for  culti- 
vation ;  and 
there  is  but 
one  road  lead-  bUte  Capltol  of  C'«lirornla,  it  ttacrauivntu. 

ing  out  of  the  city.  The  business  streets  are  built  up  densely,  but  beyond  that  the 
houses  arc  scattered  at  considerable  intervals,  and  the  settled  part  of  the  city  may 
be  said  to  cover  an  area  of  9  s<|.  m.  In  the  N.  E.  corner  of  the  city  is  Telegrapli 
Hill,  204  ft.  high ;  in  the  8.  F;.  corner  Rinoon  Hill,  120  ft.  high ;  '^.nd  on  the  W. 
sido  Russian  Hill,  360  ft.  high.  The  densely-populated  quarters  tire  in  the  amphi- 
theatre formed  by  the  three  liills.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  though  not  on  a 
uniform  plan ;  the  streets  are  broad  and  cross  each  other  at  right  angles.  The 
busiest  streets  are  paved  with  Belgian  bloclcs  or  cobble-stones,  and  most  of  the 
residence  streets  are  planked. 

The  history  of  San  Francisco  is  interesting  on  account  of  the  rapid  growth  of  the 
place.  The  fltst  house  was  built  in  1836,  when  the  village  was  called  Verba  Buena, 
which  in  Spanish  means  "  good  harb,"  so  named  from  a  medicinal  plant  gi  owing  in 
abundance  in  the  vicinity.  In  1847  this  was  changed  to  Han  FVancisco,  and  in  1848, 
the  year  that  gold  was  first  discovered  in  Oalifornia  by  the  white  settlers,  the  popu- 
lation had  increased  to  1,000.  The  influx  from  the  East  then  commenced,  and  in 
December,  1860,  the  population  was  about  26,000.     In  1860  it  was  66,802;  in  1870 


f  •  ik   .  —  .  ■' — 


IM 


IIAKD-noOK   OP  AMRRICAN   C'lTIRR 


U9,47A;  anil  In  Folirunry,  IHTft,  the  iiiirnl>or  wm  t'Ntiiiwtfd  by  Iih-hI  antliitritiM  *t 
a80,(HM).  Tlie  city  whh  iiiciiriM»rutt<«l  in  IHrtO.  hikI  tin-  city  niitl  cininty  wore  conDoli- 
dated  in  IHAtl.  In  Ih5I  iind  IHntt,  in  cuntuMiUfnce  ot  Imd  niiinicipHi  Kovcrr..  lont  nnd 
corrupt  adniiniHtriition  of  tim  crhninnl  lawn,  tlie  people  orxanized  Vit(ilan<>o  (Nmi- 
initteeM,  itnd  MUinmiiriiy  exiriiti'l  tu'vcral  criniinHlH  and  linniH|ii>d  ntliorH.  TIiIm  ronith 
but  wlioloHonie  ilimipllne  liad  it*  vtW'i't,  and  the  city  in  now  one  ot'  tlie  nioiit  ordei'y 
in  the  country.  Tlie  commerce  .»f  San  Fiaiu  inco  Ih  very  lar^e,  the  cidof  nrticleii  of 
export  l)einK  tlie  ])recioiiH  iiietal»,  l»read«tutlH.  wlnuo,  and  wool;  and  of  import,  lurr- 
ber,  I'oal,  coHVe,  tea,  rice,  and  Hunar.  In  1H74  the  number  of  Mca-tjoinn  venHeU  that 
arrived  wax  4,204,  aiid  during;  tlie  Mame  period  i|t;iO,ti()o,oi)()  of  treHMure  wait  ex- 
portetl.  Tlie  manufactiireH  are  im|iortant,  indiidinu  woolen  and  Milk  millM,  and 
inanufactoriea  of  watciicM,  carriuneH,  liootn,  furniture,  candled,  acldn,  wire-work, 
oastini/N  of  iron  and  branH,  and  Milver-ware, 

HatflM,  HMtaaraal*,  aid  Oakii.— The  /'ntur^  llotrl,  the  lar|{eHt  hiiildlnK  of  iti  kind  in 
the  world  and  tlie  namt  complete  in  itM  appointni'-nts,  U  27^  by  ;tB(lft.  on  the  ground, 
nine  NturieH  liiKli,  uan  uccommodate  l,2(i()  ffiiextN,  and  cost  witli  land  and  furniture 
|»,2flO,0(Mt.  Tlio  (irand  Hotel,  cor.  Market  and  \ew  Mont«oinery  HtM.,  Im  a  lar^o 
and  well-kept  hoiine  (#8  a  day).  Other  HrHt-claHH  hoteU  are  :  the  (frridtntnt  (|:t  a 
day),  in  MoiitKomerv  Ht.,  oxtendinjr  from  DuHh  to  Sutter  ;  the  Lirt  Iloime  (|H  a  day), 
in  Montgomery  St.  between  I'oHt  and  Sutter;  nnd  the  ('immo/tolittin  (|:i  a  day),  cor. 
Wash  nnd  SauHome  Hta.  The  Riiwi  llonnf  (12.50  u  day)  !h  an  old-eNtnbliHhed  hotel, 
cor.  MontKomery  nnd  HuhIi  St».  (Jood  nccommodntionH  at  from  111.75  to  |2.50 
a  day  can  bo  obtained  at  the  Amerimn  t'xchnnge,  HI9  HanHome  St.;  the  Brooklyn 
Hotel,  210  HuMh  St. ;  and  the  /uternationul  Hotel,  B82  JackMon  St.  There  are  nniny 
cheap  lodging-hoiiHes  where  comfortable  rooniH  may  be  had  at  from  2A  to  no  cts.  per 
night;  the  most  fre<juented  of  thene  ix  the  What  Cheer,  in  Sacramento  St.,  formerly 
the  bent  hotel  in  the  city. 

KoBtaurantH  are  a  peculiar  feature  of  Sun  FranciHco,  and  no  other  city  in  the 
United  StntoH  can  compare  with  it  in  thiH  respect.  iicHtaurnntH,  chop-houHeH,  roti»- 
»erU»,  abound  in  every  cpinrter.  A  great  nmny  are  firnt  ohiHH,  nn<l  ho  nearly  on  a 
par  that  it  ia  dittioult  to  make  a  Hclection.  tlhop-liouHcs  and  ri'itmeriit  ditfer  from 
restanrantH,  in  tliat  the  cooking-fiirnnceB  are  arranged  on  one  xideof  the  room,  nnd 
each  nerBon  can  Helect  the  raw  food  nnd  hnve  it  cooked  right  before  ha  jveH.  There 
are  alBO  niimerouH  tohle-trh/iteM,  where,  by  paying  from  50  ctH  to  11,  one  can  sit  at 
the  table  nnd  call  for  nnything  lie  likeH,  provided  it  is  on  the  bill  of  fare,  including 
wineB.  MartMi,  in  Coniineroial  St.  near  Montgomery,  iii  noted  for  ita  excellent 
suppers. 

The  L'nion  Cluh  has  an  elegant  building  at  the  cor.  of  Montgomery  and  Cali- 
fornia StB.  The  atone  of  whicli  it  is  constructed  was  quarried  and  cut  in  China. 
The  Olympie  Oluh  hns  exten«ivo  nnd  hand^omely-furnlHlied  rooms  at  85  Sutter  St. 
The  San  FraneUeo  Verein,  428  Pine  St.,  has  a  library  of  tt,000  volumeH  and  a  well- 
supplied  reading-room.  The  Pae\iie  Turner  Bund,  for  the  cidtivntion  of  gymnnstio 
exercise: ,  has  rooms  at  Turnvorein  Hh  "  O'Farroll  St.  between  Mason  and  Taylor. 
Introduction  by  a  member  neciires  the  jicivilegeB  of  these  clubs. 

DeiMts  Md  Nsdfs  af  ConveyaiM. — The  only  railroad  terminating  within  the  city  lim- 
its is  the  Southern  Paiific.  The  Central  Paoiflu  terminates  at  Oakland,  on  the  E. 
side  of  San  Francisco  Hay  (reached  by  ferry  from  foot  of  Pncilfic  St.) ;  and  the 
California,  Pacific,  and  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  lines  terminate  on  San 
Pablo  Hay,  N.  of  the  city  (reached  by  ferry).  IIone-ear»  intersect  the  city  in 
every  direction,  and  render  all  points  easily  occessible.  There  are  also  omnibuiet  to 
different  suburban  points.  Carruigei  are  in  waiting  at  the  steamer-landings  and  at 
various  stands  in  the  city. 

Ferrie*  to  Oakland  and  San  Antonio  from  foot  of  Pacific  St. ;  to  Alameda  from 
foot  of  Davis  St. ;  to  Contra  Costa  from  foot  of  Vnllejo  St. ;  to  San  Quentin  from 
foot  of  Broadway ;  nnd  to  Saucelito  from  Meigs's  Whorf. 

Streets  aad  Drlvts. — The  leading  thoronghfnre  and  most  fashionable  promenade  is 
Montgomery  St.,  which  is  broad  and  lined  with  handsome  buildings.  At  its  N.  end 
it  extends  to  the  top  of  a  hill,  which  is  so  precipitous  that  carriages  cannot  ascend 


'  'v;fe"w»iii 


???g-M?BV'Ml!»&fc^«S>Bi'VJ*W.H.,... 


HAN   FRANCIfKO. 


IM 


I'lil  iiiithoritieii  at 

|nly  wt-ru  coiimuII- 

KDVt'rt.  it'tit  itnd 

ll  Viirilanct'  Ciiin- 

lu«r».     Thin  roiinh 

I  the  iiiiiNt  ordi'.  *y 

cliitif  HrticleH  of 

il  of  iiii|K)rt,  liiir- 

ti>\nt(  vuhmcIh  that 

|tri'Hi*iir»«  wiw  ex- 

Ji(!  Milk  inillH,   niul 

liu'idn,  win*- work, 

(lintt  of  ifi  kiml  in 
».  on  tho  Kroiind, 
iiikI  and  fiirnitiiie 
ry  HtK.,  Ih  n  iai'Ke 
u  (frridsnftit  ($il  a 
k-  lloiiiie(%\\  It  day), 
nil  ($•*>  II  day),  cor. 
-UHtahliHhi'd  hotui, 
Mil  I1.7S  to  |2.no 
Ht. ;  the  lirooklyn 
'I'here  are  many 
III  25  to  fiO  ots.  per 
mrito  St.,  formerly 

otlier  pity  in  the 
phop-houwd,  r«</«- 
tiid  NO  nearly  on  a 
tmerirK  ditTor  from 
ioof  tiiu  room,  and 
>ro  hit  .yoH.  There 
u  |l,  one  oan  sit  at 
II  of  fare,  incliidinK 
ed  for  ita  excellent 

ntgoniery  and  Cali- 
and  cut  in  China. 

118  at  85  Sutter  St. 

raluniex  and  a  well- 

t^ation  of  ^ymnastio 
MoHon  and  Taylor. 

within  the  city  lim- 
Dakland,  on  the  E. 
iciiHc  St.) ;  and  the 
terminate  on  San 
tersect  the  city  in 
re  also  omnihu»e»  to 
ner-landings  and  at 

;  to  Alameda  from 
)  San  Quentin  from 

lable  promenade  is 
ngs.  At  its  N.  end 
iages  cannot  ascend 


^:^m&Mik..-?:'.'- 


it.  A  Hiifht  of  Nt«-|>ii  fiiahlen  podoHtrianii  to  mount  with  <-onipHrati\i>  ciiKit;  and 
from  Miu  top  lliore  In  a  Hnn  view  ovt-r  the  city  and  hay.  Kriirnry  St.  and  Miirk$t 
St.  art)  alito  fuHhionalde  promonadeii,  and  oontiiiii  Hoinu  of  the  principal  retail  uliopii. 
In  ('al{fiiniiit  St.  the  piiiicipal  hanki  and  hrokerH'  and  IniturHnce  ot^ccit  are  located. 
The  importerH  and  Jolihcm  are  in   Fronl,  Stinmiiiif,  and    IMtrry  Sl»,     1'he  liand- 


Notiieat  j>rivate  renldenccN  are  in  Van  Ncm  .Vve.,  fine  St.  Hill,  and  Taylor,  HunIi, 
.Sutter,  I'oHt,  iieary,  anil  <»'Kiiri-ell  StH.  The  "  ('hincNc  Quarter"  romhriHeit  por- 
tioiiH  of  Hacraiiicnto,  ('oiniiiercial,  Miipoiit,  JNiciflc,  and  JackNon  Sto.  — The  favorite 


drive  in  to  the  t'lijf  lloimr,  which  ii«  situated  on  the  eilife  of  the  I'iiti'H  on  the  S.  Mide 
of  the  entrance  to  tin  (iolden  (iiile  (7  m.  from  the  city).  A  tine,  hroad,  marad- 
ainizcd  road  leadii  to  it,  which  \*  wntered  in  diinty  weather,  and  Ik  an  Nniootli  and 
well  kept  UN  a  race-courite.  The  Clitf  IIoumc  In  deNcrilied  further  on.  'I'he  road 
itaitHCN  Iteyond  I  he  hotel  to  a  liroiid,  lieautifiil  lieach  Meveral  mileh  lon)f,  over  which  at 
low  tide  one  can  drive  to  the  Orfnii  IIovm  at  itn  extreme  end,  and  return  to  the 
city  l>y  a  roati  liehind  the  MiNition  IiIIIm.  Another  popular  drive  iii  to  Ihintfr'n  I'oitif, 
4^  m.  S.  K.  from  the  City  Hull.  > 

PiMIc  aN  PrtauMit  lilMlBRh — A  Mtranfter'a  flriit  impi  coition  of  San  Franci«co  in 
that  there  are  no  puhlic  huildinirH,  thoiitrh  the  new  (Ity  Hall,  In  proceHN  of  erection 


oily  Hall,  Han  Franclaco 


in  Yerha  Huena  Park,»bonnded  by  Market,  MacAllister,  and  Larkin  Sts.,  will  be  a 
tino  Htnicture,  surpasned  by  few  in  tlic  United  Staten.  The  old  Citj/  Hall,  of  stuc- 
coed brick,  two  storiea  hi|{h,  stands  in  Kearney  St.,  between  WiiHhington  and  Mer- 
chant (opposite  the  I'laza).  The  Cnntom-Ilouae,  which  also  contains  the  Pout- Ojfief, 
is  a  plain  but  substantial  building  at  the  cor.  of  Battery  and  Washinjfton  Sts.  The 
Ci  8<  BniBch  Milt  is  on  the  iijiner  Hoors  of  a  rather  shabliy  old  buildinf;^  in  ('ommercial 
St.,  neir  Monttjomery,  and  is  well  worth  a  visit  (visitors  admitted  from  0  a.  m.  to 
12  M.).  At  this  establishment  is  made  two-thirds  of  all  the  ^to\^\  and  silver  coin 
manufactured  in  the  United  States.  A  new  and  massive  bnildin^t  for  the  mint  is 
goin((  up  at  the  cor.  of  Mission  and  5th  Sts.  It  will  be  of  stone,  in  the  Doric-Ionic 
style,  and  will  cost  |1, 500,000.  The  T.  S.  Tretwury  is  located  at  428  Montgomery 
St.  (office-hours  from  9  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.).  The  Hall  of  lieeords,  cor.  Kearney  and 
Washington  8ts.,  occupies  the  old  "  £1  Dorado,"  the  famous  gambling-hell  of  early 
San  Francisco.  The  NerciMitR*  Exdiaage,  on  tlie  8.  side  of  California  St.,  between 
Montgomery  and  Sansoine,  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  spacious  buildings  in  the 
city.  The  Exchange  is  n  splendid  room  in  the  first  story,  with  lofty  ceiling,  and  is 
well  supplied  with  the  leaiding  papers  and  mt\gazines,  home  and  foreign.  In  the 
tower  over  the  building  is  a  fine  clock.    The  most  notable  commercial  buildings. 


124 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


boflidea  the  hotels,  are  those  of  the  Bank  of  California,  the  Nevada  Bank,  and  the 
Sc^fe-Deposit  Bank,  all  in  Galitbrniik  St. 

Theatres  aid  Plaits  of  iBuemnt.— The  California  Theatre,  in  Bush  St.,  near  Kear- 
ney, is  one  of  the  fineHt  buildings  in  the  city.  It  is  devoted  to  legitimate  drama  and 
star  perfortnances.  The  Orand  Opera-llome,  in  Washington  St.,  near  Montgomery, 
is  also  a  handsome  building.  The  performances  are  mostly  opera  houffe  and  bur- 
lesques. The  Metropolitan  Theatre,  in  Montgomery  St.,  between  Washington  and 
Jackson,  is  one  of  the  oldest  on  the  coast,  and  has  a  large  and  fine  auditorium.  The 
Bella  Unian  Theatre  is  in  Kearney  St.,  near  Washington  The  Alhambra  Theatre, 
in  Bush  St.,  between  Montgomery  and  Kearney,  is  devoted  to  varieties  and  negro 
minstrelsy.  Woodward't  Gardens,  in  Mission  St.,  between  18th  and  14ih  Sts.,  is  the 
Barnum's  uf  San  Francisco.  It  contains  a  Museum  of  Curiosities,  an  Art-Gallery, 
and  a  Menagerie ;  and  the  grounds  are  tastefully  laid  out.  The  City  Oardeni,  in 
Folsom  St.,  between  12th  and  13th,  are  a  popular  resort.  There  are  two  Chinee 
Theatres,  one  on  the  £.  side  of  Dupont  St.,  between  Clay  and  Washington ;  the 
other  on  the  N.  side  of  Jackson  St.,  between  Kearney  and  Dupont.  No  stranger 
in  San  Francisco  should  fail  to  visit  one  of  these  {see  "  Chinese  Quarter  ").  The 
Race-course  is  near  Hunter's  Point,  5  m.  S.  of  the  City  Hall. 

LIkrarlcs,  Art-GiiUerleg,  etc.— The  building  of  the  Mcrtaitite  Ukrary  AasMlatiM,  in  Bush 
St.,  between  Montgomery  and  Sansome,  is  large  and  fine,  of  brick  with  brown- 
stone  trimmings,  4  stories  high.  The  rooms  are  spacious,  well-arranged,  and  ele- ' 
gantly  furnished.  The  library  contains  40,000  volumes,  and  there  are  several  read- 
ing-rooms, chess-rooms,  and  a  gallery  of  pictures  and  statuary.  The  Odd-Fellows' 
Library,  in  Odd-Fellows'  Hall,  325  and  327  Montgomery  St.,  numbers  25,000  vol- 
umes, and  has  an  excellent  reading-room  attached.  The  Mechanics'  Institute  Li- 
brary occupies  a  substantial  building  in  Post  St.,  between  Montgomery  and  Kear- 
ney. It  contains  30,000  volumes,  and  has  a  well-supplied  reading-room.  I'he  Tmw 
Library,  in  Montgomery  Block,  contains  over  15,000  volumes.  The  Society  of 
California  Pioneers,  in  Pioneer  Hall  (Montgomery  St.,  near  Jackson),  has  a  good 
library  and  reading-room,  together  with  a  collection  of  many  interesting  -elicH 
of  early  times.  The  Academy  of  Sciences  has  rooms  in  the  Mechanics'  Institute 
building. 

Chirehesi — The  largest  and  finest  church-edifice  on  the  Pacific  Coast  is  St.  Tit- 
rlek'g  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Mission  St.,  between  3d  and  4th.  It  is  of  brick,  160  by 
90  ft.,  with  a  spire  240  ft.  high.  St.  Mary's  Cathedral  (Roman  Catliolic),  cor.  Cali- 
fornia and  Dupont  Sts.,  is  a  noble  building  in  the  Gothic  style,  with  a  spire  200  ft. 
high.  St,  Francis's  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Vallejo  St.,  between  Dupont  and  Stock- 
ton, is  a  large  brick  structure,  in  the  Gothic  style,  with  four  towers,  each  90  ft. 
high.  <S'^  Joseph's  (Roman  Catholic),  in  10th  St.,  between  »"olsom  and  Howard,  is 
in  the  cruciform  Gotliic  style,  with  richly-decorated  interior.  Grace  Chireh  (Episco- 
pal), cor.  California  and  Stockton  Stn  is  a  stately  stone  building  with  stained-glass 
windows.  Trinity  Church  (Episcopal),  cor.  Post  and  Powell  Sts.,  has  a  lofty 
tower  and  spire,  and  a  tine  interior.  The  Calvai-y  Presbyterian,  cor.  Geary  and 
Powell  Sts.,  is  a  large  and  costly  edifice,  in  the  Composite  style,  with  10  sn.jll 
towers  rising  above  the  roof.  The  first  IlaltirUn  (Horatio  Stebbins,  pastor),  in 
Geary  St.,  between  Dupont  and  Stockton,  is  one  of  the  finest  churohes  in  the  city, 
remarkable  for  the  purity  of  its  arcliitectural  design,  and  the  elegance  of  its  interior 
finish.  The  First  Methodist,  in  Powell  St.,  between  Washington  and  Jackson,  was 
founded  in  1849,  and  is  the  eldest  of  the  denomination  in  the  city.  The  First  Bap- 
tist is  in  Washington  St.,  between  Dupont  and  Stockton ;  the  Columbia  Square 
Baptist,  in  Russ  St.,  between  Howard  and  Folsom  ;  and  the  First  Congregational, 
cor.  California  and  Dnpont  Sts.  The  Jewish  synagogue  of  Emanu-El,  in  Sutter  St., 
between  Stockton  and  Powell,  is  a  l^.rge,  elegant,  and  substantial  structure,  with  2 
lofty  towers,  and  richly-decorated  interior.  That  of  the  SherlQi-Israel,  cor.  Post 
and  Taylor  Sts.,  k  an  imposing  structure ;  the  lofty  ceiling,  arched  and  fres<^oed  in 
imitation  of  the  sky  at  night,  i?  much  almired.  The  Chinese  Mission  House,  cor. 
Stockton  and  Sacramento  Sts.,  will  prove  interesting  to  strangers. 

EdaeatiMil  and  Charitable  lastltaMMS. — The  most  important  educational  institution 


.  .J  "im^s:vi:%^S!^m''TmSk '- 


Ida  Bank,  and  the 

sh  St.,  near  Kear- 
;itin]ate  drama  and 
near  Montgomery, 
a  houffe  and  bnr- 

Washington  and 

auditorium.  The 
Alhamhra  Theatre, 
arieties  and  negro 
nd  Uih  Sts.,  is  the 
)8,  an  Art-Gallery, 

City  Oarderu,  in 
are  two  Chinete 

Washington ;  the 
ont.     No  stranger 

Quarter").    The 

AasMlatiM,  in  Bush 
jricic  with  brown- 
arranged,  and  ele- ' 
:e  are  several  read- 
The  Odd-Fellow»' 
umbers  25,000  vol- 
'lanics'  Institute  Li- 
tgomery  and  Kear- 
ig-room.  riie  Law 
Tlie  Society  of 
ckson),  has  a  good 
y  interesting  -elics 
lechanios'  Institute 

fie  Coast  is  St  fit- 
is  of  brick,  160  Dy 
Catiiolic),  cor.  Oali- 
with  a  spire  200  ft. 
Dupont  and  Stock- 
towers,  each  90  ft. 
om  and  Howard,  is 
irate  Charch  (Episco- 
g  with  stained-glass 
I  Sts.,  has  a  lofty 
(«n,  cor.  Geary  and 
tyle,  with  10  sn.all 
bobbins,  pastor),  in 
lurohes  in  the  city, 
gancc  of  its  interior 
1  and  Jackson,  was 
;y.  The  First  Bap- 
e  Columbia  Square 
ir»t  Congregational, 
nu-El,  in  Sutter  St., 
al  structure,  with  2 
lOi-IsncI,  cor.  Post 
led  and  fres.^oed  in 
Mitium  BbuM,  cor. 

PS. 

icational  institntion 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


186 


in  or  near  Sen  Francisco  is  the  Unieernty  of  Gal\fomia,  which  has  liandsome  bnild- 
ings  at  Berkeley,  4  m.  N.  of  Oakland.  In  the  city  is  an  excellent  SeJuwl  qf  Derign, 
two  Medical  Oolleges,  and  three  Academies.  The  public  schools  accommodate  80,- 
000  pupils  in  regular  attendance.  Among  the  charitable  institutions  the  principal 
are  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital,  an  extensive  building  on  a  commanding  emi- 
nence at  the  cor.  of  Mission  and  16th  Sts. ;  the  City  Hospital,  cor.  Stockton  and 
Francisco  Sts. ;  St.  Mary^s  Hospital  (Roman  Catholic),  cor.  Bryant  and  1st  Sts. ; 
the  State  Wovian^s  Hospital,  21  Hawthorne  St. ;  the  Almshouse,' oa  the  San  Miguel 
Road,  in  the  suburbs ;  tiie  Protestant  Orj>han  Asylum,  in  Laguna  St.,  near  Haight ; 
and  the  Soman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  in  Market  St.,  near  8d.  The  Alameda 
Park  Asylum  f<yr  the  Insane  is  situated  on  the  Encinal,  Alameda.  The  flne  build- 
ing of  the  State  Asylum  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind,  near  Oakland,  w.is  bnmed 
in  1875. 

nut^  PiMIc  S^Hres,  aid  Ceacteriea. — The  parks  of  San  Francisco  are  vx  the  fu- 
ture, though  a  commencement  has  been  made  with  the  Golden  Qate  Park,  S.  of  the 
city,  which  contains  1,048  acres,  and  is  now  being  beautified.  Portsmouth  Square, 
commonly  called  the  Plata  (W.  side  jfearney  St.  from  Washington  to  Clay  Sts.),  is 
inclosed  with  a  handsome  iron  railing,  is  tastefully  laid  out  with  gravel-walks,  trees, 
shrubs,  and  grass-plats,  and  has  a  fountain  in  the  centre.  There  are  a  number  of 
other  public  squares  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  but  none  of  them  have  been 
nmch  improved.  Across  the  bay  at  Alameda,  Oakland,  and  Saucelito,  are  some 
large  and  beautiful  public  gardens.  LwM  Mtntala  Ceaetery  is  in  many  respects  un- 
surpassed. It  lies  2^  m.  W.  of  the  principal  hotels  (reached  by  horse-cars).  Within 
the  inclosure  of  the  cemetery  is  a  singular  mountain,  of  conical  shape,  which  rises 
up  singly  and  alone  to  a  considerable  height  above  tlie  surrounding  country,  which 
is  tolerably  level.  On  its  summit  is  a  large  wooden  cross ;  and  both  mountain  and 
cross  are  very  conspicuous,  and  may  be  seen  from  almost  any  part  of  the  city.  There 
are  several  fine  monuments  in  the  cemetery,  that  of  Senator  Broderick  and  Rals- 
ton's  (modeled  after  the  Pantheon  at  Rome)  being  especially  noteworthy  ;  but  the 
great  feature  is  Lone  Mountain,  with  its  unrivaled  outlook,  embracing  views  of  the 
city,  bay,  ocean.  Mount  Diablo,  and  the  Coast  Range.  There  are  sereral  other 
cemeteries  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Lone  Mountain,  chief  among  which  is  Laurel 
Hill. 

The  '<  ihhiese  (^larter." — There  are  about  20,000  Chinese  in  San  Francisco,  and 
their  "  quarter "  has  already  been  defined  as  comprising  portions  of  Sacramento, 
Commercial,  Dupont,  Pacific,  and  Jackson  Sts.  Here  they  hold  undisputed  posses- 
sion of  several  blocks,  and  the  houses  are  crammed  frorti  sub-cellar  to  attic.  No 
stranger  in  San  Francisc  who  has  leis  ire,  should  fail  to  visit  one  of  the  two 
Chinese  Theatres.  He  will  find  the  entire  audience,  even  the  ladies,  who  have  a 
compartment  to  themselves,  smoking  either  tobacco  cr  opium,  and  the  performance 
is  carried  on  amid  the  clashing  of  cymbals,  the  beating  of  drums  and  gongs,  the 
blowing  of  trumpets,  and  o*,her  kinds  of  noise.  The  stage  is  about  10  il.  high,  and 
covered  on  all  sides  with  dirty,  faded  red-and-yellow  paper  and  black  Chinese  let- 
ters. Faded  gilt  stripes  are  here  and  there  observable;  pieces  of  tin,  like  sardine- 
boxes,  piled  on  top  of  each  other,  are  nailed  to  the  walls ;  wings,  tails,  and  heads  of 
birds  are  hung  up  with  old  tin  pans,  broken  chairs,  legless  tabic  <,  dirty  coats,  hats, 
and  pant  ^,  rusty  swords,  broomsticks  burned  black  for  spears,  peacock-feathers,  red 
and  yellow  stripes  of  muslin,  old  boots  and  shoes,  ^yooden  animals  painted  every 
color  but  the  natural,  junks  '<^  !th  sails  set,  armies  marching,  and  bulls  fighting.  The 
orchestra  sit  on  the  stage  and  smoke  all  the  time;  and  the  perfoi-mance  does  not 
commence  until  they  have  worn  themselves  out  with  making  noise.  Several  fel- 
lows, clad  in  green,  red,*  and  yellow  costumes,  with  long  feathers  sticking  out  from 
the  backs  of  their  necks,  wings  on  their  shoulders,  and  large  masks  in  imitation  of 
bulls,  horses,  and  other  animala,  then  begin  strutting  about  and  shouting  to  each 
other ;  and  that  is  the  play.  A  visit  to  the  Oambling-houses  and  Opium-cellars  will 
repay  the  curious  tO''.rist ;  but  it  had  better  be  roado  in  company  with  a  policeman. 
The  Chinese  are  probably  the  most  inveterate  gamblers  in  the  world,  and  they  all 
gamble.    In  a  cellar,  greasy  and  dirty  and  filled  with  smoke,  eighty  or  a  hundred 


126 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


will  be  found  sitting  around  tables  betting.  Their  mode  of  gambling  is  simple  : 
some  one  throws  a  handful  of  copper-coins  on  the  table  and  aftor  putting  np  stakes 
they  bet  whether  the  number  of  coins  is  odd  or  even ;  then  they  count  them  and 
declare  the  result.  Often  in  n  single  night  they  will  gamble  away  several  months* 
earnings.  Tlie  upium-collars  are  fitted  up  with  benches  or  shelves,  on  each  of  which 
will  be  found  a  couple  of  Chinamen  lying  on  the  boards  with  a  wooden  box  for  a 
pillow.  Tiiey  smoke  in  pairs :  while  one  smokes  and  prepares  the  opium,  the  other 
IS  dozing  in  u  half-drunken  sleep.  There  are  three  Templeg,  and  at  all  times  the 
visitor  will  find  them  open  and  any  number  of  joss-sticks  smoking  in  front  of  the 
favorite  go<1s. 

Sakwkb — The  point  of  chief  interest  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  is  the  €W 
Hmw,  a  low,  rambling  building,  set  on  the  edge  of  some  olitfs  rising  sharply  from 
the  ocean  and  facing  west.  It  is  0  m.  from  the  city,  and  is  reached  by  the  Point 
Lobos  Road,  a  fine,  admirably-kept  boulevani,  on  which  riders  and  vehicles  of  every 
description  are  met,  especially  Saturday  afternoon,  the  half-holiday  of  business  men. 
The  restaurant  attached  to  the  house  is  famous  for  its  excellence,  and  it  if.  a  delight- 
ful experience  to  drive  down  in  the  early  morning,  before  the  sunmier  northers  be- 
gin to  blow,  and  breakfast  there.  Seal  Rock  is  close  by  the  hotel,  and  the  greatest 
charm  of  the  place  is  to  lounge  on  the  wide,  shady  piazza  and  watch  the  seals  bask- 
ing in  the  sun  or  wriggling  over  the  rocks,  barking  so  noisily  as  to  be  heard  above 
the  roar  of  the  breakers.  Northward  lies  the  Golden  Gate,  the  beautiful  entrance 
to  San  Francisco  Bay.  Southward  is  the  beach,  upon  which  the  waves  l)eat  cease- 
lessly, and  beyond,  a  rocky  shore  whose  outlines  melt  in  the  blue  distance.  In  front 
is  the  vimt  Pacific  ocean,  on  whose  distant  horizon  on  a  clear  day  the  peaks  of  tho 
Farallone  I$land»  are  visible.  At  Hunter't  Pointy  ^  m.  S.  £.  of  the  City  Hall,  is  a 
Dry  Dock,  ont  out  of  the  solid  rock,  and  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world. 
The  drive  to  it  is  across  an  arm  of  the  bay,  and  afiTords  varied  and  pleasant  views. 
The  MiMioH  Doloret,  the  old  mission  of  San  Francisco,  lies  8^  m.  S.  W.  of  the  city 
(reached  by  Market  St.  cars  and  also  by  omnibus).  It  is  an  adobe  building  of  the 
old  Spanish  style,  built  in  1778.  Adjoining  it  is  the  cemetery,  with  its  well-worn 
paths  and  fantastic  monuments.  Alamedn,  Saucelito,  and  Oaklaiid,  across  the  Bay 
(reached  by  ferry),  are  l)eautiful  towns  with  fine  public  gardens. 


WASHINOTON  TO  RICHMOND.— BO f/TJ^  I. 

( Via  Baltimore  As  Potomac  R.  R.    DUtance,  US  in.    Tim),  5  hr«.    Faro,  about  |S.) 

The  train  leaves  the  depot  in  Washington  at  the  cor.  of  6th  and  B.  Sts.,  crosses 
the  Long  Bridge  into  Virginia,  and  runs  down  parallel  with  the  Potomac  to  Alex- 
andria, which  is  described  on  p.  60.  Here  the  road  leaves  the  Potomac  and  runs 
8.  E.  ticross  a  broken  and  rather  desolate-looking  country  to  Frederkkthurg  (58  m.), 
a  quaint  and  venerable  old  town  on  the  8.  shore  of  the  Rappahannock  River.  Fred- 
ericksburg was  founded  in  1727,  and  is  notable  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  severest 
battles  of  the  civil  war,  fought  December  18.  1862,  in  which  General  Bnrnside  was 
defeated  by  General  Lee.  Many  traces  of  this  bloody  conflict  still  remain,  and  may 
be  seen  from  the  cars,  as  the  train  passes  directly  across  the  battle-field.  In  the 
vicinity  are  a  National  and  a  Confederate  cemetery,  the  latter  being  adorned  with  a 
monument.  At  Hanover  Junction  (92  m.)  another  battle  was  fought  between  General 
Grant  and  General  Lee  in  May,  1864.  The  works  occupied  by  the  two  armies  may 
still  be  seen.  Aohland  (00  ro.)  is  a  place  of  recent  origin,  and  a  favorite  residence  of 
many  citizens  of  Richmond.  Near  here  was  the  birthplace  of  Henry  Clay,  who 
was  often,  when  a  boy,  seen  riding  with  a  bag  to  mill,  from  which  he  received  the 
name  of  the  "  Mill-boy  of  the  Slashes,"  a  term  applied  to  the  neighboring  country. 
Richmond  (116  m.)  is  described  on  the  next  page. 


ibling  is  8iin|)Ie : 

I  putting  up  stakes 

count  tliern  and 

several  montlis' 

on  eaolt  of  which 

rooden  box  for  u 

opium,  the  otiier 

at  all  times  the 

[Iff  in  front  of  the 

'ancisco  is  the  €M 
Ising  sharply  from 
)hed  by  the  Point 
Id  vehicles  of  every 
[y  of  business  men. 
and  it  if.  a  delight- 
mer  n<)rtherB  be- 
,  and  the  greatest 
tch  the  seals  bask- 
to  be  heard  above 
beautiful  entrance 
waves  beat  cease- 
distance.    In  front 
y  the  peaks  of  the 
the  City  Hall,  is  a 
inest  in  the  world, 
ind  pleasant  viewH. 
8.  W.  of  the  city 
ohe  building  of  the 
with  its  well-worn 
ttid,  across  the  Bay 


B  /. 

tro,  about  |S.) 

and  B.  Sts.,  crottses 
3  Potomac  to  Alex- 
Potomac  and  runs 
Herielcifmrg  (55  m.), 
mfK5k  River.  Fred- 
one  of  the  severest 
inerni  Biirnside  was 
ill  remain,  and  may 
:)attle-field.  In  the 
Hng  adorned  with  a 
;ht  between  General 
he  two  armies  may 
ftvorite  residence  of 
'  Henry  Clay,  who 
ich  he  received  the 
jighboring  country. 


RICHMOND. 


WASmNOTON  TO  BIOHMOND^AOCTTlf  II. 


187 


( via  «te«iner  to  Aqnta  Creek,  and  thence  via  Richmond,  PrederickebuiK  A  Potomac  K.  B.  Diatance, 
180  m.  Time,  t  to  T  hra.  Fare,  abunt  (5.  I'aaienicers  can  n«u  the  i>ame  ticket  on  either  thia  or 
tbo  preceding  roote.) 

This  is  a  pleasant  way  of  reaching  Richmond  when  a  couple  of  hours  more  or 
less  are  of  no  importance  to  the  traveler.  The  trip  down  the  Potomao  is  made  by 
day,  and  affords  good  views  of  the  river  scenery  and  the  various  places  of  interest 
on  its  bank — Alexandria,  Arlington,  and  Mount  Vernon.  In  passing  the  latter 
place  the  bell  of  the  boat  is  always  tolled,  Aquia  Greek  (65  m.)  was  an  impor- 
tant military  depot  during  the  war  for  the  Federal  forces  operating  in  the  region 
N.  of  Fredericksburg,  From  IVederieksburg  (69  ro,)  the  line  is  identical  with  that 
described  in  the  preceding  route. 

RIOHBCOND. 

(Beside*  the  foregoini;  m<-tbod»  of  reaching  KIchmond,  it  majr  be  renched  lyom  Baltimore  WmMuu- 
cr  down  Chesapeake  Bay  to  Norrolk ;  thence  br  steamer  np  James  River.    \li>o  via  steameKfrom 
Baltimore  down  Chesapeake  Bay  and  op  York  River  to  West  Point :  thence  by  rail  [88  mTla' 
Bichmond.   From  New  York  direct  tia  "  Old  Dominion  Line  "  of  steami-ra  [three  times  a  week.]) 

RIGIIMOND,  the  capital  and  largest  city  of  Virginia,  iii  situated  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Jamefl  River,  about  100  m.  by  water  from  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  city 
is  built  on  several  eminences,  the  principal  of  which  are  Richmond  and  Shookoe 
Hills,  which  are  separated  by  Shockoe  Creek,  and  is  surrounded  by  bvautiful  scenery. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out  and  well  built ;  the  streets,  which  are  lighted  with  gas,  cross 
each  .other  at  right  angles.  It  was  founded  in  1787,  was  incorporated  in  1742,  and 
became  the  State  capital  in  177(*,  at  which  period  it  was  a  small  village.  The  city 
was,  in  turn,  the  scene  of  the  conventions  of  1788,  to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitu- 
tion, those  of  1829,  I860,  and  1861,  and  other  important  political  gatherings,  which 
largely  shaped  the  destinies  of  the  Commonwealth.  In  1861  still  greater  prominence 
was  given  to  it  as  the  capital  of  the  Southern  Confederacy ;  and  one  of  the  great 
aims  of  the  Federal  authorities,  throughout  the  war,  was  to  reduce  it  into  their  pos- 
session. The  obstinacy  with  which  the  Confederates  defended  it  was  a  proof  of  the 
great  importance  which  they  attached  to  its  retention.  To  effect  this,  strong  lines 
of  earthworks  were  drawn  around  the  place,  and  may  still  be  seen  as  memorials  of 
the  great  struggle.  When  General  Lee  evacuated  Petersburg,  April  2,  1865,  the 
troops  defending  Richmond  on  the  £.  were  withdrawn,  and,  to  prevent  the  tobacco- 
warehouses  and  public  stores  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Federal  forces,  the 
buildings — together  with  the  bridges  over  James  River — were  fired.  This  resulted 
in  the  destruction  of  a  large  part  of  the  business  section  of  the  city,  extending  from 
the  Spottswond  Hotel,  on  Main  St.,  for  nearly  a  mile-  toward  Rockett's,  the  lower 
saburb — the  number  of  buildings  destroyed  having  been  estimated  at  1,000,  and 
the  loss  at  $8,000,000.  With  the  cessation  of  hostilities,  Richmond  set  to  work  to 
rebuild  her  blackened  quarters,  which  she  has  now  almost  wholly  accomplished, 
and  the  city  is  rapidly  recovering  its  former  prosperity.  The  population  in  1870 
was  51,088,  .<uid  had  increased  in  1874  to  60,705.  The  commerce  is  large,  the  chief 
articles  of  ex[)ort  being  tobacco  and  flour.  The  latter  is  noted  for  its  excellent  qual- 
ity, and  is  mostly  shipped  to  Brazil.  Great  (juantities  of  tobacco  are  shipped  t<<  the 
North.  The  manufactures  give  employment  to  over  4,000  men,  and  include  iron- 
works, machitie-shops,  founderies,  sugar-refineries,  cigar-factories,  coach  and  wagon 
factories,  furniture,  sheetings  and  shirtings,  and  stoneware.  Five  lines  of  railroad 
intersect  at  Richmond,  and  regular  lines  of  steamers  run  to  Norfolk,  Baltimore, 
Philadelphia,  and  New  York. 

BilUky  BcitauutR,  tad  Chihb — The  leading  hotels  are  the  EMhange  Hotel  and  Bal- 
lard House,  facing  and  connected  with  each  other  in  Franklin  St.  below  the  Capitol 
(|8  a  day).  The  St.  Jamei  Hotel  (|2.60  a  day)  is  in  12th  St,,  facing  the  Capitol 
Square,  FareTe  Hotel  ($2.60  a  day)  is  in  Main  St,  The  best  restaurants  for  ladies 
and  gentlemen  are  Pottinf$,  807  £.  Broad  St.,  ZetelWi,  cor,  11th  and  Bnnk  Sts., 
and  Antoni't,  1105  £.  Main  St.  The  Riehmtmd  Cluh-Hovie  is  in  Franklin  St.  In- 
troduction by  a  member. 


128 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


•f  CwTcyiMei— Ilorse-cara  run  from  end  to  end  of  the  city  throngh  the 
main  thoroughfares  (faro  lOc).    Oeutper'i  omnibuses  and  hncks  are  in  waiting  at  the . 
depots  and  steamboat-land ings ;  also  at  stands  in  the  aity.     Fare  from  depot  or 
landing  to  any  point  in  the  city,  60o.     Hacks  by  the  liour ;  $1.50  for  the  first  hoar, 
and  |1  for  each  additional  hour. 

PaMc  aid  PrtalMBt  BilfcUapi — The  most  prominent  public  building  of  Richmond, 
and  by  fur  the  most  conspicuous  object  in  the  city,  or  from  its  approaciies,  is  the 
State  Caplltl.  standing,  in  the  centre  of  a  park  of  8  acres,  on  the  summit  of  Shockoe 

Hill.  It  is  a 
G  rsBco  -  Com- 
posite build- 
ing, adornej 
with  a  porticr> 
of  Ionic  col- 
umns, the 
Elan  having 
e e n  fur- 
nished by 
Thomas  Jef- 
ferson after 
that  of  the 
Maiton  earrk 
at  Nismes,  in 
France.  The 
view  from  the 
portico  is  ex- 
tensive and 
beautiful, 
taking  in  the 

r..  ■.  1  .  n.  .       A  James  River, 

Cpltol  at  Richmond.  with  its  windl 

ings  and  numerous  islands.  In  the  centre  of  the  building  is  a  square  hall  sur- 
mounted by  a  dome,  beneath  which  stands  Houdon's  celebrated  statue  of  Washing- 
ton. The  statue  is  of  marble,  of  the  size  of  life,  and  represents  Washington  as  clad 
in  the  uniform  worn  by  an  American  general  during  the  Revolution.  The  left 
hand  rests  on  a  bundle  of  fasces,  on  which  hang  a  military  cloak  and  a  small 
sword,  and  against  which  leans  a  plough.  The  attitude  is  natural  and  easy,  and 
the  likeness  to  the  great  original  is  said  to  be  strong.  On  one  side  of  the  pedestal 
is  the  following  inscription :  "  The  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Vir- 
ginia have  caused  this  statue  to  be  erected,  as  a  monument  of  affection  and  gratitude, 
to  Gboboe  Wabiiikoton,  who,  uniting  to  the  endowments  of  the  Hero  the  virtues 
of  the  Patriot,  and  exerting  both  in  establishing  the  Liberties  of  his  Country,  has 
rendered  his  name  dear  to  his  Fellow-Citizens,  and  given  the  World  an  immortal 
Exaniple  of  true  Glory.  Done  in  the  year  of  Christ  One  Thousand  Seven  Hundred 
and  Eighty-eight,  and  in  the  year  of  the  Commonwealth  the  Twelfth."  Near  the 
statue  of  Washington,  in  a  corner  of  the  hall,  stands  an  antique  English  store,  cov- 
ered with  ornamental  chasings  and  inscriptions,  which  dates  back  far  beyond  the 
Revolution,  and  was  used  to  warm  the  old  Virginia  Honse  of  Burgesses  at  Williams- 
burg in  colonial  times.  In  a  niche  in  the  wall  is  a  marble  bust  of  Lafayette.  On 
the  esplanade  leading  from  the  Governor's  house  to  the  W.  gate  of  the  Capitol 
Square,  and  near  the  latter,  is  Crawford's  equestrian  Static  tf  Washlif^,  consisting 
of  a  bronze  horse  and  rider,  of  colossal  size,  rising  from  a  massive  granite  pedestal, 
and  surrounded  by  bronze  figures  of  Patrick  Henry,  Thomas  Jefiierson,  John  Mar- 
shall, George  Mason,  Thomas  Nelson,  and  Andrew  Lewis.  The  horse  is  half  thrown 
upon  his  haunches,  and  is  thought  to  be  one  of  the  finest  bronzes  in  the  world.  A 
life  size  marble  statue  of  Henry  Clay  (near  the  W.  corner)  completes  the  decora- 
tions of  the  Capitol  Square,  which  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  citizens  and  of 
strangers. 


•  j^aiefewsmt.:"^..- 


city  throngh  the 
in  waiting  at  the , 
hre  from  depot  or 
for  the  first  hoar, 

i»jg  of  Richmond, 
approaciiea,  is  the 
umniit  of  Shoclcoe 
Hill.     It  is  a 
G  r»co  -  Com- 
posite   build- 
ing,   adomoJ 
with  a  portior) 
of  Ionic  col- 
umns,  the 
Elan     having 
e e n    fur- 
nished   by 
Thomas    Jef- 
ferson    after 
that    of    the 
Maison.  earrft 
at  Nisroea,  in 
France.     The 
view  from  the 
portico  is  ex- 
tensive    and 
beautiful, 
^^     taking  in  the 
James  River, 
witlj  its  wind- 
a  square  hall  sur- 
statue  of  Washing- 
Washington  as  clad 
svolution.     The  left 
r  cloak  and  a  small 
tural  and  easy,  and 
side  of  the  pedestal 
nmon  wealth  of  Vir- 
'ption  and  gratitude, 
he  Hero  the  virtues 
of  his  Country,  has 
World  an  immortal 
and  Seven  Hundred 
welfth."    Near  the 
I  English  store,  cov- 
ick  far  beyond  the 
rgesses  at  Williams- 
t  of  Lafayette.     On 
gate  of  the  Capitol 
ashligtM,  consisting 
ve  granite  pedestal, 
efferson,  John  Mar- 
lorse  is  half  thrown 
is  in  the  world,     A 
npletes  the  decora- 
tie  citizens  and  of 


RICHMOND. 


129 


The  Gitif  Hall  is  an  elegant  structure  at  the  N.  W.  angle  of  Capitol  Square. 
The  Ootemor^t  Hoy«e  is  a  plain  building  on  the  N,  E.  corner  of  the  square.  The 
Vustom-Ifouiie,  whicli  also  contains  the  Po»t-Offiee,  is  a  handsome  striiclure  of  gran- 
ite, in  the  Italian  style,  in  Main 

St.,  between   lOtli    and    11th.        -tj'^'i  ;*C!l^^  ^^^'\\ 

The  Medical  College,  in  rear  of      ^lmJ^^^^i^      _      m  ^'^*,  k?'--^ 

the  Monumental  Church,  is  a 
tine  specimen  of  the  Egyptian 
style  of  architecture.     In  the 
vicinity  is  the  Brickenhrough 
Home,    which    wis    the    resi- 
dence of  .letfcrson  Davis,  Presi- J 
dent  of  the  Southern  Confeder-  j 
acy  ;  it  is  uow  used  as  a  school 
h»>Ub«..    The  Utate  Penitentiary  ' 
is  a  large  whitewashed  brick  ' 
building,  in  the  W.  suburbs  of 
the    city.      Other    prominent 
buildings  are    the   Lihbff  and 
Ca»tle    Thunder  Prison*;   but! 
these  are  mere  tobacco-ware- ' 
luuses,  of  no    interest  apart] 
from  the  associations  connect-' 
ed  with  them. 

Tkeatres  aad  Flaws  cf  ii 
■eat. — The  old  Richmond  The- 
atre, in  Broad  St.,  built  in  con- 
sequence of  the  destruction  l)y  | 
fire  of  the  former  theatre,  on 
the  site  of  the  Monumental 
Church,  is  a  handsome  and  spa- 
cious building,  with  a  neat  au- 
ditorium. Other  well-conduct- 
ed places  of  amusement  are  the 
Virginia  Hall  and  the  Amembly  Hall. 

Chwrehesi — The  churches  of  Richmond  are  numerous,  and  several  of  them  are 
handsome  specimens  of  architecture.  Those  with  historic  associations  are  St.  John's 
and  the  Monumental.  St.  Jaha's  (Episcopal)  is  a  plain  edifice  with  a  modern  spire, 
on  Church  Hill,  cor.  Broad  and  24th  Sts.  It  is  of  ante-Revolutionary  origin,  and  in 
it  was  held  (in  1 775)  the  Virginia  Convention  to  decide  the  action  of  the  colony,  on 
which  occasion  Patrick  Henry  exclaimed:  "The  war  is  inevitable,  and  let  it  cornel 
Is  life  so  dear,  or  peace  so  sweet,  as  to  be  purchased  at  the  price  of  chains  and  sla- 
very? Forbid  it.  Almighty  God !  I  know  not  what  course  others  may  take,  but,  as 
for  me,  give  me  liberty  or  give  me  death!  "  St.  John's  Church  was  subsequently, 
in  1788,  the  scene  of  the  meeting  of  the  convention  to  determine  whether  Virginia 
would  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution.  The  MMiBCBta!  Chirrh  (Episcopal),  cor. 
Broad  and  18th  Sts.,  is  a  handsome  edifice,  with  a  dome,  standing  on  the  spot  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  Richmond  Theatre.  Tn  1811,  during  the  performance  of  a 
piece  called  "The  Bleeding  Nun,"  the  theatre  cauglit  fire,  and,  in  the  terror  and  con- 
fusion of  the  crowd  rushing  to  the  doors,  69  persons,  including  the  Governor  of  Vir- 
ginia and  some  of  the  most  eminent  men  and  beautiful  women  of  the  State,  were 
crushed  or  burned  to  death.  The  cliurch  was  erected  as  a  memorial  of  the  event, 
the  remains  of  the  victims  being  interred  beneath  a  mural  tablet  in  the  vestibule. 
Of  the  more  modem  structures,  St.  PauV$  (Episcopal),  cor.  Grace  and  9th  Sts.,  is 
the  most  imposing.  In  it  Jefferson  Davis  was  seated  when  a  messenger  brought 
him  the  fatal  news  that  Lee  was  about  to  evacuate  Petersburg.  Other  important 
churches  are  the  Mrat  Baptist,  cor.  Broad  and  12th  Sts. ;  the  Second  Baptist,  cor. 
Main  and  6th  Sts. ;  the  Trinity  Methodist,  cor.  Broad  and  20th  Sts. ;  the  Cmtenary 

■'        ,■  s^     ■ 


Statne  of  WaBhiDgton. 


180 


HAKD-DOOK  OF  AMERICAN   OITIES. 


Methodist,  cor.  Grace  and  fith ;  the  First  Presbyterian,  cor.  10th  and  Capitol  Sts. ; 
St.  Peter's  (Roman  Gatholic),  cor.  Grace  and  8th  StH. ;  and  St,  Patricio's  (Roman 
Oatholic),  Churcli  Hill  and  25th  8i.  The  old  African  Church  is  a  lontf,  low  build- 
ing in  Uroad  St..  near  Monumental  Ghurch,  famous  as  a  place  of  political  meet- 
ings before  and  during  the  war. 

MlMdlaMtai)  Platfs  tf  latercst. — There  are  several  cemeteries  in  Richmond,  the 

ftrincipal  of  whicli  is  ll9ll>WM4«  This  is  a  spot  of  great  natural  beauty,  in  the  W. 
imits  of  the  city,  above  James  River,  and  embraces  an  extensive  tract,  alternately 
hill  and  dale,  the  whole  ornamented  with  venerabie  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowers.  On 
the  hill  at  the  8.  extremity,  a  monument  marks  the  resting-place  of  President  Mon- 
roe. Other  |)er8on8  of  note  are  buried  here,  among  them  General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  com- 
mander of  Lee's  cavalry,  in  the  soldiers'  section  are  the  graves  of  hundreds  of  Con- 
federate dead,  from  the  midst  of  which  rises  a  monumental  pyramid  of  rough  stone. 
The  Falls  of  James  River,  extending  for  about  6  m.  above  the  city,  are  exceedingly 
picturesoue,  and  well  worth  a  visit.  Three  bridges  across  the  river  connect  Rich- 
mond with  Spring  Hill  and  Manchester,  the  latter  a  pretty  village  with  two  fine 
cotton-mills.  The  Tredegar  Iron  ■  Works,  situated  on  the  river,  above  the  Armory, 
are  among  the  largest  in  the  country.  The  buildings  cover  16  acres  of  ground. 
The  Gallego  Flour- Mills  are  said  to  he  the  largest  in  the  world ;  they  can  turn  out 
1,600  barrels  of  flour  a  day. 


RICHMOND  TO  OHARI.BSTON. 

( fita  "  Atlantic  Coait  Line."    Distance,  087  m.    Time,  alraut  SS  lioani.) 

Orossiito  James  River  on  a  handsome  bridge,  the  trains  on  this  route  soon  reach 
Petersburg  (22  m.),  a  venerable  old  town  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Appomattox  River, 
famous  as  the  suene  of  the  last  great  struggles  during  the  late  civil  war.  Since  the 
war,  Petersburg  has  prospered,  and  the  marks  of  the  conflict  are  slowly  disappear- 
ing; but  the  fortifications  are  still  distinctly  traceable,  and  the  chief  battle-fields, 
etc.,  are  easily  found.  Weldon  (86  m.)  is  a  thriving  post-village  in  North  Carolina, 
at  the  hea<l  of  steamboat-navigation  on  Roanoke  River.  The  country  along  this 
portion  of  the  route  is  flat  and  uninteresting,  and  the  road  traverses  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  great  pine  belt  which  extends  from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Goldsboro 
(164  m.)  is  a  prosperous  town  of  5,000  inhabitants,  near  the  Neuse  River,  at  the 
head  of  navigation.  Wilmington  (248  m.),  the  largest  city  of  North  Carolina,  is  in 
the  S.  E.  extremity  of  the  State,  upon  the  Cape  Fear  River,  20  m.  from  the  sea.  It 
offers  few  attractions  to  the  traveler  in  search  of  the  pictures(]ue,  though  it  played  a 
part  in  the  drama  of  the  Revolution,  and  also  of  the  civil  war.  Fort  Fisher  lies 
below  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  Steamships  ply  weakly  between  Wilmington  and 
New  York.  From  Wilmington  to  Columbia,  the  country  is  of  the  same  featureless 
and  monotonous  character,  the  principal  stations  en  route  being  Florence  (352  m.) 
and  Sumter  (391  m.).  From  Camden  Junction  (404  m.)  a  branch  road,  88  m.  long, 
leads  to  Camden,  the  scene  of  two  Revolutionary  battles.  Cdiabia  (483  m.),  the 
capital  of  South  Carolina,  is  a  beautiful  city,  situated  on  the  bluffs  of  the  Congaree, 
a  few  miles  below  the  charming  falls  of  that  river.  It  was  famous  for  its  delight- 
fully-shaded streets,  and  its  wonderful  flower-gardens,  but  the  aspect  of  the  city  was 
greatly  changed  by  the  unfortunate  conflagration  which  consumed  so  large  a  part  ot 
it  during  its  occupation  by  General  Sherman's  forces,  in  1865.  The  State  Capitol, 
when  completed,  will  be  one  of  the  handsomest  public  buildings  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  Insane  Asylum  is  an  object  of  great  interest.  The  view  from  Ar- 
senal Hill  is  the  most  beautiful  in  this  portion  of  South  Carolina.  From  Columbia 
to  Charleston,  the  journey  will  give  the  traveler  some  inkling  of  the  lowland  feat- 
ures of  Southern  landscape,  though  not  in  its  most  interesting  character,  since  the 
country  is  level,  and  most  of  the  way  is  through  extensive  pine-forests.  There 
are  no  stations  on  the  route  calling  for  special  mention. 


|h  and  Capitol  Sto. ; 
,  Patrick  »  (Roman 
)  a  long,  low  build- 
of  political  meet- 
in  Riuhmontl,  the 
I  beauty,  in  the  W. 
■e  tract,  alternately 
),  and  flowers.    On 
of  Fr^isident  Mon- 
.  E.  B.  Stuart,  com- 
lof  hundreds  of  Con- 
mid  of  rough  stone, 
ity,  are  exceedingly 
river  connect  Rioh- 
llage  with  two  fine 
above  the  Armory, 
16  acres  of  ground. 
;  they  can  turn  out 


s  boon.) 

this  route  soon  reach 
Appomattox  River, 
jivil  war.  Since  the 
ire  slowly  disappear- 
le  chief  battle-fields, 
e  in  North  Carolina, 
le  country  along  this 
verses  a  considerable 
>  Florida.  Ooldsboro 
I  Neuse  River,  at  the 
North  Carolina,  is  in 
m.  from  the  sea.  It 
e,  though  it  played  a 
ar.  Fort  Fisher  lies 
'een  Wilmington  and 
the  same  featureless 
ag  Florence  (852  m.) 
ich  road,  88  m.  long, 
}«l«aUa  (433  m.),  the 
uifs  of  the  Congaree, 
imous  for  its  delight- 
jspect  of  the  city  was 
fied  BO  large  a  part  ot 
The  State  Capitol, 
dings  in  the  United 
The  view  from  Ar- 
na.  From  Columbia 
of  the  lowland  feat- 
'  character,  since  the 
pine-forests.    There 


CHARLESTON. 


OBAIUJBSTON. 


181 


(Baaldei  the  route  above  described,  Chirtecton  may  be  reacbed  b;  rail  (h>ni  Richmond  via  Dauvllle, 
Oreentborn,  Charlotte,  and  t^olnmbla.  Thla  route  i«  farther  Inland  and  allsbtlv  lonirer  tban  Uie 
other;  otherwlne  it  dllTani  Utile.  From  New  York,  Charleston  Is  reached  direct  via '' New  York 
and  Charleston  Btearoshlpn,"  leaving  Pier  S9,  North  Blver,  at  8  p.  a.,  on  Tneadajts,  Thundays,  aiv* 
Saturdays.  Time,  about  60  hours;  fate  [cabin],  |W.  From  Philadelphia  via  steamer,  (savinx 
Pier  4,  every  Friday.  Time  and  hro  same  as  Arom  New  York.  From  Baltimore  by  steamer  every 
Ave  days.    Time,  SO  hours  ;  Ikre,  116.) 

CHARLESTON,  the  chief  commercial  city  of  South  Carolina,  is  picturesquely 
situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ashley  and  Cooper  Rivers,  in  lat.  82°  46'  N., 
and  Ion.  79°  57'  W.  The  rivers  run  a  parallel  coivrse  for  nearly  6  m.',  widening  as 
thoy  approach  the  sea,  and  thus  gradually  narrowing  the  site  of  the  city  to  a  penin- 
sula. The  harbor  is  a  large  estuary,  extending  about  7  m.  to  the  Atlantic,  with  an 
average  width  i^  2  m.  It  is  landlocked  on  all  sides  except  an  entrance  of  about  a 
mile  in  width.  The  passage  to  the  inner  harbor  is  defended  by  four  fortresses.  On 
the  r.  at  the  entrance  is  Fort  Moultrie,  on  Sullivan's  Island,  occupying  the  site  of  the 
fort  which,  on  June  28,  1776,  beot  off  the  British  fleet  of  Sir  Peter  Parker.  On  the 
].,  raised  upon  a  shoal  in  the  harbor  and  directly  covering  the  channel,  is  Fort  Sum- 
ter, rendered  famous  by  the  part  which  it  played  in  the  opening  scene  of  the  civil 
war.    Immediately  in  front  of  the  city,  and  but  1  m.  from  it,  is  Castle  Pinckney, 


Charleston. 

covering  the  crest  of  a  mud-shoal,  and  facing  the  entrance.  A  fine  view  of  the  city 
is  obtained  in  entering  the  harbor  from  the  sea;  and,  as  it  is  built  on  low  and  level 
land,  it  seems  to  rise  from  the  water  as  we  approach,  whence  it  has  been  called  the 
"American  Venice."  The  corporate  limits  of  Charleston  extend  irom  Battery  or 
White  Point,  on  the  extreme  S.  verge  of  the  city,  to  an  arbitrary  line  on  the  N. 
about  3  m.  above.  Within  this  area  the  eMj  is  laid  out  with  tolerable  regularity, 
the  streets  generally  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The  houses  are  mostly  of 
brick  or  wood,  and  have  large  open  grounds  around  them.  There  are  few  regular 
blocks  or  rows  of  buildings,  and  no  uniformity ;  but  what  is  lost  in  this  respect  is 
gained  in  variety,  and  with  the  fine  gardens,  shade  and  fruit  trees,  creepers,  vines, 
the  magnolia,  the  oak,  the  cedar,  and  the  pride  of  India,  girdling  the  quaint  dwell- 
ing-houses, the  effect  is  highly  picturesque. 

Charleston  was  settled  in  1679  by  an  English  colony  nnder  William  Sayle,  who 
became  the  first  Governor.  It  played  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Revolution,  having 
been  the  first  among  the  chief  places  of  the  South  to  assert  a  common  cause  with 
and  for  the  colonies.  It  was  thrice  assaulted  by  the  British,  and  only  yielded  to  a 
six  weeks'  siege  by  an  overwhelming  force.  May  12,  1780.  It  was  the  leading  city, 
both  in  the  nullification  movement  during  Jackson's  administration  and  in  the  in- 
cipient stages  of  Southern  secession.    Op»n  hostilities  in  the  civil  war  began  at 


182 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAX  CITIES. 


m 


Mil 


Oharleston,  with  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Samter  on  April  12,  1801 ;  and  for  the 
next  four  years  it  wns  one  of  the  cliief  points  of  Federal  attack,  without  beinn  lost 
by  the  Confederates,  however,  antii  Sherman's  capture  of  Columliia  on  February  17, 
1866.  Durinf;  the  war  many  buildings  were  'lestroyod,  and  the  towers  and  steeples 
of  churches  riddled  with  shot  and  sliell.  binco  its  close  rapid  progress  has  been 
made  in  tiie  work  of  rebuilding,  and  Chirleston  is  now  more  prosperous  than  over. 
The  growth  of  population  has  been  as  follows:  In  1800  it  was  18,711;  in  1860, 
42,U86  ;  in  18*10,  40,610;  and  in  1870,  48,tf6B.  The  commerce  of  the  city  is  large, 
the  chief  exports  being  cotton  Tfor  which  it  is  one  of  the  chief  shipping-ports),  rice, 
naval  stores,  and  fertilizers.  '1  he  manufacture  of  fertilizers  from  tne  /aluable  beds 
of  marl  and  phosphate,  discovered  in  1868,  is  now  one  of  the  |>rincipal  industries ; 
but  there  are  also  flour  and  rice  mills,  bakeries,  carriage  and  wagon  factories,  and 
macliine-siiops. 

Halfis  Hd  BesUMraBts. — The  leading  hotel  is  the  CharUaton  Hotel  (|4  a  day), 
centrnlly  located  in  Meeting  St.,  between  Ilayne  and  Pinckney  Sts.  It  is  noted  for 
its  great  Htone  colonnade  and  piazza,  reaching  from  pavement  to  roof.  The  Mills 
Home,  also  in  Meeting  St.,  is  temporarily  closed.  The  Pavilion  Hotel,  cor.  Meeting 
and  Ilasel  Hts.  (#3  a  day),  and  the  Waverley  House  ($2.50  a  day),  in  King  St.  near 
Hasel,  are  unpretentious  but  comfortal)le  houses.  There  ore  few  restauranUi  in 
Charleston,  almont  none  deserving  the'name,  though  there  are  "lunch-rooms,"  with 
bars  attached.  The  best  of  these  are  in  East  Bay  St.  near  Broad,  and  in  King  St. 
near  Wentworth. 

Madcs  «f  CMvrjaafe, — Three  lines  of  horte-cara  traverse  the  city,  and  atford  easy 
access  to  the  chief  points  of  interest  (fare  lOc).  They  pass  through  the  principal 
streets,  from  the  Exchange  and  tlie  battery  to  the  upper  ends  of  Rutledge  Ave.  and 
Meeting  St.  Omnibwtes  are  in  waiting  at  the  depots  and  landings  on  the  arrival  of 
trains  and  steamers,  and  convey  passengers  to  any  portion  of  the  city  (fare  60c.). 
Livery-ttabUs  are  attached  to  the  different  hotels,  and,  though  the  charges  are  not 
aniform,  they  are  usually  moderate, 

Stncts  aid  Drives. — The  two  principal  streets  are  King  and  Meeting,  which  run 
N.  and  S.,  nearly  parallel,  the  whole  length  of  the  city,  but  converge  to  intersection 
near  the  northern  limits.  Elag  St.  contains  the  leading  retail  chores,  and  is  the 
fashionable  promenade.  The  jobbing  and  wholesale  stores  are  chiefly  in  Meeting  St. ; 
and  the  banks,  and  brokers'  and  insurance  offices,  are  in  Broad  St.  The  Battery  is 
a  popular  promenade,  lying  near  the  water's  edge,  and  commanding  an  extensive 
view  of  the  Bay ;  it  is  surrounded  by  fine  private  residences.  Fine  residences  are 
also  found  in  Meeting  St.  below  Broad,  in  Rutledge  St.  and  Ave.,  and  at  the  W. 
end  of  Wentworth  St.  The  roads  leading  out  of  the  city  along  the  Ashley  and 
Cooper  Rivers  are  singularly  beautiful,  and  afford  interesting  drives.  They  are  all 
riohly  embowered  in  loveliest  foliage ;  pines,  oaks,  magnolias,  myrtles,  and  jus- 
mines,  vying  with  each  other  in  tropical  luxuriance  and  splendor.  There  are  also 
fine  drives  on  Sullivan's  Island  (reached  by  ferry). 

PaMlc  aid  PraniMat  BilMlagg. — Several  of  the  most  important  of  these  are  olns- 
tered  at  the  intersection  of  Broad  and  Meeting  Sts.  On  the  N.  £.  corner  is  the 
City  Hall,  an  imposing  building,  entered  by  a  double  flight  of  marble  steps,  and 
standing  in  an  open  square.  The  Council-Chamber  is  handsomely  furnished,  and  con- 
tains some  interesting  portraits.  On  the  N.  W.  comer  is  the  Gourt-Houte,  a  substan- 
tial structure  of  brick,  faced  so  1:8  to  resemble  stone.  On  the  S.  E.  corner  stands  St. 
Michael's  Church,  which  will  be  described  further  on ;  and  on  the  S.  W.  comer  is 
the  Ouardhovse,  or  Police  Headquarters,  a  plain  brick  building,  with  a  colonnade  ex- 
extending  over  the  sidewalk  in  Broad  St.  The  force  is  semi-military  in  organization, 
and  is  composed  about  equally  of  whites  an4  negroes,  who  drill  with  Winchester 
rifles.  At  the  foot  of  Broad  St.  stands  the  Po»t-Offiee,  a  venerable  structure,  dating 
from  the  colonial  period,  the  original  material  having  been  brought  from  England 
in  1761.  It  was  much  battered  during  the  war,  but  has  since  been  renovated.  The 
new  Custom-Houte,  which  has  been  building  for  several  years  and  is  still  unfinished, 
is  situated  just  S.  of  the  Market-wharf,  on  Cooper  River.  It  is  of  white  marble,  in 
the  Roman-Corinthian  style,  and  will  be  the  finest  edifice  in  the  city.    A  noble 


-."i).-itiifei.^«?: 


m^&i&m, 


r*-si»S8i!S; 


CHABLESTON. 


188 


1861;  and  for  the 

without  beintr  lost 
>iu  on  February  17, 
tuwora  and  steeples 

progress  has  been 
uHperous  than  over. 
18,711;  in  1860, 
of  tlie  city  is  large, 
lipping-ports),  rice, 
n  tne  .aluable  beds 
rincipal  industries ; 

agon  factories,  and 

Hotel  (|4  a  day), 
Hh.  It  is  noted  for 
()  roof.  The  Mill* 
Hotel,  cor.  Meeting 
^•),  in  King  St.  near 
few  reetaurante  in 
lunch-rooms,"  witli 
)ad,  and  in  King  Ht. 

•ity,  and  afford  easy 
trough  the  principal 
f  Rntledge  Ave.  and 
igs  on  the  arrival  of 
the  city  (fare  60c.). 
tlio  charges  are  not 

Meeting,  whicl,  run 
V  erge  to  intersection 
il  stores,  and  is  the 
liiefly  in  Meeting  St. ; 
d  St.  The  BatteiT  is 
ending  an  extensive 

Fine  residences  are 
A.ve.,  and  at  the  W. 
long  the  Ashley  and 
Irives.  Tliey  are  all 
IS,  myrtles,  and  jns- 
idor.    There  are  also 

Eint  of  these  are  clus- 
e  N.  E.  corner  is  the 
)f  marble  steps,  and 
y  furnished,  and  con- 
urt-HouM,  a  substan- 
,  E.  corner  stands  St. 
1  the  8.  W.  comer  is 
with  a  colonnade  ex- 
itary  in  organization, 
Irill  with  Winchester 
able  stracture,  dating 
rought  from  England 
)een  renovated.  The 
ind  is  still  unfinished, 
8  of  white  marble,  in 
1  the  city.     A  noble 


view  is  obtainecl  ft-om  its  graceful  Corinthian  portico.  The  Charletton  Ctub-HouH 
is  an  elegant  building,  in  Meeting  St.  between  Broad  and  Tradd,  with  a  prettr  gar- 
den  in  front.  It  was  erected  before  the  war,  by  the  Carolina  Club  (which  won 
broken  up  by  tlie  war),  and  is  now  nsed  by  the  United  States  Courts.  The  VhaiH' 
her  qf  Vommerre  occupies  tlie  2d  and  8d  floors  of  a  liandsonie  bnilding  at  the  cor. 
of  Broad  and  East  Bay  Sts. ;  it  has  a  good  reading-room  and  a  restaurant  for  the 
use  of  the  members.  The  Aeademy  of  Mwtie,  cor.  King  end  Market  Sts.,  is  one  of 
the  finest  theatres  in  the  South.  It  is  60  by  281  ft.,  and  cost  tl60,(MX>.  Besides 
the  theatre,  with  accomroodations  for  1,200  persons,  it  contains  two  large  halls  for 
concerts,  lectures,  etc.  The  Maeonie  Temple  is  a  large  but  rather  fantastic  build- 
ing, at  the  cor.  of  King  and  Wentworth  Sts.  The  old  OryluuHllMHe,  standing  in  the 
midst  of  spacious  grounds,  between  Calhoun  and  Vanderhorst  Sts.,  is  the  most  im- 
posing edince  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  most  famous  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the 
country.  John  C.  Fremont,  once  a  candidate  for  the  presidency,  and  C.  C.  Mem- 
minger,  Confederate  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  were  educated  there.  A  statue  of 
William  Pitt,  erected  during  the  Revolution,  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  grounds. 
The  College  of  Vharleeton,  founded  in  1788,  has  spacious  buildings,  located  in  the 
eqnare  bounded  by  George,  Oreen,  College,  and  St.  Philip  Sts.  It  has  a  library  ot 
about  6,000  volumes,  and  a  valuable  museum  of  natural  history.  The  Medical  Col- 
lege, cor.  Queen  and  Franklin  Sts.,  and  Aofwr  Hotpital,  cor.  Queen  and  Mazyok 
Sts.,  are  large  and  handsome  ba'ldings,  the  latter  es|>eoially  so.  On  the  same 
square  with  these  two  are  the  City  Hotpital  and  the  County  Jail.  The  Workhouse, 
near  by,  in  Magazine  St.,  is  a  spacious  castellated  structure  in  the  Norman  style. 
The  Charleston  Library,  founded  in  1748,  has  a  plain  but  commodious  bnilding  at 
the  cor.  of  Broad  and  Church  Sts.  It  lost  heavily  in  the  fire  of  1861,  but  now 
contains  about  20,000  volumes.  The  South  Carolina  Society  Hall,  in  Meeting  St. 
near  St.  Michael's  Church,  is  a  substantial  structure,  with  colonnade  and  portioo, 
and  a  fine  interior.  Market  HiU,  in  Meeting  St.  near  the  Bay,  is  a  fine  building,  in 
temple  form,  standing  on  a  high,  open  basement,  having  a  lofty  portico  in  front, 
reached  by  a  double  fiight  of  stone  steps.  In  rear  of  this  building  are  the  markets, 
consisting  of  a  row  of  low  sheds  supported  by  brick  arches,  and  extending  to  East 
Bay  St.  Between  6  and  0  a.m.  these  markets  present  one  of  the  most  characteris- 
tic sights  that  the  stranger  can  see  in  Charleston. 

Ckarckes. — There  are  at  least  two  churches  in  Charleston  that  no  stranger 
should  fail  to  visit— St.  Michael's  and  St.  Philip's— both  Episcopal.  St  n«kMi*i 
is  at  the  S.  E.  corner  of  Broad  and  Meeting  Sts.  It  was  built  in  1762,  it  is  said 
from  designs  from  a  pupil  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren.  The  tower  is  considered  very 
fine,  and  the  situation  of  the  church  makes  the  spire  a  conspicnous  object  far  out  at 
sea.  Its  ishimes  are  celebrated  for  tiieir  age  and  sweetness.  During  the  siege  of 
Charleston,  in  the  late  war,  the  spire  was  a  mark  for  the  Federal  artillerymen ; 
but,  though  persistently  shelled,  it  was  struck  but  a  few  times,  and  then  only  with 
slight  iiyury.  The  view  from  the  belfry  is  very  fine,  embracing  the  far  stretch  of 
sea  and  shore,  the  fortresses  in  the  harbor,  the  shipping,  and  nearer  at  hand  bnild- 
ings  as  ancient  as  the  church  itself.  St.  Phillip's,  in  Chnrch  St.  near  Queen,  was  the 
first  church  establishment  in  Charleston ;  but  the  present  structure,  although  of 
venerable  age,  is  yet  not  quite  so  old  as  St.  Michael's.  The  view  from  the  steeple  is 
fine ;  but  there  is  a  keener  interest  in  the  graveyard  than  even  in  the  old  church 
itself,  for  here  lie  South  Carolina's  most  illustrious  dead.  In  the  portion  of  the 
graveya''^  that  lies  across  the  street  is  the  tomb  of  John  0.  Calhoun.  It  consists 
of  a  plain  granite  slab,  supported  by  walls  of  brick,  and  for  inscription  has  simply 
the  name  of  "  Oalhodn."  St.  MnJbanr'e  Cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  or  rather  the 
ruins  of  it  (for  the  building  was  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1861),  is  at  the  cor. 
of  Broad  and  Friend  Sts.  It  was  one  of  the  most  elegant  edifices  in  Charleston, 
and  the  walls,  turrets,  and  niches,  still  standing,  are  highly  picturesque.  The 
Citadel  Square  Baptist  Church,  cor.  Meeting  and  Henrietta  Sts.,  is  a  fine  bnilding, 
in  the  Norman  style,  with  a  spire  220  ft  high.  The  Central  Pretbyterian,  in  Meeting 
St.  near  Society,  has  an  elegant  Corinthian  portico  with  8  columns.  The  Unita- 
rian Church,  in  Archdale  St.  near  Queen,  is  a  fine  spesunen  of  the  perpendicular 
10 


\ 


\ 


184 


.HAND-BOOK  Of  AMBBICAN  CITIES. 


Gothic  style,  niid  i<a»  a  very  rich  Interior.  The  new  German  Lutheran  Chvreh,  in 
King  St.  u|t|io«l'i.e  the  Citadel,  U  a  liandHonie  huildioK,  in  the  Uotliio  atyle,  with 
lofty  and  ornate  npiro.  Urare  Churrh  ( Epiitropal),  in  Wi-ntworth  8t.,  lit  the  miift 
faaliionnhlc  in  the  rity.  The  <iM  llugumot  O'hureA,  cor.  Cliiircli  and  Queen  Htn.,  is 
worlliy  of  a  vii>lt,  if  for  no  otiier  iiiirpOHe,  to  aee  the  quaint  and  elegant  mural  entab- 
latnreit  with  which  it*  walU  arc  lined. 

Nabirkii. — .luHt  (lutnide  <>f  the  city,  on  the  N.  boundary,  is  Magnolia  Ctmttery 
(reached  liy  liorMo-cnrH).  It  iit  embowered  in  inaitnoliait  and  live-oakH,  In  tastefully 
laid  out,  and  contains  Honie  flnv  monuments,  of  which  tlie  moHt  noteworthy  ore  those 
to  Colonel  Wm.  WHshingtoii,  of  Huvolutionnry  fume,  Hugh  Legarfi,  uiil  vi .  Uilmore 
Himms,  tlie  noveliMt.  In  n  vault  repose  the  remains  of  Lieutenant  Vanderliost,  whose 
ooffln,  shroudeil  with  the  I'nion  Jack,  may  be  Heen  through  the  lattice-door  of  the 
tomb. — Of  the  ol<l  planters'  houses  that  stood  along  the  Ashley,  but  one  remains, 
and  that  is  abandoned.  Jh-ayton  Hall  i«  n  large  brick  mansion,  standing  in  the 
centre  of  grounds  of  a  park-like  cliaracter.  The  rooms  are  wainscoted  from  floor 
to  ceiling,  the  fireplaces  are  lined  witli  old-fashioned  colored  tiles,  and  the  mantels 
are  richly  carved ;  iiut  the  liuilding  was  never  entirely  flnished,  for  the  owner  lost  the 
bride  for  whom  it  was  designed,  and  since  then  it  has  stood  in  its  incompleteness  a 
memorial  of  his  loss.     The  mansion  is  now  occupied  bv  negroes.     Its  ])arlor  is  a 

Kanary,  its  wainscot  is  badly  marred,  and  the  rare  colored  tiles  of  its  fireplaces 
ive  been  in  |mrt  carried  off  by  predatory  hands.  A  few  miles  farther  up  the  river 
are  the  ruins  of  the  celebrated  Middhton  Place,  once  one  of  the  most  beantlAil 
plantations  in  '^outli  ('arolina.  The  scenery,  the  flowers,  hedges,  and  shrubbery, 
the  undergrowth  and  noble  oaks,  the  ponds  and  lakes,  the  pict\ires(|ue  old  tonibfi — 
these  still  remain,  but  it  is  melancholy  to  contemplate  that  all  the  ruin  which  one 
sees  around  him  was  caused  by  the  unsparing  hand  of  war.  Visitors  frequently 
make  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Hpot  in  order  to  gratify  their  curiosity,  and,  if  reports  are 
tme,  the  house  has  suflered  greatly  from  their  unsc.  cpulous  desire  for  relics.  Per- 
haps the  most  interesting  spot  in  the  neighborhoo<l  of  CUiarleston  is  the  old  Ckuch 
91  8t>  JaBM  on  (ioose  Creek  (reached  by  carriage,  or  by  Northeastern  K.  R.  to 
Porcher's  Ktation,  16  m.).  It  is  situated  in  the  very  heart  of  a  forest,  is  approached 
by  a  road  little  better  than  a  bridle-path,  and  is  entirely  inolated  from  habitations 
of  any  sort.  The  church  was  built  in  ITUi  ^nd  was  saved  from  destruction  during 
the  Revolutionary  War  l>y  the  royal  arms  of  England  that  are  emblazoned  over  the 
pulpit.  The  floor  is  of  stone,  tlie  pews  are  square  and  liigh,  the  altar,  reading-desk, 
and  pulpit,  are  so  small  as  to  seem  like  ndniatures  of  ordinary  church-flztures,  and 
on  the  walls  and  altar  are  tablets  in  memory  of  the  early  members  of  'he  congrega- 
tion. One  dates  from  1711  and  two  from  1717. — A  short  distance  from  the  church, 
on  the  other  side  of  tlie  main  road,  is  a  farm  known  as  the  The  Gate,  from  the 
magnificent  avenue  of  those  trees  by  which  it  is  a])proached.  The  trees  are  believed 
to  be  nearly  200  years  ohl ;  they  have  attained  great  size,  and  for  nearly  i  nt.  form 
a  continuous  arch  over  the  broad  road. 

A  day  or  two  may  be  profitably  spent  in  visiting  the  various  points  of  interest 
In  the  harbor:  Fort  Siimter,  which  is  picturesque  even  in  its  ruins;  James  Jtland, 
with  its  ruined  plantations  and  crumlding  fortifications;  Mount  Pleamnt,  once  a 
popular  summer  resort,  l>ut  now  filled  witli  moss-grown  and  rotting  houses;  and 
Sullitan'B  Island,  whicli  is  fast  becoming  the  "  Long  Branch  "  of  South  Carolina,  and 
already  contains  many  handsome  cottages  and  some  attractive  drives.  A  steam- 
boat plies  regularly  every  hour  between  the  city,  Mount  Pleasant,  and  Sullivan's 
Island,  and  on  the  latter  is  a  line  of  horse-cars. 


OHAIULB8TON  TO  SAVANNAH. 

( Fid  Savannah  A  Cbarluaton  R.  B.    Distance,  lOT  m.    Tlmr,  7  brf .) 

Tbib  road  runs  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Atlantic  coast  line,  though  never  io 

sight  of  the  ocean.    For  miles  the  rails  are  laid  on  piles,  passing  through  marsh  and 

morass,  and  crossing  swift-rushing,  dirty  streams,  dignified  by  the  name  of  rivers, 

and  baptized  with  anpronounceable  Indian  names.    There  are  no  towns  of  impor> 


— U ,j 


^ 


SAVANNAH. 


18S 


utheran  Chvreh,  in 
(iothlo  atyle,  witb 

rth  Ht.,  In  the  iixirt. 
nnd  Queen  HtH.,  i» 

li't(ant  mural  entab- 

Miif/nolia  Ceviettry 

e-uaks,  Ih  tditefully 

uteworthv  are  thou 

are,  uijI  W.  Olhiiore 

Vanderliost,  whute 

«  lattico-iluor  of  the 

hut  one  roniains, 

ion,  standing  in  the 

ainHootvd  from  floor 

It'H,  and  tlie  mantels 

or  tho  owner  lost  the 

itH  inconiplvteneM  a 

(K>H.     Its  parlor  is  a 

tiles  of  its  fl  replaces 

B  farther  up  the  river 

f  tho  most  beu<itif\il 

(Iftes,  and  shrubbery, 

tnrescjue  old  tonibf — 

the  ruin  which  one 

Visitors  frequently 

y,  and,  if  reports  are 

I'oire  for  relics.     I'er- 

ston  is  the  old  Ckwfh 

ortheastern  K.  R.  to 

forest,  is  approached 

[ated  from  habitations 

\>m  destruction  during 

I  emblazoned  over  the 

je  altar,  reading-desk. 

y  church-fixtures,  and 

hers  of  she  congrega- 

ance  from  the  church, 

e  Thg  Oah,  from  the 

The  trees  are  believed 

i  for  nearly  i  nt.  form 

lous  jtoints  of  interest 
I  ruins ;  Jamem  hlandy 
wunt  Pleasant,  once  a 
I  rotting  houses;  and 
of  South  Carolina,  and 
ive  drives.  A  steam- 
teasant,  and  Sullivan's 


DP,  7  bn.> 
line,  though  never  in 
ing  through  marsh  and 
)y  the  name  of  rivers, 
re  no  towns  of  impor- 


tance on  the  line,  but  the  scenery  in  wild  and  rich.  ExtenNive  nine-forests,  lofty 
cyproHseK,  wreutho<l  in  garluiids  of  pendent  uiosm,  the  liay  and  ttie  laurel,  draped 
with  the  vines  of  the  wild-grupu  and  of  ivy,  and  hu^o  oakM  that  have  nUxmI  the  wear 
liu  I  tear  of  centuries,  lino  the  road  on  either  side.  Nol)le  uvenr.cs  are  created  by 
these  foroNt  giants,  and  pendent  from  tlieir  »talw»rt  liiiihH  Imutu  long  festoons  of 
tiioHs  an<l  "inu,  dimly  veiling  the  vista  beyond.  Flowers  grow  in  profUsion,  and 
give  variety  and  heuuty  to  the  ^reeu  shades  of  the  loaves  and  pliint*. 

SAVANNAH. 

.  sml  Anjriirta, 
Oa.    Knim  Nuw  York  there  nrw  iitaiiini>ra  llirau  I  Intra  ■  wni>k  ;  no  Tii<«iKlajr»  rmm  Plur  IS  Rail  River, 


(HavaDnah  may  hv  reaclicl  by  rail  dlrnct  fruni  KIchmond  rla  Danville,  Ohariolte,  N.  C. 
Oa.    Knim  New  York  there  are  iitaiiiners  Ihrau  llmra  ■  wni>k  ;  no  Tiiendajr*  rmm  Plui 
OD  Tbandayr  and  Hatiirdayn  rmm  Plur  H  North  Klver.  al  8  ■*.  ■.    '^Iinr,  alxiDt  IM)  lira. ;  hrt  IcaMiiji 
$n.    There  are  alru  Kt«ariiuri<  lo  Hnvannab  rmm    i'lilladt'ijilila  it-very  hatiinlavl  and  fmm   Balll- 
more  (thrve  timea  a  month).    Kara  rrom  Philadelphia,  $W ;  from  Hallluiore,  $IA.) 

H«lclii  The  Sere  fen  Iloiut,  on  Johnson  8<|iiuro  (|4  adiiy);  tlie  I'vlatki  Uoum, 
in  Bryan  St.,  Johnson  Smiaro  (|4a(liiy)-  the  Marihall  Home,  \n  Hroughton  Ht. 
(IB  a  day);  and  the  Patilion  Hotel  (%'A  a  duy). 

^J  AVANN  AH,  tho  chief  city  of  Georgia,  is  situated  on  tho  8.  hank  of  tho  .'^avannah 
i^  River,  IH  m.  from  its  mouth.  Tho  site  was  selected  by  (iuneral  Oglethorpe,  the 
founder  of  tho  colony  of  (ioorgia,  who  made  his  first  sottlenieni  at  this  point  in 
February,  1788.  Tho  city  occupies  a  bold  blutt',  about  40  ft.  high,  extending  along 
the  river-bank  for  a  mile,  and  backward,  widening  as  it  rec 'des,  iil>out  0  m.  The 
river  making  a  gentle  curve  around  Hutchinson's  Island,  Hie  water-front  of  the 
(dty  is  in  the  shape  of  an  elongated  crescent  about  2^  m.  in  length.     Tho  corporate 


Savannah. 

limits  extend  back  on  the  elevated  plateau  about  U  m.,  the  total  area  of  tlio  city 
being  8|  sq.  m.  In  its  general  plan.  Savannah  is  universally  conceded  to  be  one  of 
the  handsomest  of  American  cities.  Its  streets  are  brobd  and  beautifully  shaded, 
they  crosseach  other  at  right  angles,  and  at  iiany  of  the  principal  crossings  are  small 
public  squares  cr  parks,  from  1^  to  8  acres  in  extent.  These  parks,  24  in  number, 
located  at  equal  distances  through  the  city,  neatly  inclosed,  laid  out  in  walks,  and 
planted  with  tho  evergreen  and  ornamental  trees  of  the  South,  are  among  the  most 
oharacteristio  features  of  Savannah;  and,  in  the  spring  and  summer  months,  when 
they  are  carpeted  with  grass,  nnd  the  trees  and  shrubbery  are  in  full  foliage,  afford 


i 


186 


IIAND-B4K)K  or  AMRRIOAN  CITIES. 


<le1i.Q;)itAi1  ahndy  wnllcN,  iitul  plHjrgrotiiula  fur  the  cliildren,  while  they  nre  not  only  or- 
nnniontnl,  hut  uondiicivo  to  tho  Kuoi'rul  heiilth  l>y  the  free  ventilHtiun  which  they 
•fTorO.  lIiHin  tlie  large  "truat-luti,"  fuiir  ul'  whioh  front  un  enoh  of  theiki  wiunreii 
(S  on  the  h.  iiml  2  on  the  W.),  many  of  the  puhllc  ctlillceii  and  |iiiliitiul  (irivnte  reiti- 
uentH'M  of  the  city  are  hiiilt.  The  renldenceH  are  iiioNtly  Nurroiinded  hy  Howur-gardent, 
which  itiooiii  throiiglioiit  the  year;  and  among  tlie  Hhruhhery,  in  whik-h  the  city  in 
literally  eml)owere<l,  are  the  orange-tree,  tlie  hanana,  the  magnolia,  tno  hay,  the 
laurel,  the  <'a|io-myrtU<,  the  stately  palmetto,  the  olive,  tlie  flowering  oleander,  and 
the  iNimogranate. 

Savannah  wom  founded,  aa  we  have  Keen,  In  i78B.  In  1776  thi-  HritUh  attacked 
it  and  were  repulMed;  hut  on  Deremher  2U,  1778,  tliuy  reappeared  in  overwhelming 
force  and  took  pomeHHion  of  ttio  city.  In  Octolier,  1779,  tiie  comhined  French  and 
Americana  attempted  to  recapture  it,  hut  were  unNuoccM<fiil,  and  (  ount  ruiaitki  fell 
in  the  engagctiient.  Savannah  received  a  city  charter  in  1780.  In  1800  it  liad  16,- 
812  inliahitantH ;  in  IHttil,  22,202 ;  and  in  1870,  2H.285.  The  chief  liuaineH*  of  the 
place  is  tlie  receipt  and  shipment  of  cotton,  though  the  trade  in  lumber  is  also  con- 
siderable. As  a  cotton  port  it  ranks  second  in  the  United  StatcH.  It  recovered 
rapidly  from  tlie  effect  of  tho  civil  war,  and  its  commerce  haH  since  about  doubled. 
The  chief  manufacturing  establishments  are  pianing-mills,  founderies,  and  flouring 
and  grist  mills. 

Tlie  great  warehouses  of  the  city  are  located  on  a  narrow  street  at  the  foot  of 
the  steep  blutf;  they  open  below  on  the  level  of  the  ])ierB,  and  from  the  uppermost 
story  on  the  other  side  upon  a  sandr  area  200  tl.  wide  and  divided  by  rows  of 
trees.  This  is  called  the  Bay,  and  is  the  great  commercial  mart  of  Havannah.  The 
principal  business  streets  and  promenades  are  Bull,  Drayton,  and  Broad  Hts. 
Among  the  noteworthy  public  buildings  are  tho  new  granite  Ctutom-Jfovte,  which 
also  contains  tlie  Poit-Ojfie*,  cor.  Bull  and  Bay  Hts.;  tho  City  Exchange,  in  iVont 
of  which  General  Sherman  reviewed  his  army,  January  7,  1806;  the  Conrt-HouM, 
Theatre,  State  Amenal,  Artiiiery  Armoty,  and  Jail.  St.  Andrew't  Hall  and  the 
Chatham  Academy  uro  ooiiitplcuoas  buildmgs.  From  the  tower  of  the  Exchange 
the  best  view  of  the  city  and  neighborhood  is  to  be  had.  The  building  on  the  N. 
E.  cor.  of  Bull  and  Hroughton  Sts.,  known  as  the  Matonic  Hall,  is  interesting  as  the 

[daoe  where  the  Ordinance  of  Secession  was  passed,  Jan.  21,  1801.  Four  years 
ater  (Dec.  28,  1864),  a  meeting  of  :>itizens  was  hold  in  the  same  apartment  to  com- 
memorate the  triumph  of  the  Union  arms.  Among  the  interesting  relics  of  tho  past 
history  of  Savannah  are  the  building  in  which  the  Colonial  Legislature  held  its  ses- 
sions, in  S.  Broad  St.  near  Drayton,  and  the  mansion  of  the  (ruvernor  of  (icorgia 
during  the  occupation  of  the  city  by  the  British,  which  stands  in  Broughton  St. 
The  Market  presents  an  animated  and  oharaotoristic  spectacle  in  the  early  morning. 
Tho  Oeorgia  Historical  Society  has  a  large  and  beautiful  hall,  in  which  are  a  fine 
library  and  some  interesting  relics.  Of  the  church  ediflcos  the  Episcopal  Churches 
of  St.  John'i  a  ad  Chritfi  are  the  most  striking.  The  former  is  in  the  Gothic,  the 
latter  in  the  Ionic  style.  The  lofty  spire  of  the  Independent  Presbyterian  Church 
is  Qiuch  admired.  This  church  is  built  of  Quincy  granite,  and  cost  $180,000. 
IVinily  Church  stands  in  Johnson  Square,  near  the  spot  where  John  Wesley  deliv- 
ered his  famous  sermons. 

The  most  attractive  place  of  public  resort  is  FwRyth  Park,  an  inclosure  of  80 
acres  in  the  S.  part  of  the  city.  It  is  shaded  by  some  venerable  old  trees,  is  laid 
out  in  serpentine  walks,  and  ornamented  with  evergreen  and  flowering  trees  and 
shrnbs.  In  tlie  centre  is  a  handsome  fountain,  after  the  model  of  that  in  the  Place 
do  la  Concorde,  Pons.  la  Johnson  or  Monument  Square,  near  the  centre  of  the 
city,  is  a  flne  Doric  obelisk,  erected  to  the  memory  of  General  Greene  an.'  Count 
Pulaski,  the  oorner-stone  of  which  was  laid  by  Lafayette,  during  his  visit  in  1826. 
The  PakuU  MMiaeit  stands  in  Chippewa  Square,  and  is  one  of  the  most  chaste  and 
perfect  specimens  of  monumental  architecture  in  tlie  United  States.  The  steps  are 
plinths  of  granite ;  the  shatl  is  of  purest  marble,  66  ft.  high,  and  is  surmounted  by 
an  exquisitely-carved  statue  of  Liberty,  holding  the  national  banner.  The  mona- 
ment  appropriately  covers  the  spot  where  Pulaski  fell,  during  an  attack  npon  the 


MOBILR. 


187 


toy  (ire  not  only  or- 
—ilntiun  which  thu> 
rh  of  thttio  wiunre* 
iihitiul  |)rivnte  roiti- 
I  hy  Howur-Ksnlcni, 
in  wliivli  thu  city  in 
inoliH,  tiio  l>ay,  the 
itriii|(  uloandor,  and 

tht  Itritiiili  nttncked 
vd  in  ovvrwhehiiing 
)inhin«d  Fri>no>i  nnu 

1  (  uiint  rulnnki  tell 
In  1800  it  liad  Ifi,- 
hlot'  huHinvHii  of  tlie 

lumber  l«  nlso  con- 
ItfttcH.  It  recovered 
iince  about  doubled, 
nderles,  and  Houring 

treet  at  the  foot  of 
from  the  uppermost 
divided  by  rows  of 
t  of  Hnvannali.     The 
ton,   and   Broad  St». 
Viutom-JIatM,  which 
'y  Exchange,  in  front 
U8  ;  the  Court- Ifovse, 
ulrew't  Hall  and  the 
ker  of  the  Exchange 
he  building  on  the  N. 
I,  U  interoHting  as  the 
1,  18(11.     Four  yearn 
me  apartment  to  com- 
tting  relies  of  the  past 
e)(ixlature  held  its  ses- 
(fovernor  of  Georgia 
nds  in  Broughton  St. 
in  the  early  morning. 
I,  in  which  are  a  fine 
lie  Episcopal  Churches 
jr  is  in  the  Gothic,  the 
t  Presbpterian  Church 
9,  and  cost  |1 80,000. 
»re  John  Wesley  deliv- 

rk,  an  inclosure  of  80 
arable  old  trees,  is  laid 
id  flowering  trees  and 
el  of  that  in  the  Place 
jear  the  centre  of  the 
eral  Greene  an.^  Count 
iring  his  visit  in  1825. 
Df  the  most  chaste  and 
,  States.  The  steps  are 
,  and  is  surmounted  by 
al  banner.  The  monu- 
ng  an  attack  upon  the 


I'lty  while  it  was  (MHMipiod  by  the  Rritlih,  In  1770.     It  waa  constructed  by  I.auntti, 
of  Now  York,  at  a  coHt  <if  |a2,(MKl,  gold. 

Though  built  upiin  a  sandy  idain.  Savannah  is  not  without  suburban  attractions, 
there  being  several  places  in  itx  vicinity  whose  sylvan  cliarncter  and  pictures<|uo 
Iteauty  are  in  keeping  with  the  "  Forest  City  "  itxelf.  ThuhderlK>lt,  Isle  of  Hope, 
Keaulien,  Mcmtgoiuery,  and  White  HlutT,  are  all  rural  retreats  on  "The  Salts," 
within  short  driving-di.>tan<H(  of  the  city,  where,  in  the  summer  months,  bracing  sea- 
lireezos  and  Nuit-watitr  bathing  may  bo  et\)oyc4i.  The  great  drive  is  to  iMMivnitin 
Oaftrry,  which  \x  situated  on  WarsMW  River,  a  branch  of  the  Savannah,  about  4  m. 
from  the  city.  The  scenery  of  Honaventure  has  long  been  renowned  for  Its 
Arcadian  l)eauty.  A  hundro<l  years  ago  the  seat  of  the  Tatnalls,  a  wealthy 
KuKlish  family,  the  grounds  arounil  thu  mansion  were  laid  oiit  in  broad  avenues, 
an<l  planted  in  native  live-oaks.  Those  trees,  long  wince  fully  grown,  stand  like 
iiiasNive  cidnnms  on  either  side,  while  their  far-reaching  branc-hcs,  interlacing  over- 
liead  like  tlic  frilletl  roof  of  some  vast  cathedral,  the  deep  shade  of  tlu  ir  ever^(reon 
foliage  Nhutting  out  the  sky  above,  and  the  long,  gray  moss-drapery  depending  from 
the  leafy  canopy,  silent  and  still,  or  gently  swaying  in  the  breeze,  git"3  to  the  scene 
a  weird  and  strangely  sombre  aspect,  at  once  pictur  s<|uc  and  solemn.  A  more 
beautiful  or  more  approjiriate  home  for  the  dead  than  ii  the  shades  of  these  green 
forest-aisles  cannot  well  be  imagine  '.  Thunderbolt,  the  favorite  summer- resort,  is 
on  the  Warsaw  River,  1  m.  beyond  Honaventuru.  According  to  local  tradition, 
this  place  received  its  name  troiij  the  fall  of  a  thunderbolt.  A  spring  of  water 
whicii  issued  from  the  spot  upon  that  event  has  continued  to  flow  ever  since.  Jnt- 
per  Spring,  2}  m.  W.  of  the  city,  is  the  seene  of  the  famous  R>jvolutionary  exploit 
of  Sergeant  .lasper,  who,  with  only  one  companion,  successfully  assailed  u  British 
guard  of  eight  men  and  released  a  party  of  American  prisoners. 

SAVANNAH   TO  MOBILXI. 

( 17(1  Onorgls  ('cintrsl,  Allaiiln  A  Wvki  I'ulnr.  Wiwtem,  and  Mobllii  A  Montitomerjr  Rillwsjr*.    I>l«UDce, 
6M  ni.    Thnru  iiru  no  thr(>iiKli-traliii>,  and  tlie  Irsvelrr  will  havu  to  coniult  local  ttme-tabli'K  i 

This  route  passes  thron  the  most  productive  and  thickly-settled  districts  of 
(ioorgia  and  Alabama,  an<l  >  ill  enable  the  traveler  to  see  many  of  the  most  charac- 
teristic itspects  of  Southern  inland  scenery,  which,  if  not  strikingly  picturesque,  is 
generally  |ileasing.  Numerous  towns,  some  of  them  very  pretty,  cluster  along  the  line, 
liut  there  are  only  two  or  three  of  sufticiont  importance  to  re(|uire  sf>ecial  mention. 
Nmm  (190  m.),  one  of  the  most  prosperous  and  populous  cities  of  (ieorgia,  is  prettily 
situated  on  the  Ocmulgee  River.  It  contains  upward  of  10,000  inhabitants,  is  the 
sit?  of  several  important  iron-founderies,  motdnne-shops,  and  flour-mills,  is  regu- 
larly laid  out  and  well  built,  and,  like  Savannah,  is  embowered  in  trees  and  shrub- 
bery. AUaita  (208  ni.)  is  the  capital  of  Georgia,  and,  next  to  Savannah,  the  largest 
and  most  important  city  in  the  State.  It  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  railroad-system 
centring  there,  and  is  rather  Morttiem  than  Southern  in  character.  It  is  pictu- 
resquely situated  upon  hilly  ground,  and  has  some  flne  scenery  in  its  neighborhood, 
but  possesses  little  to  interest  the  tourist.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  State- 
Honse  (from  the  cupola  of  which  a  flne  view  is  obtained),  the  City -Hall,  the  Kim- 
biill  House,  and  the  Union  Passenger  Depot.  MMtgaaery  (408  m.)  is  the  capital  of 
AlabAma,  and  the  second  city  of  the  State  in  size  and  commercial  importance.  It 
is  situated  on  the  Alabama  River,  was  founded  in  1817,  had  10,088  inhabitants  in 
1870,  and  has  a  sort  of  fame  as  the  flrst  capital  of  the  Confederate  States.  The 
only  noteworthy  buildinK  is  the  State-House,  which,  though  small,  is  an  imposing 
structure.  It  is  situated  on  Capitol  Hill,  and  from  its  dome  an  extended  view  is 
obtained.  

mobHiB. 

(Mobile  Is  reached  direct  flrom  New  Tork  via  Baltimore,  Richmond,  Danville.  Charlotte,  Angosta, 
Atlanta,  and  MontKomerr.  Distance,  1,864  m.  ;  time,  7S  lioiin* ;  fare,  $4080.  AIro  tna  "Oreat 
Honthem  Hall  Roote."  Baltimora,  Waahloaton,  Lynchbure,  Bristol,  Knozvllle,  Dallon,  Rome,  and 
Montgompry.  Distance,  1.378  m. ;  time.  S  oajri  19  hours  ;  fare,  $40JtO.  PaoRengera  from  the  Wett 
can  reach  Mobile  via  Loalsvtlle,  NavhTillc,  and  Chattanooga.  > 

1 1   The  Battle  House  ($4  a  day),  cor.  Royal  and  St.  Francis  Sts.,  is  the 

leading  hotel,  and  almost  the  only  one  worthy  the  name. 


I 


138 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


MOBILE,  ttie  largest  city  and  only  seaport  of  Alabama,  is  situated  on  tho  W. 
side  of  the  Mobile  River,  immediately  "bove  its  entrance  into  Mobile  Bay, 
30  m.  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lat.  80°  451  N.  and  Ion.  88°  W.  Its  site  is  it 
sandy  plain,  rising  as  it  recedes  from  the  river,  and  bounded,  at  the  distance  of  a 
few  miles,  by  high  and  beantifal  hills.  The  corporate  limits  of  the  city  extend  6  m. 
N.  and  8.  and  2  or  3  m.  W.  from  the  river.  The  thickly-inhabited  part  exten<!8 
for  about  a  mile  along  the  river,  and  nearly  the  same  distance  back  toward  the 
hills.  It  is  laid  out  with  considerable  regularity,  and  the  etroett  x.rc  generally  well 
paved  and  delightfully  shaded.  Six  lines  of  Lorse-canj  traverse  tlie  city,  and  n 
water-supply,  of  unusual  purity  and  excellence,  is  brought  from  Spring  Mill,  6  m. 
distant.  Ou  Mobile  Point,  a  short  distance  below  the  city,  is  a  lighthouse,  the  lan- 
tern of  which  is  55  ft.  above  the  sea-level.  Fort  Morgan  (formerly  Fort  Bowyer), 
and  Fort  Gain^,  a  formidable  fortress,  opposite  Dauphin  Island,  command  the 
entrance  to  the  harbor.  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  JJlakely,  and  Batteries  Gladden, 
Traci/,  Mcintosh  and  Huger,  are  passed  on  Mie  Tensas  River,  from  Mobile  to  Pol- 
lard ami  Montgomery.  Large  numbers  of  salUng-vessels  ply  between  Mobile  and 
New  Orleans,  the  ports  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Atlantic  coast.  A  daily 
line  of  steamers  runs  to  New  Orleans  by  way  of  lakes  Borgne  and  Pontchartrain ; 
also  up  the  Alabama  River  to  Montgomery  iand  other  points. 

Mobile  was  the  original  sent  of  French  colonization  in  the  Southwest,  and  for 
many  years  the  capital  of  the  colony  of  Louisiana.  Historians  ditfer  as  to  the  pre- 
cise date  of  the  foundation,  though  it  is  know,  that  a  settlement  was  mftde  a  little 
above  the  present  site  of  the  city  at  least  as  early  as  1702.  Many  of  the  first  set- 
tlers were  Canadians.  In  1723  the  seat  of  the  colonial  government  wfts  transferred 
to  New  Orleans.  In  1763,  Mobile,  with  all  that  portion  of  Louisiana  lying  E.  of  the 
Mississippi  and  N.  of  Bayou  Iberville,  Lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain,  passed  into 
the  possession  of  Great  Britain.  In  1780  England  surrendered  it  to  Spain,  and  that 
Government  made  it  over  to  the  United  States  in  1813.  It  was  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1819,  the  population  being  then  about  800.  Mobile  was  one  of  the  last  points  in 
the  Confederacy  occupied  by  the  Union  forces  daring  the  late  war,  and  was  not 
finally  reduced  uiitU  April  11,  1865,  three  days  after  the  surrender  of  General  Lee. 
On  August  5,  1864,  the  harbor  fortifications  were  attacked  by  Admiral  Farragut, 
who  ran  his  fleet  past  the  forts,  destroyed  the  Confederate  fleet,  including  the  ram ' 
Tennessee,  reduced  the  forts,  and  closed  the  harbor  against  blockade-runners,  though 
he  failed  to  capture  the  city  itself.  The  trade  of  Mobile  ia  much  hindered  by  the 
shallowness  of  its  harbor.  Vessels  drawing  more  than  8  or  10  ft.  are  obliged  to  an- 
chor in  the  bay,  25  m.  or  more  from  the  eity ;  but  improvements  are  now  in  prog- 
ress which  it  is  hoped  will  enable  vessels  of  13  ft.  of  water  to  reach  the  wharves. 
The  chief  business  is  the  receipt  and  shipment  of  cotton,  of  which  from  825,000  to 
350,000  bales  are  dispatched  annually.  The  manufactures  include  carriages  and 
furniture,  paper,  founderies  and  machine  shops,  and  a  brewery. 

Government  Street  is  the  finest  avenue  and  favorite  promenade  of  the  city.  It 
is  shaded  by  superb  oak-trees,  and  is  bordered  by  fine  residences  surrounded  by 
luxuriant  gardens.  The  Public  Square,  between  Dauphin  and  St.  Francis  Sts.,  is 
also  a  place  of  much  resort.  It  is  adorned  with  live-oaks  and  olher  shade-trees. 
The  Cuton-Hoase,  which  also  contains  the  Post-  Qfice,  at  the  cor.  of  Royal  and  St.  Fran- 
cis Sts.,  is  the  finest,  largest,  and  most  costly  public  edifice  in  the  city.  It  is  built  of 
granite,  and  cost  $250,000.  The  Theatre  and  the  Market- House,  with  rooms  in  the 
npper  story  for  the  municipal  oflScers,  are  in  Royal  St.  The  Battle  House  presents 
an  imposing  facade  of  painted  brick,  immediately  opposite  the  Custom-House.  Odd- 
Fellows''  Hall,  in  Royal  St.,  and  Temperance  Hall,  cor.  St.  Michael  and  St.  Joseph 
Sts.,  are  conspicuous  buildings.  Adjoining  Odd-Fellows'  Hall  is  the  Bank  of  Mobile, 
with  a  stately  colonnade  and  portico.  Barton  AcadeHy,  in  Royal  St.,  is  a  large  and 
handsome  building  surmounted  by  a  dome.  Of  the  church  edifices  the  most  notable 
are  the  Cathedral  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  (Roman  Catholic),  in  Claiborne  St. 
between  Danphia  and  Oonti ;  Christ  Church  (Episcopal),  cor.  Church  and  St. 
Emanuel  Sts. ;  Trinity  (Episcopal)  with  massive  campanile  and  belfry ;  and  the 
First  Presbyterian,  cor.  Government  and  Jackson  Sts.    The  principal  charitable  in- 


,"'y^^iii%?^^-  ■'-'-    -'-'^■■»  "•"••••• 


'■ff"'*'^''"'');"g»**W 


i'-  A/ri^f tii;iri,^  .,'2«& 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


13C 


litnnted  on  tho  W. 

into  Mobile  Bay. 

W.  Its  site  is  li 
.  the  distance  of  a 
le  city  extend  6  m. 
)ited  part  extenils 

l)nck  toward  the 

MTP  generally  well 
se  the  city,  and  a 

Spring  Hill,  0  m. 
lighthouse,  the  lan- 
erly  Fort  Bowyer), 
and,  comiuand  the 
Batteries  Oladden, 
com  Mobile  to  Pol- 
Btween  Mobile  and 
tic  coast.  A  daily 
and  Pontchartrain ; 

Southwest,  and  for 
liffer  as  to  the  pre- 
it  was  inftde  a  little 
any  of  the  first  set- 
lent  was  transferred 
siana  lying  E,  of  the 
hartrain,  passed  into 
it  to  Spain,  and  that 
as  incorporated  as  a 
le  of  the  last  points  in 
:e  war,  and  was  not 
ider  of  General  Lee. 
y  Admiral  Farragut, 
it,  including  the  ram ' 
kade-runners,  though 
uch  hindered  by  the 
ft.  are  obliged  to  an- 
nts  are  now  in  prog- 
0  reach  the  wharves, 
lich  from  325,000  to 
nclude  carriages  and 

nade  of  the  city.  It 
ences  surrounded  by 
d  St.  Francis  Sts.,  is 
id  Other  shade-trees, 
ot  Royal  and  St.  Fran- 
he  city.  It  is  built  of 
f«e,  with  rooms  in  the 
Battle  Home  presents 
Dustom-IIouse.  Odd- 
ohael  and  St.  Joseph 
8  the  BonJc  of  Mobile, 
ral  St.,  is  a  large  and 
ifices  the  most  notable 
olio),  in  Claiborne  St. 
Dor.  Church  and  St. 
and  belfry;  and  the 
•incipnl  charitable  in- 


stitutions are  the  City  Hotpital,  the  United  State*  Marine  ffotpital,  four  Orphan 
Asylums,  and  the  Providence  Infirmary.  MohiU  Academy  is  a  flourishing  institntiop 
with  a  fine  building,  in  Oovernment  St.  near  Ann.  The  Medical  College  is  also  a 
prosperoas  institution. 

i^pring  Hill  is  a  pleasant  suburban  retreat  fl  miles  west  of  the  city  (reached  by 
the  St.  Francis  St.  cars).  The  College  of  St.  Joseph,  a  Jesuit  institution,  is  located 
here.  It  was  founded  in  1832  by  Bishop  Portier,  and  has  a  fine  building  875  ft.  long 
surmounted  by  a  tower  from  which  noble  views  may  be  obtained.  The  college  has 
a  library  of  8,000  volumes  and  a  valuable  collection  of  scientific  apparatus.  A  statue 
of  the  Virgin  Mary  "  rought  from  Toulouse,  France,  stands  in  rear  of  the  building. 
The  (iilf  Sljell  BwmI  affords  a  delightful  drive,  9  m.  in  length,  along  the  shore  of 
the  bay. 

MOBILEI  TO  NEW  ORI.EANS. 

(Via  New  Orleani),  Mobile  tt,  Texas  f*si\iitLj.    Dietancn,  140 m.    Time,  7  brs.) 

*'  XoTHiNo  in  lowland  scenery,"  sajs  Mr.  Edward  King,  in  his  "  Great  South," 
"  could  be  more  picturesque  than  tha;  afforded  by  the  ride  fVoni  New  Orleans  to 
Mobile,  over  the  Mobile  &  Texas  Railroad,  whicii  stretches  along  the  Gulf  line  of 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Alabama.  It  runs  through  savannahs  and  brakes,  skirts 
the  borders  of  grand  forests,  offers  here  a  glimpse  of  a  lake  and  there  a  peep  at  the 
blue  waters  of  the  noble  Gulf;  now  clambers  over  miles  of  trestle-work,  as  at  Bay 
St.  Louis,  Biloxi  (the  old  fortress  of  Bienville's  time)  and  Pascagoula;  and  now 
plunges  into  the  very  heart  of  pine-woods,  where  the  foresters  are  busily  building 
little  towns  and  felling  giant  trees,  and  where  *li  3  revivifying  aroma  of  the  forest  is 
mingled  with  the  fresh  breezes  from  the  sea." 

NOW  ORI.BAN8 

(Now  Orleant )«  reached  direct  from  New  York  by  rail  via  "  Great  Sonthern  Mali  Bonte : "  Baltlmon, 
Washington,  Lynchbare,  Bristol.  Knoxrille,  Rome,  Montgomery,  and  Mobile.  Dliitance.  1^406  m. ; 
tlme.TSnra.;  nire,t4S.M).  AlsomlaprecedinKroDte  toKnozvllle;  thence  via  Chattanooga,  Corinth, 
Meridian,  and  Mohfle.  Distance,  l,SS<t  m.;  time,  80  hrs.;  fare,  $49.B0.  By  steiime.'  nrom  New  York 
on  Wednesdays  [from  Pier  31  East  Riverl  and  Satardays  [ttota  Pier  Sand  Pier  9  North  River]. 
Time,  7  days;  dare  [cabin],  $no.  From  Fhiladelphia  na  semi-monthly  Stuamers,  tonchins  at 
Havana.  Time,  11  dav»;  fare, $60.  From  Baltimore  via  semi-monthly  sleamen>,  touching  at  Ha- 
Tana  antl  *^ey  West.  Time.  8  days ;  fare,  $80.  Fram  Pittsbarg,  Cincinnati,  or  8t.  Lonls,  via 
steamer  down  the  Misaissippl  Rirer.    From  Loaisville  by  rail,  via  Memphis  and  Jackson.) 

""^T  EW  ORLEANS,  the  capital,  chief  city,  and  commercial  metrojiolis  of  Louisiana, 
_i\|  is  situated  on  both  banks  (but  chiefly  on  the  left)  of  the  Mississippi  River,  100  m. 
above  its  mouth,  in  'at.  29°  67'  N.  and  Ion.  90°  W.  The  older  portion  of  the  city  is 
built  within  a  great  bend  of  the  river,  ttom  which  circumstance  it  derives  its  familiar 
tobriquet  of  the  "  Crescent  City."  In  the  progress  of  its  growth  up-stream,  it  has 
now  so  extended  itself  as  to  follow  long  curves  in  opposite  directions,  so  that  the 
river-front  on  the  1.  bank  presents  an  outline  somewhat  resembling  the  letter  S.  The 
statutory  limits  of  the  city  embrace  an  area  of  nearly  160  sq.  m.,  but  the  actual  city 
covers  an  area  of  about  41  sq.  m.  It  is  built  on  land  gently  descending  from  the  river 
toward  a  marshy  tract  in  the  rear,  ai\d  from  2  to  4  ft.  below  the  level  of  the  river  at 
high-water  mark,  which  is  prevented  from  overflowing  by  a  vast  embankment  of 
earth,  called  the  Levee.  Thia  iev<,e  \b  15  ft.  wide  and  4  ft.  high,  is  constructed  for  a 
great  distance  along  the  river-bank,  and  forms  a  delightful  promenade  during  the 
fall  and  winter  months. 

The  site  of  New  Orleans  was  surveyed  in  1717  by  De  la  Tour;  "t  was  settled  in 
1718,  but  abandoned  in  consequence  of  overflows,  storms,  and  sickness;  v/as  reset- 
tled in  1728,  held  by  the  French  till  1729,  the;  by  the  Spanish  till  180!,  and  by  the 
French  again  till  1803,  when,  with  the  province  of  Louisiana,  it  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1804,  and  in  1868  was  made  the 
capital  of  the  State.  The  most  memorable  events  in  the  history  of  New  Orleans 
are  the  battle  of  Jan.  8,  1816,  in  which  the  British  were  defeated  by  Andrew  Jack- 
son, and  the  capiure  of  the  cit>  by  Admiral  Farragut  on  April  24,  1862.    In  1810, 


140 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


seven  years  after  ita  cesHion  to  the  United  States,  the  population  of  New  Orleans 
waa  17,248.  In  1850  it  had  increased  to  11«,375 ;  in  1860,  to  168,676 ;  and  in  1870, 
to  191,418.  In  1875  local  authorities  estimated  it  at  about  210,000. — In  the  value 
of  its  exports  and  its  entire  foreign  commerce  New  Orleans  ranks  next  to  New  York, 
thouffh  seve.al  ports  surpass  it  in  the  valr.e  of  imports.  Not  unfreqnently  from 
1,000  to  1,500  steauiers  and  flat-boats  may  be  seen  lying  at  the  Luvee;  and,  except 
in  the  smniiier  months,  ^t»  wharves  are  thronged  with  hundreds  of  ships  and  sailing- 


New  Orleans.  ' 

cr.^ft  from  nil  quarters  of  the  globe.  New  Orleans  is  the  chief  cotton-mart  of  the 
world ;  and,  besides  cotton,  it  sendp  abroad  sugar,  tobacco,  flour,  pork,  etc.,  to  the 
total  value  in  1874  of  $93,715,710.  Its  imports  of  cotfee,  sugar,  salt,  iron,  dry- 
goods,  liquors,  etc.,  amounted  in  18/4  to  "$14,533,804.  The  manufactures  of  the 
city  are  not  extensive. 

Hotcta,  RegtaurutB,  aid  Oibs.— The  St.  Gharim  Hotel,  bounded  by  St.  Charles, 
Gravier,  and  Common  Hts.,  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  New  Orleans,  and  one  of  the 
largest  and  finest  hoteis  in  the  United  States  (|5  a  day).  The  St.  Lonu  is  located 
in  St.  Louis  St.  between  Iloynl  and  Cluirtres,  in  the  French  quarter.  It  once  hold  the 
same  hij^h  rank  as  the  St.  Charles,  but  since  1874  it  bus  been  used  as  a  State-House. 
The  old  dining-hall  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  country,  and  the  great 
inner  circle  of  the  tiome  is  richly  frescoed  with  allegorical  scenes  and  busts  of  emi- 
nent Americans.  Vac  St.  Jame»  ($4  a  day),  in  Magazine  St.,  between  Gravier  and 
Natchez,  is  a  large  and  comfortable  house.  The  City  Hotel  ($4  a  day),  cor.  Camp 
and  Common  Sts.,  is  much  frequented  by  merchants  and  planters. 

Ot  restaurants  New  Orleans  is  said  to  have  the  best  in  America;  in  many  of 
them  is  practised  the  famous  creole  cuisine  of  ante-war  times.  The  most  noted 
are  Moreau's,  in  Canal  St. ;  Victor's,  38  and  40  Bourbon  St. ;  John's,  16  and  i8 
Bourbon  St. ;  ArJoine's,  65  St.  Louis  St. ;  Deneehaud's,  8  Carondelet  St. ;  and 
MeCloskey''*,  70  and  72  St.  Charles  St.  In  the  French  (inarter  cxffes  are  to  be  found 
in  nearly  every  block. 

There  are  about  20  clubs  in  the  city,  p'  -eminent  among  which  are  the  Boston, 
Pickwick,  Shakespeare,  and  Jockey  Clubs.  The  Jockey  Club  htm  a  beautiful  house 
and  highly  decorated  and  cultivated  grounds  near  the  fair-srroundH.  The  ShaJce- 
upeire  Club  gives  occasional  dramatic  entertainments  whicii  are  always  largely  and 
fashionably  attende<l.  The  privileges  of  these  as  well  as  of  the  Social  Club  are 
obtained  by  introduction  by  a  member. 

Modes  of  CoBTCfanee.— //or«e-cAr«  aiford  easy  means  of  access  to  all  parts  of  the 


^v^m-ik^riM^uMm^^ss^h.^-'--^  ^M4^>4>,^.^.w- -.-^^-aa^^ai^i^^ 


[1  of  New  Orleans 
676;  and  in  1870, 
000.— In  the  value 
next  to  New  York, 
unfreqnently  from 
Aivee;  and,  except 
f  ships  and  suiling- 


'  cotton-mart  of  the 
ur,  pork,  etc.,  to  tlie 
gar,  salt,  iron,  dry- 
nanufactures  of  the 

ded  by  St.  Charles, 
leans,  and  one  of  the 
I  St.  Lonh  is  located 
er.  It  once  held  the 
led  as  a  State-House, 
mtry,  and  the  great 
es  and  busts  of  emi- 
>etween  Gravier  and 
^4  a  day),  cor.  Camp 
srs. 

America ;  in  many  of 
IS.  The  most  noted 
;  John's,  16  and  i8 
^arondelet  St. ;  and 
ettf'es  are  to  be  found 

lich  are  the  Boston, 
\nf.  A  beautiful  house 
roundn.  The  Shake- 
e  always  largely  and 
the  Social  Club  are 

s  to  all  parts  of  the 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


141 


city  and  to  the  principal  suburbs  (fare  from  6  to  7  cts.).  Omnihvu»  attend  the 
arrival  of  trains  and  steamers,  and  convey  passengers  to  the  hotels,  etc.  (fare  60  cts.). 
Carriages  can  be  found  at  the  stands  in  front  of  the  St.  Charles  and  other  leading 
hotels.  Fare  $2  an  hour;  $6  for  the  forenoon  or  afternoon.  The  best  plan  for 
strangers  is  to  hire  a  suitable  conveyance  by  the  hour  and  discharge  at  the  end  of 
each  trip.  Ferries  connect  the  city  with  Algiers,  Macdonough,  and  Gretna,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  river. 

Stncto  aid  Drives. — The  streets  of  New  Orleans,  in  width  and  goncrnl  «p|)earnnoo, 
b.*e  second  to  those  of  no  city  of  its  size.     As  far  back  as 


fX^-i'.- 


Claiborne  St.  those  running  parallel  to  the  river  and  to  £ 
eacii  other  present  an  unbroken  line  from  the  lower  to  the  * 
ufiper  limits  of  the  city,  a  distance  of  about  12  u\.    Tiiose  at  - 
right  angles  to  them  run  from  the  Mississippi  toward  the 
lake  with  more  regularity  tlian  might  be  expected  from  ^ 
the  very  sinuous  course  o^'  the  river.    Many  of  the  streets  §^ 
are  well  paved  and  some  arc  shelled ;  bnt  many  are  unpaved  "^4 
and  consequently  scarcely  uxable  in  wet  weather,  while  in  j_ 
dry  weather  they  are  intolerably  dusty.    Some  of  the  finest  "' 
streets  of  the  city  are  in  this  condition.    Canal  8t>  is  the 
main  business  thoroughfare  and   promenade,  and  contains 
many  fine  stores  und  private  residences.     It  is  nearly  200  ft. 
wide,  and  has  a  grass-plot  25  ft.  wide  and  bordered  with 
two  rows  of  trees,  extending  in  the  centre  through  its  whole 
length.    Claiborne,  Rain|>art,  St.  Charles,  and  Esplanade 
Sts.,  a^e  similarly  embellished.     Royal,  Hampart,  and  Es- 
plunade  Sts.,  are  the 
principal  prome- 
nades of  the  French 
(|uarter. — The  favor- 
ite drive  is  out  the 
Shell  Road  to  Lake 
Pontchartrain,    past 
the  celebrated    Me- 
tairie  race-track.    It 
presents    a    highly- 
animated     spectacle 
on     Sunday     after- 
noons. 

Pabiic  nA  Prmnl- 
MBt  BidMiBgg.— New 
Orleans  is  not  rich 
in  architecture,  but 
there  are  a  few  im-  t;«nai  Street. 

posing  buildings.  Chief  among  these  is  the  CwttB-Hpwe,  which,  next  to  the 
Ca[>itol  at  Washiagton,  is  the  largest  building  in  the  United  States.  This  noble 
structure  is  built  of  Qnincy  granite  brought  from  the  Massachusetts  quarries.  Its 
main  front  on  Canal  St.  is  384  ft. ;  that  on  Custom-IIouse  St.,  252  ft. ;  on  the 
new  Levee,  310  ft,  and  on  the  old  Levee,  297  ft.  Its  height  is  82  ft.  The  Long 
Room,  or  chief  business  apartment,  is  116  by  90  ft.,  and  is  lighted  by  60  windows. 
The  building  was  begun  in  1848,  and  is  not  yet  entirely  finished.  The  Post-Offiee 
occupies  the  basement  of  the  Custotn-House,  and  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  and 
commodious  in  the  country.  The  U.  S.  Branch  Mint  stands  at  the  cor.  of  Espla- 
nade and  New  Levoe  Sts.  It  is  built  of  brick,  stuccoed  in  imitation  of  brown-stone, 
in  the  Ionic  style,  and,  being  282  ft.  long,  180  ft.  deep,  and  three  stories  high,  presents 
an  imposing  appearance.  No  coining  has  been  done  there  since  the  war,  but  Con- 
gress has  taken  steps  to  recontmence  operations.  The  window,  under  the  front 
Eortico  of  the  main  building,  from  which  Mninford  was  hung  by  order  of  Genernl 
lutlev,  Ji:ne  7,  1862,  is  still  pointed  out.    The  Ctt;  Hall,  at  the  intersection  of  St. 


■i»ii<i"<»B«iiiliWiMiii]L;'aiM'iiillti'>W..^^ 


142 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


United  Stated  Mint. 


Oharles  and  Lafayette  Sta.,  is  the  most  artistic  of  the  public  .  uildings  of  „hi  city. 
It  is  of  white  marble,  in  the  Ionic  style,  with  a  wide  and  high  flight  of  granite  steps 

leading  to  an  ele- 
gant portico  sup- 
ported by  eight  ool- 
unms.  The  State 
and  City  Libraries 
occupy  suitable 
rooms  in  this  build- 
ing. The  Court' 
H<nue»  are  on  the 
r.  and  1.  of  the  Ca- 
thedral, in  Jackson 
Square.  They  were 
constructed  toward 
the  close  of  the  last 
century,  through 
the  liberality  of  the 
founder  of  the  Ca- 
thedral, Don  Andre 
Almonaster,     and 

are  conspicuous  for  their  quaint  style  of  architecture,  which  is  Tusco-Doric.  The 
City  PrUoiu,  which  comprise  a  county  jail  and  a  police  jail,  are  in  Orleans  and 
Ann  Sts.,  opposite  the  Market-Place.  They  are  of  brick  plastered  to  imitate 
granite,  and  three  stories  high.  The  MerehanW  Esrehange,  a  han<lsome  marble 
structure  in  Royal  St.  near  Canal,  was  formerly  a  place  of  great  resort,  but  since 
the  removal  of  the  Post-OiBcc  to  the  Custom-House  its  glory  has  departed,  and 
it  exists  now  in  little  more  than  name.  Magonie  Hall,  cor.  St.  Charles  and  Perdido 
Sts.,  is  an  imposing  edifice,  103  by  100  ft.  Odd-Fellows'  Hali  is  a  massive 
square  structure  at  the  cor.  of  Camp  and  Lafayette  Sts.,  facing  Lafayette  Square. 
It  is  of  brick,  stuccoed  and  painted  white,  four  stories  high,  and  cost  $210,000. 
On  the  second  floor  is  the  £nest  concert-hall  in  the  South.  Exposition  Hall  is 
a  spacious  building  in  St.  Charles  St.,  between  Julia  and  Girod,  in  which  are  given 
floral  displays  and  other  exhibitions.  Th'e  St.  Charles  and  St.  Louis  Hotels,  which 
are  among  the  largest  and  finest  edifices  in  the  city,  have  already  been  men- 
tioned. The  former  has  a  spacious  balcony  and  portico,  lofty  and  handsome  Corin- 
thian pillars,  and  a  large  and  tasteful  rotunda.  The  Mechanics''  Institute,  in  Dryades 
St.  near  Canal,  is  amon^t  the  finest  buildings  in  this  city.  The  Pontalba  Buildings 
are  immense  brick  structures  occupying  the  E.  and  W.  sides  of  Jackson  Square, 

Tkeatres  aid  Places  af  AaucaMit. — The  French  Opera-House,  cor.  Bourbon  and 
Toulouse  Sts.,  is  a  well-arrunged  building  of  modern  construction.  It  has  seats  for 
2,000,  and  is  fitted  up  in  the  style  of  the  Th6&tre  Fran^nis,  Paris.  The  Academy  of 
Music,  in  St.  Charles  St.,  between  Perdido  and  Commercial  Sts.,  is  the  usual  place 
for  star  performances.  The  St.  Charles  Theatre,  in  St.  Charles  St.,  between  Per- 
dido and  Poydras,  is  handsomely  appointed,  and  has  a  good  company.  The  Nation- 
al (or  Olohe)  Theatre  is  at  the  cor.  of  Perdido  and  Baronne  Sts. ;  and  the  Varieties 
Theatre,  in  Canal  St.  Besides  the  theatres,  there  are  a  score  or  more  of  halls  in 
which  entertainments  of  various  kinds  are  given.  The  principal  of  these  are  the 
Masonic  Hall.  Odd- Fellows''  Hall,  and  Exposition  Hall,  previously  mentioned;  aS'*. 
Patrick'' s  Hall,  in  Camp  St.,  opposite  Lafayette  Square;  and  QrQnewald  Hall,  in 
Baronne  St.,  near  Canal.  Horse-raees  occur  at  Metairie  Race-course  and  Oakland 
Race-course  (both  reached  by  Shell  Road). 

Chirches. — The  most  famous  church  edifice  in  New  Orleans  is  the  old  Cf  thedral  tf 
irt.  L«Kl8  (Roman  Catholic),  which  stands  in  Chartres  St,,  on  the  E.  side  of  Jacitson 
Square.  It  has  an  imposing  fapade  surmounted  by  a  lofty  steeple  and  flankea  by 
two  towers,  each  surmounted  by  a  smaller  steeple.  The  foundation  was  laid  in 
1793,  and  the  building  completed  in  1794,  by  Don  Andre  Almonaster,  perpetual 
regidor  of  the  province.    It  was  altered  and  enlarged  in  1850,  from  designs  by  De 


iildingg  of  JLi  city, 
'ht  of  grankte  steps 
pading  to  an  ele- 
ant    portico    sup- 
orted  by  eight  coi- 
nins.      The    State 
,nd  City  Libraries 
0  0  n  p  y     suitable 
ooms  in  ttiis  build- 
ng.      The     Court- 
iHoiuea  are  on  the 
|r.  and  1.  of  tlte  Ca- 
thedral, in  Jaolcson 
Square.    They  were 
constructed  toward 
the  close  of  the  last 
century,  tiirough 
the  libertdity  of  the 
founder  of  the  Ca- 
thedral, Don  Andre 
Almonaster,     and 
Tnsco-Doric.    The 
are  in  Orleans  and 
>lastered  to  imitate 
a  hantlsome  marble 
eat  resort,  but  since 
y  has  departed,  and 
Dharles  and  Perdido 
Hali  is  a  massive 
ig  Lafayette  Square. 
,  and  cost  $210,000. 
Exposition  Hall  is 
I,  in  which  are  given 
Louis  Hotels,  which 
I  already  been  men- 
md  handsome  Corin- 
Imtitute,  in  Dryades 
)  Pontalba  Buildingt 
'  Jackson  Square. 
w,  cor.  Bourbon  and 
;ion.     It  has  seats  for 
ris.    The  Academy  of 
its.,  is  the  usual  place 
les  St.,  between  Per- 
mpany.     The  Nation- 
». ;  and  the  Varietiet 
'e  or  more  of  halls  in 
;ipal  of  these  are  the 
ously  mentioned;  St. 
OrMewald  Hall,  in 
3-course  and  Oakland 

I  is  the  old  Cf  theiral  tf 

lie  £.  side  of  Jackson 
teeple  and  flanked  by 
>nndation  was  laid  in 
Unionaster,  perpetual 
),  from  designs  by  De 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


148 


Lonilly.  The  paintings  on  the  roof  of  the  building  are  by  Canova  and  Rossi.  The 
Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  (Jesuit),  cor.  Baronne  and  Common  Sts.,  is  a 
striking  edifice  in  the  Moorish  style  of  architecture.  High  mass,  both  her"  and  at 
the  Cathedral,  at  10  o'clock  every  Sunday.  St.  Patricft  (Roman  Catholic)  is  a  fine 
Gothic  structure  in  Camp  St.,  N.  of  I^fayette  Square.  Its  tower,  190  ft.  high,  was 
modeled  after  that  of  the  famous  minster  at  York,  England.  The  church  of  SL  J*lu 
tbe  Baptist,  in  Dryades  St.,  between  Clio  and  Calliope,  which  was  opened  in  1872,  is 
a  very  elegant  building.  The  most  fashionable  Episcopal  churches  are  Trinity,  cor. 
Jackson  and  Coliseum  St»>.,  and  St  Pad's,  cor.  Camp  and  Gaiennie  Sts.  The  latter 
is  a  handsome  npecimen  of  the  Gotiiic  style,  and  has  a  rich  interior.  Annunciation 
Church,  overlcoking  Annunciation  Square,  is  a  tine  edifice.  The  oldest  of  the  Epis- 
copal organizations,  dating  back  to  1806,  is  Chriet  Church,  cor.  Canal  and  Rampart 
Sts.  The  first  Prcsbytcriu,  fronting  on  Lafayette  Square,  is  a  tine  structure  in  the 
Greco-Doric  style,  much  admired  for  its  elegant  steeple.  The  AfeOhee  Church,  in 
Carondelet  St.,  near  Lafayette,  is  the  principal  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  churches 
South.  The  Unitarian  Church,  cor.  St.  Charles  and  Julia  Sts.,  is  a  handsome  build- 
ing. The  Teaple  8lul  (Jewish  synagogue),  in  Carondelet  St..  near  Calliope,  is  one 
of  the  finest  places  of  worship  in  the  city.  Party-colored  bricks  and  pointing  give 
its  walls  a  light,  airy  appearance,  and  it  has  a  handsome  portico,  flanked  by  two 
towers  capped  with  tinted  cupolas.  The  Gothic  windows  are  filled  with  beautifully 
stained  glass.  St.  Antoine^H  Chapel,  cor.  Rampart  and  Conti  Sts.,  is  generally  known 
as  the  "  Mortuary  Chapel,"  all  tuneral  ceremonies  of  resident  Catholics  being  per- 
formed here.  One  of  the  most  interesting  relics  of  the  early  church  history  of  New 
Orleans  is  the  old  Ursuline  Convent,  in  Cond^  St.  This  quaint  and  venerable  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1787,  during  the  reign  of  Carlos  III.,  by  Don  Andre  Almonaster. 
It  is  now  occupied  by  the  bishop,  and  is  known  as  the  "  Bishop's  Palace." 

EdicfetlMUl  and  CkariUUe  lutltatttM.— The  IFalvcnity  cf  LwIsImu  is  in  Common 
St.,  near  Baronne,  and  occupies  the  entire  front  of  the  block.  Only  two  depart- 
ments, law  and  medicine,  have  been  organized,  but  these  are  of  a  very  high  order, 
and  are  largely  attended.  The  Medical  College,  which  stands  in  the  centre  of  the 
block,  has  a  facade  of  100  ft.  It  contains  a  large  anatomical  museum,  and  extensive 
and  valuable  collections  of  many  kinds.  Straight  Univertity  is  exclusively  for  col- 
ored students,  and  gives  instruction  of  good  grammar-school  grade.  There  are  80 
public  schools,  and  numerous  private  ones,  mostly  Roman  Catholic. 

The  Charity  HasplUI,  in  Common  St.,  between  St.  Mary's  and  Gironde,  is  one  of 
the  noblest  buildings  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  roost  famous  institutions  of  the  kind 
in  the  country.  It  was  founded  in  1784,  has  stood  on  its  present  site  since  1832, 
and  has  accommodations  for  600  patients.  The  H6tel  Lieu,  X  m.  farther  back  ftx)m 
the  river,  is  a  very  fine  hospital  established  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  and  supported 
entirely  by  receipts  from  patients,  some  of  whom  are,  nevertheless,  beneficiary.  It 
occupies  a  full  square,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  well-kept  garden  of  shrubbery  and 
fiowers.  The  Maieon  de  Sante,  cor.  Canal  and  Claiborne  Sts.,  long  one  of  the  most 
noted  infirmaries  of  New  Orleans,  is  now  deserted,  and,  like  the  U.  S.  Marine  Hos- 
pital (cor.  Common  and  Broad  Sts.),  which  has  not  been  used  since  1860,  is  rapidly 
falling  into  decay.  Other  prominent  charitable  institutions  are  the  Poydrat  Female 
Orphan  Asylum,  in  Magazine  St.,  the  St.  Anna's  Widows'  Asylum,  the  St.  Vincent 
Orphan  Asylum,  the  Indigent  Colored  Orphan  Asylum,  and  the  German  Protestant 
Asylum.  The  ruins  of  the  Touro  Almshouse,  burned  during  the  war  by  colored 
troops,  who  had  used  it  for  barracks,  occupy  a  prominent  locale  on  the  Levee  at  the 
S.  end  of  the  city. 

FiMIc  Spurts  aid  CcBeteries. — There  are  10  public  squares  in  the  city,  most  of 
them  inclosed  with  iron  railings,  but  some  barely  more  than  in  embryo.  The 
largest  of  these  i^nclosures  is  the  City  Park,  near  the  N.  E.  boundary  (reached  by 
Canal  St.  and  Ridge  Road  cars).  It  embraces  150  acres,  tastefully  laid  out,  but  is 
little  frequented.  Jacbsra  S^ure  (formerly  known  as  the  Place  d^Armes),  covering 
the  centre  of  the  river-front  of  the  old  Town  Plot,  now  First  District,  is  the  favorite 
reso)  ,.  It  is  adorned  with  beautiful  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  shell-strewn  paths, 
and  in  the  centre  stands  Mills's  equestrian  statue  of  General  Jackson.    The  imposing 


144 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


f^\ 


fronts  of  tlie  oatliedral  and  conrtM  of  justice  itre  seen  to  great  advantage  from  the 
river-entrance  to  the  square.  Lqfayette  Square,  in  tiie  Second  District,  bounded  by 
St.  Oharles  and  Camp  Sts.,  is  another  handsome  inclosuro.  The  fine  marble  front 
of  the  City  Ilall,  tlie  tapering  spire  of  tiie  Presbyterian  Church,  and  the  massive  fa- 
cade of  Odd-Fellovrs'  Iiall,  present  a  strilcing  appearance.  In  the  square  is  a  fine 
white-marble  statue  of  Franlclin,  l>y  Hiram  Powers.  In  Canal  St.,  between  St. 
Charles  and  Royal,  is  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of  Ileury  Clay,  by  Hart.  Dovghu 
Square  is  beautifully  laid  out  and  well  kept.  AnnuneUttiun  Square  and  TivoH  Circle, 
at  the  head  of  St.  Charles  St.,  are  worth  a  visit.  There  are  some  handsome  private 
residences  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  former. 

The  Cemeteries  of  New  Orleans  are  noteworthy  for  their  unique  arrangement 
ond  peculiar  modes  of  interment.  From  tlie  nature  of  the  soil,  which  is  semi-flnid 
at  a  depth  of  2  or  3  ft.  below  the  surface,  all  the  tombs  are  aboveground.  Home 
of  these  are  very  costly  and  beautiful  structures,  of  marble,  iron,  etc. ;  but  the 
great  majority  consist  of  cells,  placed  one  above  another,  generally  to  the  height  of 
7  or  8  ft.  Each  cell  is  only  large  enough  to  receive  the  coffin,  and  is  hermetically 
bricked  up  at  its  narrow  entrance  as  soon  as  the  funeral  rites  are  over.  In  most 
instances  a  marble  tablet,  appropriately  inscribed,  is  placed  over  the  brickwork  by 
which  the  vault  (or  "  oven,"  as  it  is  called  here)  is  closed.  There  are  88  cemeteries 
in  and  near  the  city ;  of  these  the  Cypress  Grove  and  Greenwood,  on  the  Metairie 
Ridge,  at  the  N.  end  of  Canal  St.,  are  best  worth  visiting.  St.  Louis  Cemetery  No. 
1,  at  tlie  cor.  of  Basin  and  St.  Louis  Sts.,  contains  some  fine  monuments,  of  which 
the  more  notewortliy  are  the  vaults  of  the  '*  Soci6t6  Fran^aise  de  Bienfaisance," 
"  Orleans  Battalion  of  Artillery,"  and  "  Italian  Benevolent  Society."  The  last  is  of 
white  marble,  and  is  (me  of  the  mrst  beautiful  structures  of  its  kind  in  the  country. 

The  Markets  aad  the  Lcvcc. — Tlie  great  "  sight "  of  New  Orleans,  and  perhaps  the 
most  picturesque  to  be  seen  in  America,  is  the  French  Market,  which  comprises 
several  buildings  on  the  Levee,  near  Jackson  S(]uare.  The  best  time  to  visit  it  is 
between  8  and  9  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning,  or  at  tt  a.  m.  on  other  days.  At  break 
of  day  the  gathering  commences,  and  it  would  seem  as  if  all  nations  and  tongues 
were  represented  in  the  motley  crowd  which  surges  ip  and  out  until  near  10  o'clock. 
The  noise,  far  from  being  unpleasant,  however,  is  musical  to  the  stranger's  ears; 
and  nowhere  else  will  he  find  such  an  infinite  variety  of  articles  exposed  for  sale. 
Fruits  are  especially  abundant  and  varfons,  embracing  all  the  products  of  both 
temperate  and  tropical  regions,  and  the  flowers  are  wonderful  to  behold.  French 
is  the  prevailing  language,  and  it  will  be  heard  in  every  variety,  from  the  silvery 
elegance  of  the  polished  Creole  to  the  childish  jargon  of  the  negroes.  The  Letee 
afibrds  the  visitor  one  of  the  most  striking  and  characteristic  sights  of  tjhe  Crescent 
City.  For  extent  and  activity  it  has  no  equal  on  the  continent.  The  best  points 
from  which  to  obtain  a  view  of  the  city  and  its  environs  are  the  roof  of  the  St. 
Charles  Hotel  and  the  tower  of  St.  Potrick's  Church. 

Sakirbs. — The  Battle-Jield,  the  scene  of  General  Jackson's  great  victory  over  the 
British,  Jan.  8, 1815,  is  the  most  interesting  spot  in  the  vicinity  of  New  Orleans.  It 
lies  4t^  m.  S.  of  Canal  St.,  and  may  be  reached  either  by  carriage  along  the  Levee  or 
by  horse-cars.  It  is  washed  by  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  and  surrounded  by 
c>'pre8s-swamps  and  canebrakes.  A  marble  monument,  70  ft.  high  and  yet  unfin- 
ished, occupies  a  suitable  site  overlooking  the  ground,  and  serves  to  commemorate 
the  victory.  A  National  Cemetery  occupies  the  8.  W.  corner  of  the  field.  Between 
the  Battle-field  and  the  city  the  Ursuline  Convent,  an  imposing  building,  200  ft. 
long,  overlooks  the  river.  A  nunnery  and  chapel  are  attached  to  the  convent. 
Lake  Pontehartrain,  5  m.  N.  of  the  oity,  is  famous  for  its  fish  and  game.  It  is  40 
m.  long  and  24  m.  wide,  and  from  16  to  20  ft.  deep.  It  is  reached  by  the  Lake 
Railway  every  hour,  or  by  drive  on  the  Shell  Road.  The  swamps  which  lie  be- 
tween the  city  and  the  lake  are  covered  with  a  thick  growth  of  cypress  and  other 
trees  peculiar  to  this  locality.  Carrollton,  in  the  northern  suburbs,  has  many  fine 
public  gardens  and  private  residences.  Algiers,  opposite  New  Orleans,  has  exten- 
sive dry-docks  and  ship-yards.  Communication  by  ferry.  Gretna,  on  the  same 
side,  is  a  pretty  rural  spot,  abounding  in  pleasant,  shady  walks. 


""'ij    .i    .ini»-»i  ii«[i|1iin>ftij>u'^i  nilwl<li|"Hiiij"i.i  lif.ii 


advantHge  from  the 

)iBtrict,  bounded  by 

le  fine  marble  front 

land  the  massive  fa- 

the  square  is  a  fine 

Hi  St.,  between  St. 

J  by  Hart.     Douglas 

|/-(!Hnd  TivoH  Circle, 

le  handsome  private 

imique  arrangement 

which  is  semi-floid 

bovoground.    Some 

iron,  etc. ;  but  tiie 

ally  to  the  heiglit  of 

and  is  hermetically 

are  over.     In  most 

er  the  brickwork  by 

3re  are  38  cemeteries 

wo  J,  on  the  Metnirie 

Louis  Cemetery  No. 

louuments,  of  which 

se  de  Bienfaiscnce," 

iety."    The  last  is  of 

)  kind  in  the  country. 

ins,  and  perhaps  the 

tet,  which  comprises 

)e!i:t  time  to  visit  it  is 

Jther  days.    At  break 

1  nations  and  tongues 

until  near  10  o'clock. 

the  stranger's  ears; 

icles  exposed  for  sale. 

the  products  of  both 

111  to  behold.    French 

riety,  from  the  silvery 

3  negroes.    The  Levee 

sights  of  tjio  Crescent 

lent.    The  best  points 

■e  the  roof  of  the  St. 

great  victory  over  the 
y  of  New  Orleans.  It 
ige  along  the  Levee  or 
)i,  and  surroucded  by 
't.  high  and  yet  unfln- 
erves  to  commemorate 
of  the  field.  Between 
osing  building,  200  ft. 
died  to  the  convent. 
1  and  game.     It  is  40 

reached  by  the  Lake 
3wami)8  whicli  He  bo- 
I  of  cypress  and  other 
luburbs,  has  many  fine 
w  Orleans,  has  exten- 

Gretna,  on  the  same 
s. 


MONTREAL. 


KONTRBAL. 


145 


(Montroal  ma^  be  reached  ttum  New  York  Ha  IlDdion  River  or  Harlem  Rallw*T  to  Albanj,  and 
thence  via  Kenwelaer  A  Saratoga  R.  R.  throngh  Vermont  [BnrltnKlon  and  Rntland].  D'vlance, 
888  m.;  time,  about  19  honra  ;  fiire,  $1(.  Alao  Ha  precedtnK  route  toWhllehall,  iind  tbence  by 
•teamer  on  Lake  Champlaln.  Or  DTaame  route  to  Plattibiin;,  on  Lake  Cbampla lit,  and  tliencu 
by  ateamcr.  From  Bonton.  Montreal  It  readied  Ha  Lowell  and  Vemiont  CentmrR.  R.  Dliiance, 
884  m,  ;  time,  14  bonrn.  Or  Ha  Fltclihnrx  and  Rntlnnd,  844  m.  Or  via  Portland  A  Orand  Trunk 
R.  R.,  40B  m.    From  the  Weat,  via  Detroit  and  the  Qrand  'i  rusk  H.  H.) 

MONTREAL,  the  largest  city  and  commercial  metropolis  of  British  North 
America,  is  sitt;ated  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence  Hirers,  in  lat.  45°  81'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  86'  W.  It  de- 
rives its  name  from  Mont  R^nl,  or  Mount  Royal,  whicli  rises  750  ft.  above  the 
river,  and  closes  the  city  in  on  that  side.  Including  its  suburbs,  Montreal  stretches 
along  the  river  for  2  m.,  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.,  and  for  some  distance  extends  from  one 
to  two  miles  inland.  The  houses  are  built  mostly  of  a  grayish  limestone  from  adja- 
cent quarries,  and  with  its  tall  spires  and  glittering  roofs  and  domes,  and  the  beau- 
tiiiil  villas  that  stud  its  lofty  background,  ;;he  city  presents  as  picturesque  a  pano- 
rama as  is  to  be  seen  on  the  entire  continent.    The  quays  of  Montreal  are  built  of 


View  of  Montreal  from  Mount  Rofal. 

solid  limestone,  and,  uniting  with  the  locks  and  cut-stone  wharves  of  the  Laohine 
Canal,  they  present  for  several  miles  a  display  of  continuous  masonry  which  has 
few  parallels.  Unlike  the  levees  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi,  no  unsightly  ware- 
houses disfigure  the  river-side.  A  broad  stone  esplanade,  or  terrace,  the  parapets 
of  which  are  surmounted  with  a  substantial  iron  railing,  forms  the  river-front.  St. 
Paul  St.,  the  cjiief  commercial  thoroughfare,  extends  along  the  river  the  whole 
length  Ou  the  city.  Other  important  business  streets  are  St.  Jame»,  MeOill,  Notre- 
Dame,  and  Commimoner  St».  The  fashionable  promenades  are  Oreat  St.  Jame$ 
and  Notre-Dame  St».  The  finest  private  residences  are  in  the  suburbs,  toward 
Mount  Royal. 

The  settlement  of  Montreal  dates  from  1685,  when  it  was  visited  by  Jacques 
Cartier,  who  named  its  mountain.  In  1642  the  first  European  settlers  arrived,  and 
just  one  century  later  the  original  Indian  name  ("Hochelaga")  gave  place  to  the 
French  one  of  "  Ville  Marie,"  which  in  time  was  replaced  by  the  present  one,  wbr\i 
the  city  came  into  British  possession  in  1761.    At  the  latter  date,  Montreal  was 


146 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIEP. 


Iff 


well  peopled  and  etrongly  fortiflod;  neverthelem  it  was  captured  by  the  AniericnnH 
nnder  General  Mont){omery,  in  November,  1776,  and  held  br  them  until  the  follow- 
ing mimmer.  In  1779,  Montreal  contained  about  7,000  innabitantH.  In  1861  the 
Sopulntion  had  increased  to  00,823,  and  in  1871  to  107,22A.  The  commerce  of 
[ontreal  is  very  large,  as,  thongh  it  is  600  m.  f^oui  tlies<«a,  its  advantageous  position 
at  tite  head  of  ship-navigation  on  tlie  St.  Lawrence,  and  at  tlie  foot  of  the  great 
chain  of  improved  inland  waters  extending  from  tlie  Lacliine  Canal  to  the  western 
shores  of  Lake  Superior,  has  made  it  the  chief  shipping-port  of  the  Douiinion  of 
Canada.  In  1878,  its  imports  were  valued  at  |44,d'20,646,  and  its  exports  at  (tl9,- 
670,118.  Tlie  manufactures  are  various  and  important,  the  princi|al  being  axes 
and  saws,  steam-engines,  printing-types.  India-rubber  shoes,  ]in]>er,  furniture,  wool- 
ens, cordage,  and  flour. 

IMctei  The  St.  Laurerue  Hall,  a  spacious  and  handsome  liouse  in  Great  St. 
James  St.;  the  Ottmea  Houte,  cor.  St.  James  and  Notre-Dame  Sts. ;  tl-.e  Donnegana 
HoHM,  in  Notre-Dame  St. ;  the  Montreal  ffovte,  on  C'ustom-Jlouse  Square,  opposite 
the  Custom-TIoufc?  and  the  Albion  Ifotel,  in  McGill  St  jjesides  these  there  are 
numerous  eq/'i*  and  lodging-liouses  on  a  sniJJer  Male. 

MMics  mt  iMveyaarfi — H(yr»c-car»  traverse  the  city  in  all  directions,  and  afford  an 
easy  access  to  any  desired  point.  Carriage  wiiit  at  tlie  depot  and  steamboat-land- 
ings, and  at  various  stands  in  the  city.  Their  ohp.ges  are :  One-horse  carriage  for 
1  or  2  persons,  25c.  a  course  within  the  city  limits,  or  50c.  an  hour;  for  8  or 4  per- 
sons, 40c.  u  course.  7-ic.  an  hour.  Two-horso  carriage,  for  1  or  2  persons,  40o.  a 
course,  76c.  tm  hour:  for  !J  or  4  persons,  50o.  a  course,  $1  an  hour. 

PiMIe  »ai  Proviini-at  BalldlagSi — The  most  imposing  public  building  in  the  city  is 
the  Bouetants  Msik^t,  a  fine  stoue  cdiflco  in  the  Doric  style,  fronting  on  the  river  at 
the  cor.  of  St.  I'm;!  and  Water  Sts.  It  is  three  stories  high,  and  is  surmounted  by  a 
d  /mc,  the  view  from  which  is  extremely  fine.  In  one  of  the  upper  stories  are  tlie 
city  council-chamber  and  the  offices  of  the  Corporation,  and  a  concert  or  ball  room 
capable  of  accommodating  4,000  people.  The  Cuttam-Houne,  on  the  site  of  an  old 
market-place  betv.e8n  St.  Paul  8t.  and  the  river,  is  a  spacious  and  massive  structure, 
witii  a  fine  tower.  The  Po»t-Oriiee  is  a  beautiful  cut-stone  ediflc  in  Great  St.  James 
St.,  near  the  Place  d'Armes.  The  €Mrt>ll«ve,  in  Notre-Dame  St.,  is  a  large  and 
elegant  building  in  the  Ionic  style,  800  by  126  ft.,  and  erected  at  a  cost  of  $300,000. 
It  contains  a  law  library  of  6,000  volumes.  Back  of  it  is  the  Champ  de  Mam,  a  fine 
military  parade-groiind.  T\\q'  Merehantti'  Erchangt  is  a  handsome  structure,  in  the 
modem  Italian  style,  in  St.  Sacrament  St.  It  contains  a  large  and  comfortable  read- 
ing-room, well  supplied  with  English  and  American  newspapers  and  periodicals,  all 
at  the  service  of  the  stranger  when  properly  introduced.  The  handsome  buildings 
of  the  Bomh  of  Montreal  and  the  City  Bank  stand  side  by  side  on  the  Place  d'Armes. 
The  first  is  a  fine  example  of  the  Corinthian  st,yle.  Fronting  on  the  same  s(]uare  are 
the  Masonic  Hall.,  the  home  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  Canada,  and  the  ele- 
gant Ontario  Bank.  Fronting  on  Victoria  Square,  at  the  intersection  of  St.  James 
and  McGill  Sts.,  is  the  fine  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  The 
Oryttal  Palace  is  a  largo  building  of  small  architectural  ))retension8,  in  St.  Cath- 
erine St.  near  Univernty,  in  which  are  exhibited  the  industrial  products  of  the  dif- 
ferent provinces.  Mechanieo''  Institute,  in  Great  St.  James  St.,  is  an  elegant  struct- 
ure in  the  Italian  st.ile,  with  Vj.  elaborate',  -decorated  lecture-room. 

Chuchcs. — No  American  city  equals  Montreal  in  the  size  and  magnificence  of  its 
churoh-odifices.  The  Roman  Catholic  catliedrrd  of  N^tre-Dfre,  fronting  on  the  Place 
d'Armes,  is  tlie  largct  on  the  conf  lent,  being  241  fi.  1''  s  and  135  ft.  wide,  and 
capable  of  seating  i'rom  10,000  to  12,0,0  persons.  It  i'-  ■*  stone  \.\  the  Gothic  4yle, 
and  has  six  tcwors,  one  at  each  corner  fid  one  in  iue  middle  of  each  flank.  The 
.  wo  on  the  main  front  are  213  ft.  Iiigh,  and  in  one  of  them  is  a  fine  chime  of  b<)lls, 
the  largest  of  which  (the  "  Gros  Bourdon  ")  weighs  29,4C0  pounds.  The. view  from 
the  to'^er,  which  is  gene'ally  open  to  visitors,  is  very  estensivo.  Even  this  huge 
structure  will  be  surpass  vl  in  size  by  the  new  cathedral  (Roman  Catholic)  now  in 
course  of  erection  at  the  cor.  of  Dorchester  and  C'^me*  iry  Sts.,  after  the  plan  of  St. 
Piter's,  at  Rome.    Chriit  fLxn^  Cathedral  (Episcooal),  in  St.  Catherine  St.  is  the 


d  by  the  AniericiitiH 
lom  until  the  follow- 
itantH.     In  1861  the 

The  commerce  of 
Ivantageous  ponition 
lie  foot  of  the  great 
'anal  to  the  western 
of  the  Do'jilnion  of 

it8  exports  at  f  19,- 
>rinci|  al  being  axes 
per,  furniture,  wool- 

liouse  in  Great  St. 
its. ;  the  Donnegana 
use  Square,  opftosite 
idet)  tltene  there  are 

ctioTiB,  and  afford  an 
and  Hteamboat-land- 
ne-horse  carriage  for 
liour ;  for  8  or  4  per- 
or  2  persons,  40c,  a 
our. 

)uilding  in  the  city  is 
nting  on  the  river  at 
d  is  Hurinounted  by  a 
upper  stories  are  tlie 
concert  or  ball  room 
on  the  site  of  an  old 
ind  massive  structure, 
)of  in  Great  St.  James 
le  St.,  is  a  large  and 
at  a  cost  of  $300,000. 
Ohamp  de  Mars,  a  fine 
some  structure,  in  the 
and  comfortable  read- 
ers and  periodicals,  all 
le  handsome  buildmgs 
on  the  Place  d'Armes. 
m  the  same  square  are 
f  Canada,  and  the  ele- 
srsection  of  St.  James 
ian  Associotion.  The 
etcnsions,  in  St.  Cath- 
>1  products  of  the  dif- 
;.,  IS  an  elegant  struct- 
room. 

lid  magnificence  of  its 
,  fronting  on  the  Place 
and  135  ft.  wide,  aud 
le  i-v  the  Gothic  .<tyle, 
!e  of  each  fiank.  The 
a  fine  chime  of  b'llls, 
iinds.  The. view  from 
sivo.  Even  this  hu^e 
man  Catholic)  now  m 
,  after  the  plan  of  St. 
Catherine  St,  is  the 


MONTREAL. 


147 


ntoBt  perfect  Ktieeitnon  of  English-Gothic  «  ihiteitu'c  in  America.  It  is  cruoiform, 
built  of  rough  Montreal  stone  with  Caen-stouo  facings,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  spire 
224  ft.  high.  The  interior  decorations  are  vxtremely  rich.  The  Bishop's  Church 
(Roman  Catholic),  in  H^  Denis  St.,  is  a  very  elt-gant  structure  in  the  pointed  (iothio 
style,  known  as  the  St.  Jmueii.  St.  Patriek'it  Chureh  (Roman  Catholic)  occupies  a 
ooromanding  position  at  .iie  W.  end  of  Lagau<;lieti£ri<  Ht.  It  bus  seats  for  ff,000  per- 
Nons,  and  its  handsome  (iothio  windows  are  filled  with  stained  glass.  The  CkirtI  tf 
Iht  Ciciti  (Jesuit),  in  Uloury  St.,  has  the  finest  interior  In  the  city.  The  vast  nave 
(76  ft.  high)  is  bordered  by  rich  composite  cohimnis  and  botli  walls  nnd  ceiling  are 
beautifullv  {minted  and  froMHHMl.  Other  important  Ri<maii  Catliolic  churches  are 
the  ReeolUct,  in  Notre-Dame  St.,  the  Bonteeoum,  iicar  the  great  market,  and  Ht. 
Mary\  in  (iriffintown.  There  are  also  chapels  attached  to  all  the  nunneries.  >n 
some  of  which  excellent  pictures  may  be  seen.  Resides  Cii/ist  Church  C^athedral, 
the  principal  Episcopal  cnnrchus  are  Trinity,  a  fine  stone  eJifice  in  the  early  £ng- 
tisb-Gothic  style,  in  St.  Paul  St. ;  iSt.  Oeorge'»,  in  St.  Joseph  Ht. ;  .SY.  Thonnu'*,  in  St. 
Mary's  St. ;  and  St.  Stej>hen''»,  in  tiriftintowii.  St>  AiMlrcw^s  Chirrh  (Presbyterian), 
in  Rndegonde  St.,  is  a  beautiful  sipecimen  of  Gothic  architecture,  being  a  close  imita- 
tion of  Salisbury  Cathedral,  though  of  course  on  a  greatly  reduced  s<'ale.  Near  by- 
is  the  Chvreh  of  the  IleMiah  (Unitarian),  u  lofty  and  spacious  building.  Zion  Chvnm 
(Independent),  in  Radegonde  St..  near  Victoria  Square,  was  the  scene  of  the  sad  riot 
and  loss  of  life  on  the  occasion  of  Gavazzj's  lecture  in  18fi2.  The  We*Uyan  Method- 
ist, in  Dorchester  St.,  is  a  graceful  building  in  the  Englifh-Gothic  style;  and  the 
same  denomination  have  a  large  and  handsome  buildi.ig  in  St.  James  St.,  and  others 
in  Griflintown. 

EdmatiMMl  aatf  Charitable  lulitotteis,  Nu<icrtf«,  etc. — First  among  the  educational 
institutions  is  the  university,  or  MrCiUI  (ellffe,  which  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  base 
of  Mount  Royal,  overlooking  the  city.  The  muHcum  of  this  college  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  country.  The  Muneum  of  the  Natural  Jlittory  Sveiety,  another  valuable  col- 
lection, is  near  the  Crystal  Palace  (admixsion,  'itric.).  The  Geologieal  Mvtevm  is  in 
a  large  building  fronting  on  the  Champ  de  Mnrx.  A  short  distance  W.  of  McGill 
College,  in  Sherbrooke  St.,  is  the  large  and  sttttelv  building  of  the  ecclesiastical 
Seminary  of  St.  Sulpiee,  for  the  education  of  Catholic  j)riest».  Another  Seminary 
of  St.  Sulpiee  (founde<l  in  1C67),  ai^joining  the  cathedral  of  Notre- Dame,  ii  182  ft. 
long  by  29  deep,  and  is  Burroun(ls<]  by  spacious  gar^^ens  and  court-yards.  Tlie  Do- 
minion Military  School  is  an  immense  building  fronting  on  tbo  Champ  de  Mars.  The 
Agyhimfor  the  Blind,  in  St.  Catherine  St.,  near  St.  George,  Ims  a  fine  chapel  in  the 
Romanesque  style  with  richly-frescoed  interior.  The  HMcl  Dka,  founded  in  1644  for 
the  cure  of  the  sick,  is  a  vast  and  'mposing  building  just  outside  the  city  limits 
(reached  by  Main  St.).  St,  PatricJc'e  Uo»pital,  in  Dorchester  St.,  at  the  W.  end  of  the 
town,  is  another  spacious  structure.  Both  of  these  estallishments  are  under  the 
charge  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph.  There  are  numerous  otber  benevolent  institu- 
tions in  the  city  not  calling  for  special  mention. 

The  Qray  Nunnery  (founded  in  1G92  for  the  care  of  lunatics  and  children)  is  a 
vast  cruciform  building  in  Dorchester  St.  The  Black,  or  C<mgregational  Nunnery, 
in  Notre-Dame  St.  near  the  Place  d'Armes,  dates  from  1669,  ond  is  devoted  to  the 
education  of  young  persons  of-  the  female  sex.  At  Longue  Pointe,  a  short  distance 
from  Montreal,  is  the  great  Content  of  the  Holy  Name  of  Mary.  The  stranger  de- 
sirous of  visiting  either  of  the  nunneries  should  apply  to  the  Lauj  Superior  for  ad- 
mission, which  is  seldom  refused. 

MiMeII«ie«B«  PiMM  sf  taiterest. — "  The  lion  par  excellence  of  Montreal,  the  eighth 
wonder  of  the  world,"  as  it  has  been  called,  is  the  Virtoria  Brldm,  which  spans  the 
St.  Lawrence,  connecti?«  t)>e  city  on  the  island  with  the  mainland  to  the  S.  Its 
length  is  9,194  ft.,  or  nearly  2  ni.  It  rests,  in  this  splendid  transit,  upon  28  piers 
and  2  abutments  of  solid  masonry,  tho  central  span  being  880  It.  long.  The  massive 
iron  tube  through  which  the  railway-track  is  laid  is  22  ft.  high  and  16  ft.  vide. 
The  total  cost  of  the  bindge  was  |6,800,000.  It  was  formally  opened  with  great 
pomp  and  ceremony  by  the  Prince  of  Wales,  during  his  visit  to  America  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1860.    Tho  view  of  Montreal  from  the  bridge  should  not  be  misse<l.    The 


148 


IIAND-OUDK   OK  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


")     ,"! 


Witter-  Work$,  i\  inllu  or  ho  hIiovo  the  olty,  aro  oxtretnely  inture§tini;  for  tlielr  own 
Mke,  iind  for  tli«  (lelit(litfiil  xronerjr  in  the  vicinity.  Tiie  old  (Jovemment-IIovu,  in 
Jm  |UOH  Cartiur  iSciuitro,  nnd  tlio  Xe/»>n  Monument  near  l>v,  aro  obJevU  of  intoroit, 
thuugli  tlie  iiionuiiivnt  is  in  ii  riithur  dllHiiidiitod  condition.  The  Mount  Royal 
('emetery  is  2  in.  from  tiie  city,  on  tlie  N.  (tlope  of  tiie  mountain.  From  the  hish- 
road  round  itH  b,ii««,  a  liro^d  avenuu  gradually  am'ondH  to  this  pieanant  spot.  The 
best  viuwH  of  Montreal  an«l  \tn  neighborhood  aru  obtained  by  talcing  the  famons 
drive  "  Around  the  Mountain,"  0  m.  long.  No  visitor  to  Montreal  Hhould  fail  to  see 
tlio  LachlM  Ba|ri4iw  They  may  l>e  reachetl'  by  carriage,  but  the  most  advantageous 
way  of  8uein){  them  Ih  to  take  tlie  7  a.  m.  train  (from  Honaventure  station)  to  I^- 
ohinu,  gut  on  the  steuiner  there,  and  return  through  the  Rapids  to  Montreal,  arriv- 
ing at  U  A.  M. 

The  "  iue-sliove,"  a  most  imposing  speutaole,  may  be  witnessed  by  those  travel- 
ers who  arrive  at  Montreal  toward  the  beginning  of  April.  This  strange  phenome- 
non results  from  the  crowding  of  the  ioe  about  a  mile  below  the  city,  where  the 
ohannel  of  the  river  is  comparatively  narrow  ;  there  it  is  jtarked,  piled,  and  froien 
into  a  solid  mass  of  twenty  to  thirty  feet  in  thickness,  which,  when  lifted  by  the 
rising  waters  above,  and  set  in  motion  again  by  the  whole  hydraulic  power  of  the 
gigantic  stream,  rushes  onward  until  again  impeded  by  the  banks  of  the  narrowing 
river.  The  lateral  pressure  it  there  exerts  forces  the  hordage  up  on  the  land,  where 
it  not  unfre({uently  accumulates  to  the  height  of  BO  ^^aX. 


%iA 


s 


QUBBBO. 

(Qaebec  In  raiched  fVoin  Montrenl  via  Oranrt  Trunk  Railway.  DlBtance.  1T8  in. ;  time,  8  bra.  Also  iHki 
■tesmeron  the  8t.  L«wrencn  Klvor.  UUtanofl,  WU  m.  Piire,  flmt  cIsks,  inclndiog  «l<terooiii  and 
meali,  $4  ;  see  ind  cisrvi,  wlthont  inasl«.  |1.  The  itesmor  Is  much  proien'^le  In  laminer,  •■  It  en- 
able! the  traveler  to  aeu  the  flnu  aceiiory  of  the  river.) 

QUEBEC,  the  oldest,  and,  after  Montreal,  the  most  important  city  in  Britisn  North 
America,  is  situated  on  the  N.  W.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  at  its  conflu- 
wuu.  with  tlie8t.  Charles,  nearly  400  m.  from  the  (tulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  oitr 
is  built  on  the  northern  extremity  of  an  elevated  tongue  of  land  which  forms  the  1. 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  for  several  miles.  Cape  Diamond,  so  called  from  the 
numerous  quartz  crystals  formerly  found  ,there,  is  the  loftiest  part  of  the  headland, 
383  It.  above  the  stream,  and  is  crowned'  with  the  vast  fortiflcations  of  the  Citadel, 
These  occup;  about  40  acres,  and  are  considered  so  impregnable  that  they  have  ob- 
tained for  Quebec  the  iippellutiuk;  of  the  "  Gibraltar  of  America."  From  the  Cita- 
del a  line  of  wull  runs  westward  toward  the  cliffs  overhanging  the  valley  of  the  St. 
Charles,  and  is  thence  continued  around  the  brow  of  the  promontory  till  it  connects 
onco  more  with  Cape  Duimond  near  the  Governor's  Garden.  This  circuit  is  nearly 
8  m.  in  extent,  and  is  piiMced  by  five  gates,  now  dismantled.  The  walls  and  ram- 
parts outside  of  the  Cita  Id  proper,  though  still  mounted  with  cannon,  nre  no  longer 
kept  in  repair.  The  citv  is  divided  into  the  Upper  and  Lower  Town,  the  ascent 
from  the  latter  being  by  a  very  steep  and  winding  street  (Mountain  St.)  through 
Prescott  G.ite.  The  Upper  Town  comprises  the  walled  city  r  'tb  the  two  subnrbs 
of  St.  Louis  and  St.  John,  between  the  walls  and  the  Plains  of  Abraham.  The 
Lower  Town  is  built  around  the  base  of  the  promontory,  and  constitutes  the  busi- 
ness quarter.  A  very  large  part  of  the  city  within  the  walls,  or  the  Upper  Town 
proocr,  is  taken  up  with  tlie  buildings  and  grounds  of  great  religious  corporations, 
th.  Seminary  and  Laval  University,  the  Ursulines  nnd  the  H6tel  Dieu,  and  the  an- 
cient Jesuit  college,  founded  in  1088  and  occupied  as  a  barracks  after  1812.  Over 
the  remaining  irregular  surface,  not  cohered  by  fortifications,  are  crowded  the  qnaint 
medieeval  streets  and  dwellings,  built  generally  of  stone,  two  or  three  stories  high, 
and  roofed,  like  the  public  buildings,  with  shining  tin.  The  suburbs  of  St.  Louis 
and  St.  John  stretch  southward  and  westward  along  the  plateau,  and  are  constantly 
encroaching  on  the  historic  Plains  of  Abraham.  Thny  contain  many  beautiful  pri- 
vate residences,  and  several  large  conventual  establishments  and  churches.  The 
Lower  Town  proper  is  tlie  most  ancient  part  of  Quebec,  Here,  around  the  vener 
able  church  of  Notre-Dame  des  Victoires  and  the  Champlain  Market,  are  the 


■^«,«ffiw*<ci  'iij»ii|l  III    mjium 


mtini;  for  their  own 
ovtmment-I/oiut,  in 

obJeoU  of  interest, 

The  Mount  Royal 
n.  From  the  high- 
pleaHHiit  ipot.     The 

talcing  the  famous 
uai  Hhoiild  fail  to  see 

most  advantageous 
iture  station)  to  I41- 

to  Montreal,  arriv- 

ised  by  those  travel- 
is  strange  phenome- 

tho  oitj,  where  the 
b«(/,  piUi,  and  froaen 

when  lifted  hy  the 
draulio  power  of  the 
tics  of  the  narrowing 
p  on  the  land,  where 


m.;  time,  8  bra.   Also  via 

Inclndlug  ntsteroom  and 

rs>>le  fn  saminer,  s«  It  en- 

t  city  in  Britisb  North 
ice  River,  at  its  confln- 

Lawrence.  The  oitT 
nd  which  forms  the  1. 
d,  so  called  from  the 
part  of  the  headland, 
nations  of  the  Citadel, 
)le  that  they  have  ob- 
ica."  From  the  Olta- 
g  the  valley  of  the  St. 
iiontory  till  it  connects 
This  circuit  is  nearly 

The  walls  and  ram- 
cannon,  Are  no  longer 
wer  Town,  the  ascent 
fountain  St.)  througli 
T  'tb  the  two  subarbs 
ns  of  Abraham.  The 
[d  constitutes  the  busi- 
I,  or  the  Upper  Town 
religious  corporations, 
itel  Dieu,  and  the  an- 
cks  after  1812.  Over 
ire  crowded  the  quaint 
or  three  stories  high, 
)  suburbs  of  St.  Louis 
«u,  and  are  constantly 
in  many  beautiful  pri- 
8  and  churches.  The 
ere,  around  the  vener 
ilain  Market,  are  the 


QUIBEC. 


140 


priuoiiial  wharves,  and  steamlxmt  and  ferrj  landings.  It  Is  the  busiest  and  most 
crowaed  mart  of  the  city,  and  a  oonglomerntion  of  irregular  streets.  Clustered 
iiround  the  bami  of  the  clitt',  beneath  the  gtms  of  the  grand  liattery  2<>0  t^.  above,  ore 


'"L? 

..^ 

H^^EH^&^i 

i4t4m^ 

i§ 

_^.4    ■■■>tf'.-    ^ 

w^ 

^s 

*-^"^ 

F                                 j^Wt^~  ^^'   ^'^ 

,   " -■ --.  *::^3sS,«^ : 

'^^imt^ 

■■■- 

4*    «< 

'  ,«ufc:* 

•1 .  t^ , ' 

1  v.-iilM"  m^ 

"J 

h: 

~y   :" 



-     •      i 

'J.-"" 

'  '^'  "* 

'' ' -"^  "^       '!' ^^^& ' ^ ^  '^'  1*^815"^ 

■  - 

i* 

^•«* 

'JMiikmm''M 

(Quebec. 

the  great  commercial  establishments,  the  banking-houses,  wholesale  stores,  and 
bonded  warehouses.  Ht,  Paul  St.  stretches  westward  on  the  narrow  strand  between 
the  oliif  ar  I  the  bay,  amid  breweries,  distilleries,  and  niaimfactories,  till  it  meets, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Ht.  Charles,  St.  Jimeph  St.,  the  main  artery  of  the  large 
suburb  of  St.  Koche.  St.  Roche  and  Koisseauvillo  are  the  iiomes  of  the  laboring  classes. 
On  the  banks  of  the  Charles  River  are  the  princinnl  ship-yards;  and  the  uumeroMs 
coves  of  the  St.  Lawrence  are  filled  with  acres  of  vast  lumber-rafts.  On  the  oppo- 
site shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  are  the  populous  towns  of  South  Quebec,  Now  Liver- 
pool, and  Point  Levi,  which  pre.^ent  a  scene  of  activity  scarcely  surpassed  by  the 
city  itself. 

The  site  of  Quebec  was  visited  by  Cartier  in  1684,  and  the  city  wiis  founded  by 
Ohamplain  in  IHOR.  It  was  taken  by  the  English  in  1629,  and  restored  to  France 
by  the  treaty  of  1682.  In  1600  the  neighboring  English  colonies  made  an  unsuc- 
cessful maritime  ex])odition  against  it ;  and  in  171 1  the  attempt  was  renewed,  with  no 
better  success.  In  1734  the  city  had,  including  its  suburbs,  4,608  inhabitants.  In 
1769,  during  the  Seven  Years'  War,  the  English,  under  General  Wolfe,  attacked  the 
city  and  bombarded  it.  On  Sept.  18th  took  place  the  first  battle  of  the  Plains  of 
Abraham,  in  which  ^oth  Wolfe  and  Montcalm,  the  French  commander,  fell,  and 
England  gained  at  one  Mow  an  American  empire.  The  French,  indeed,  recaptured 
the  city  tne  next  spring,  but  at  the  treaty  of  peace  in  1768  Louis  XV.  ceded  the 
wiiole  of  New  France  to  the  English.  In  December,  1776,  a  small  American  force, 
under  Oeneral  Montgomery,  attempted  its  capture,  but  failed,  after  losing  700  men 
and  their  commander.  The  population  of  the  city  at  that  time  was  only  6,000.  In 
1861  it  was  69,990,  and  in  1871  69,699,  the  decrease  being  attributed  to  the  with- 
drawal of  the  British  troops  forming  the  garrison.  Quebec  has  a  large  maritime  com- 
merce, and  is  one  of  the  greatest  lumber  and  timber  markets  on  the  American  Oonti- 
nent.  The  principal  articles  of  manufacture  are  ships,  saw-mill  products,  boots  and 
shoes,  bakery  products,  furniture,  and  foundery  products  and  machinery. 

Httdsi   The  a.S'^  /^um  Hotel  ($8  to  |4  day),  in  St.  Louis  St.  near  Durham  Ter- 
race ;  the  Suuell  House,  cor.  Ann  and  Garden  Sts. ;  the  Stadaeona  House,  in  Palace 
St. ;  and  the  Blanchard  Hotel,  in  the  Lower  Town.    The  two  latter  are  inexpen- 
sive, and  frequented  by  business-men,  etc. 
11 


u,,^.. 


ni>H[h>'iiiliMWi>i<Mt"»iir..i^</Wt'mi*W«N» 


160 


IIANI)-IUX»K   OP  AMKRICAN    CITIE8. 


%mm\ 


'ii 


m 


H«4f*  »(itm\r)a»if>  — //one- cart  trBvemv  tlio  Ntii'ctM  iilonir  tlit<  rlvtr  in  tli«t  Lower 
Town  mill  fxtcnd  tntlio  Miiburbx.  CarrinHM  or  fnUrhmumyhv  liri'd  at  tliu  llvery- 
■tabii'N.  'I'lii-  riiUr/ie,  H  two-wlie<*lo<l  oiu'-fiorMtt  n|i|iMriitiiM,  In  |Ik>  iiniiuI  veliicli*,  •ml 
OMtii  aliiiut  7A<'.  nil  hour,  h'trrien  connect  tho  cit^  with  Hontli  Ijiieher,  Now  Llvvr- 
pool,  hikI  roint  l.uvi,  on  the  o|i|(oiiito  mIUo  of  tho  Hi.  Lawrence,  nn<l  run  tliree  tinivH 
ft  (Uy  to  till'  IhIi*  of  <  trlvnnM. 

PiMlrMd  PtmhImiI  ■alMliKi.—Thc  only  Important  |>ublic  bntiillniri*  in  the  Lowitr 
Town  arc  tlic  CiiNtoni-HonNo,  tin-  MerohantH*  Kxcbanire,  anti  Cliaiiiplain  Market. 
Tho  faitl««>nMMr  U  reacluxl   \)y  St.  I'vtcr  ^t.,  and  (hi  iiiiicN  tliu  very  nriex  of  the 

Eoint  inaile  liy  the  coiitliience  oi'  the  Mt.  Lawrence  and  the  St.  I'liaileH  Kivers.  It 
I  an  ini|H>Hiii((  |>«irie  etlittce,  with  a  dome,  and  a  tavade  of  noble  I'oliinina,  ap- 
proaclied  liy  a  Ioiik  Hi|{lit  of  HtepM.  Chomiilain  Market  ia  a  apacioun  and  liandNonie 
■tone  huildinif  on  tlie  river-bank,  near  Clianinlain  St.  Tlie  other  principal  buildingH 
are  in  tlie  I'pper  Town.  The  l'o»t-(}{Hr»  ih  in  St.  Anne  St.,  and  near  by  la  the 
Buhop'ii  I'ntticf,  a  atately  and  elef(ant  atruetuie.  The  Parllaant-HaaM  ia  a  large  but 
nn|iretentiouH  ImildinK,  to  the  r.  from  Moiiiitaiu  St.,  jiiat  inMide  the  rainparta  of  the 
UiiporTown.  It  oocupioH  the  aite  of  ChaniplainV  fort  and  the  old  Kpiiu'opal  palace. 
Tlie  (hurt- Home  ia  a  nniaaive  ediflce  of  Htune,  fronting  on  Ht.  I.onia  St.  near  the 
I'roteatant  Cathedral.  A  abort  tliatani'u  beyond,  on  the  aanie  afreet,  is  the  MamnUf 
Hall,  oppiHiito  wliieh  ia  the  larito  antl  impoNing  St.  Louis  Hotrl.  In  tlie  centre  of 
the  Upiter  Town  Market  N^aarr  ia  Hiirrotm«ied  by  more  or  leaa  atrikinff  biiildinKa.  On 
the  K.  side  uro  the  Catliedrai  and  the  extenaive  buildinga  of  the  Heininary  of  (Quebec, 
which  will  be  <leacribod  further  on ;  and  on  the  W.  aide  are  tho  vaat  and  ancient 
JetiiM  College  buildinKa,  ilating  in  part  from  1(I4<I,  and  now  uaed  for  burraoka. 
The  aqunre  itailf  preaenta  a  highly-intereatin);  ai^lit  on  market  morninga,  when  the 
peaaanta  from  the  neigliborintr  country  lirin);  in  their  farm  productK.  The^r<i7/«ry 
.'itirraelaifonn  a  range  of  atone  biiildinga  5,0(ii)  ft.  in  length,  fronting  on  St.  Il^l^ne 
rtt.  near  the  ramparta.  Otiier  noteworthy  biiildinga  arc  the  t'ity  Hall,  the  Quebec 
MuKic  Hall,  and  the  city  Theatre,  all  in  the  Upiier  Town.  The  moat  fretpiented 
retail-ahopa  are  in  Fiiliri(|ue  and  St.  .Udin  StH.,  and  about  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathe- 
dral. 

CbarckM. — The  moat  remnrkal)le  of  tlioau  ia  the  ■•■•■  fatkallr  Cathedral,  whicli 
atanda  on  the  K.  aide  of  Market  Sijimre.  It  wna  elevated  to  tho  rank  of  a  baailicain 
October,  1H74,  on  the  occasion  of  the  ae'cond  centenary  "f  tlic  erection  of  the  See 
of  Quebec.  It  ia  of  cut  atone,  21(i  ft.  long  and  I  HO  wide,  and  capable  of  aeating 
4,000  peraona.  The  exterior  of  tiie  editico  ia  very  plaip,  liut  tlie  interior  ia  riclily 
decorated,  and  containa  aeveral  original  paintinga  of  great  value  liy  Vandyke, 
Caracci,  lIidK>,  and  othera.  In  tliia  cathedral  lie  the  roinnina  ot^Cliamplain,  the 
founder  and  tirat  governor  of  the  city.  The  church  of  Notre-Dame  dee  Vicfoiree 
(Roman  Catholic),  in  the  Lower  Town,  ia  noticeable  for  its  antiquity  ;  it  was 
built  and  uaed  aa  a  church  before  1690.  The  Aagllran  (athrdral,  u  plain,  gray-atone 
edifice,  surmounted  by  a  tall  'M>ire,  atanda  in  the  centre  of  a  large  ai^uare  in  Ht.  Anne 
St.  near  Durhaiii  Terrace.     Tradition  pointa  to  ita  aite  aa  the  apot  where  Oham- 

f>lain  erected  his  flrat  tent.  A(^oining  tlie  Cathedral  ia  the  rectory  and  the  pretty 
Ittle  Chapel  of  All  Sainte.  The  WeeUyan  tVmrch,  in  St.  Stanialaus  St.,  is  a  fine 
apeoimen  of  the  flamboyant  Gothic  atyle.  St,  Andrew^e  fPreabyterian)  ia  a  spacions 
atone  structure  in  the  (iothic  atylc,  situated  in  St.  Anne  St.  Near  by  are  a  manse 
and  school  belonging  to  the  aame  congregation.  The  Chapel  ef  the  Gray  NiM,  on 
the  Glacis,  W.  of  the  ramparts  and  a'hoining  the  Nunnery,  ia  a  lofty  and  elegant 
Gothic  ediflcc,  with  a  rich  interior.  St.  John's  (Roman  Catholic),  in  St.  John  St. 
near  St.  (-laire,  ia  one  of  the  largest  .hurches  in  the  city.  St.  PatrieVe  (Roman 
Catholic),  in  St.  U^ldne  St.,  haa  a  neat  Ionic  interior ;  and  St,  Savveur  and  St.  Roche 
are  noteworthy  ohnrches  in  the  suburbs.  The  Methodist  Centenary  Chapel  is  in  the 
St.  Louis  suburb. 

HacatlMul  ai4  Charitable  lastltitlMs,  tU, — The  most  important  educational  insti- 
tution is  the  "Seminary  of  Quebec,"  with  ita  otiahoot,  the  Laval  I'ahenlty.  This 
aeminary  waa  founded  in  1668,  an<l  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  university  in  1862. 
The  three  buildings  occupied  by  the  university  are  on  the  E.  side  of  Market  Square, 


rivtr  in  tliti  Lower 

lirt'd  lit  tliu  llrery- 

iiNiiul  v«liicli>,  afiil 

[(^lichee,  Nt'W  Llver- 

Hiiil  run  three  tinu>« 

iltliiiffit  in  the  Low«<r 

('hiiiii|ilain   Market. 

hu  very  iii»ex  of  the 

.  ChHi'leH  Kivvri.     It 

nolilu  cohininii,  np- 

K-iiiiii*  and  handioinic 

r  principal  iMiildingH 

,  and  near  by  in  the 

it-HMM  in  a  lariju  but 

the  rainpartu  of  the 

old  Kpirn'opal  palace. 

t.  I.oiiii)  St.  near  tlie 

Ntreet,  la  the  .V(UOHifi 

V/.     In  the  centre  of 

rikinff  hutldiiiKH.    Un 

I  Heiniiiary  of  (jnebee, 

the  VHMt  Hiid  undent 

w  uaed  fur  burraoka. 

it  iiiorninKH,  when  the 

ductn.     'I  he  Artillery 

-ontinir  on  8t.  Il^l^no 

I  'Hy  Hall,  the  Qtieber 

The  niimt  freciuented 

loiiian  Catholio  Cathe- 

th«Nr  Calkc^ral,  wliinli 
le  rank  of  a  baailica  in 
erection  of  the  Hee 
lul  cupuble  of  HeatinfT 
the  interior  h  richly 
t  value  by  Vandyke, 
inM  of^Chnniplain,  the 
frf-lJame  (let  VirfoirM 
its  antiquity  ;  it  was 
ral,  a  plain,  gray-stone 
rge  iwiuare  in  8t.  Anne 
he  spot  where  Oliam- 
ectory  and  the  pretty 
banislaus  Ht.,  is  a  fine 
byterian)  is  a  apaciong 
Near  by  are  a  manse 
el  af  the  liny  Nim,  on 
is  a  lofty  and  elegant 
fiolic),  in  8t.  John  8t. 
i%.  PatrieVn  (Roman 
Savveur  and  St.  Roehe 
tenary  Chapel  is  in  the 

tant  educational  insti- 

Uval  lIilTcnity.    This 

a  university  in  1862. 

tide  of  If  arket  Square, 


mm^ms^^ss" 


QURBKC. 


Iftl 


ai^olniiiK  the  Ciithedrnl,  and  aro  very  iin|Mwin((.  They  are  of  cut  »toue,  57rt  It.  hing 
(the  main  biiildinK  lieiuK  iM  (l.),  five  Miorles  high,  and  coat  #'i-lO,iHiO.  The  chemi- 
cal laboratory  is  spacioiiM,  tire-proof,  and  provided  with  coinolete  apparatus;  the 
geological,  iiiineralogical,  and  botanical  c(dlection«,  are  very  valuable;  the  iiniiteuni 
i>f  xoAlogy  contains  uiiward  of  l,)«H)  ditt'crcnt  birds  and  7,*K>(>  insectn;  uiul  t!ie  niu- 
Meuni  ot  the  medical  ile|>artiiient  is  eHpeciully  coinplete.  The  lilirary  contains 
upward  of  A.'t.oiN)  voliitiies,  )»esides  the  libraries  bcb>iiging  to  the  theological  iitid 
prepariitory  ilcpartiiients,  aiiiounling  to  about  ^••,<hhi  volumes  mor<-.  The  gallery 
of  pal^ting^  latelv  thrown  open  to  the  i>ublic,  contains  loO  originals,  duplicates,  and 
copies,  some  iif  them  very  valuable.  Morrin  College  iH-ciipies  the  ohi  stone  prison, 
in  the  centre  of  the  Tpper  Town.  In  one  of  the  lislls  is  the  exteiiNixc  library  of  the 
(/iifhee  lli»lorii'<il  Sticiely,  to  which  the  public  has  access.  The  Iliyh-Sehnol  has 
'i(HJ  students  and  an  excellent  library.  The  larlM  Hasyltal,  built  on  the  model  of  the 
Tuinplu  of  the  .Muses  on  the  banks  of  the  IIIsnus,  is  an  imposing  stone  e<liHce  near 
the  At.  CbHi-les  Klver.  Close  by  Is  the  f<«Knil  Haspllal,  an  immense  range  of  build- 
ings. This  inxtllution  v^as  founded  in  Klliit.  and  is  under  the  charge  of  the  imns  ot 
Ht.  Augustine.  The  Hotel  lUeii,  with  its  convent  and  hospital,  stands  Just  outside 
the  Palace-tiMte.  It  was  founde«l  in  l(lill)  by  the  DucheHx  d'.Mguillon,  and  in  I87<i 
compriseil  4A  Hinters  of  the  Hacrod  MIooil  of  I)lep|te,  who  minister  gratuitously  to 
10,(KM>  patients  yearly. 

The  I'mllw  ('MTrit,  in  (iarden  Ht.,  S.  of  .Market  Square,  is  a  striking  series  of 
buihliiiKx  surriiunded  by  extensive  an<l  beautiful  grounds.  I'liis  ostablishnieiit  was 
founded  in  I0H9,  aixl  now  has  4t>  nuns  who  are  devoted  to  toaching  girix,  an<l  also 
to  painting,  needlework,  etc.  The  |)arlor  and  chapel  are  open  to  visitors,  and  in  the 
latter  are  some  tine  paintings  by  Vandyke,  C'liampagne,  and  others.  Tlie  remains 
of  the  Marquis  de  Montcalm  are  buried  here  in  an  excavation  made  by  the  bursting 
of  a  shell  within  the  precincts  of  the  convent.  The  Gray  Sunnery  Is  a  spaciona 
building  on  the  (tiacis  W.  of  the  ramparts,  and  contains  about  75  .SiHtirs.  The  lilark 
.VuM/M>ry  Is  in  the  suburbs  of  Ht.  Ko<die.  Ap|dication  to  the  l.ady  Superiors  will 
usually  secure  admittance  to  the  isunneries. 

NbcHlaacMW  PImm  af  ■■Ifrrsl. — The  point  to  which  the  attention  of  the  stranger  in 
(Quebec  Is  first  directed  is  Dirkaa  Trmft,  which  lies  just  S.  of  the  Prescolt  Gate, 
along  the  edge  of  the  cliff,  towering  200  ft.  above  the  river.  It  occu|)ies  the  site  of 
the  old  ChAteau  of  St.  Louis,  built  by  C'haMiplain  in  11120,  and  destniyud  by  tire  in 
IHS4.  The  outlook  fVom  the  Terrace  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  is  of  it- 
self worth  a  trip  to  Quebec.  The  E»i>la>iade,  near  the  St.  Louis  (iatc,  is  another  at- 
tractive promenade ;  and  the  M'alk  along  the  Ramparts,  between  the  St.  Louis  (iate 
and  St.  John's  (iate,  affords  prospects  rivaled  by  few  in  Ameri<-a.  The  view  from 
the  Oniad  Battery,  near  the  Laval  rniversity,  Is  considered  by  many  to  be  finer  even 
than  that  from  Durhiim  Terrace;  and  that  from  the  vast  balcony  of  the  University 
building  is  nearly  as  iinprossi ve.  The  Plare  iVArmea,  or  Parade-tiroimd,  is  a  pleiu<ant 
little  park  adorned  witli  a  fine  fountain,  lying  between  the  Anglican  C'atheilral  and 
Durham  Terrace.  I  >es  Carrieres  St.,  running  S.  from  this,  leads  to  the  (j'oternof'n  (,'tir- 
den,  in  rear  of  the  Citadel,  containing  an  obelisk  (Mi  ft.  high)  to  the  nemory  of 
Wolfe  and  Montcalm.  The  Plaint  of  Abraham  are  reached  via  the  St.  Louis  (iate ; 
on  the  spot  where  Wolfe  fell  in  the  memorable  battle  of  September  18,  1789,  stands 
WsU^'s  MMMHMt,  a  modest  ooliiuin  approjtriately  inscribed.  A  short  distance  to  the 
I.  is  the  path  by  which  his  army  scaled  the  cliffs  on  the  night  before  the  battle  ;  it 
is  somewhat  shorn  of  its  rugged  character,  but  is  still  precipitous  and  forbidding. 
On  the  Plains,  near  the  St.  Foy  road,  stands  the  Monument  commemorating  the 
victory  won  by  tbe  Chevalier  de  L6vis  over  General  Murray  in  1760.  It  is  a 
handsome  iron  column,  surmounted  by  a  bronze  statue  of  Bellona  (presented  by 
Prince  Napoleon),  and  was  erected  in  18r)4.  About  8  m.  out  on  tbe  St.  LoiiiH  road 
is  Msnt  HiwiiB  CMWttry,  82  acres  in  extent,  beautifully  laid  out  on  irregtdar  ground, 
sloping  down  the  precipices  which  overhang  the  St.  Lawrence.  All  along  the 
St.  Louis  and  Ht.  Foj  roads  are  elegant  private  residences,  surrounded  by  gardens. 

The  suburbs  of  Quebec  present  many  points  of  interest  which  the  tourist  should 
not  fail  to  visit.     1'he  I»l«  qf  Orleann  (reached  by  ferry-boat)  is  a  beautiful  spot,  iind 


.<**■ 


f^- 


152 


ilAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


tlie  drive  iiroimd  it  offers  a  succession  of  noble  views.  There  are  also  pleasant 
drives  to  Spencer  Wood,  the  Govemor-Genernl's  residence  in  the  days  before  Quebec 
was  decapitalizi.  1,  and  to   Chdteav-Bifjot,  an  anticiuo  and  massive  rnin,  standing 

in  solitary  loneliness  at  the  foot  of  the 
Ciiarlfsboiirg  Mountain.  Loj-ette,  an 
ancient  village  of  tbe  il  iron  Indians, 
is  reached  by  a  0  ni.  drive  along  tbe 
banks  of  St.  Charles  River.  The  falls 
near  the  village  are  very  i)icture8<]ue, 
and  Lake  St.  Charles,  a  famous  fish- 
ir'g-placo,  is  only  a  fev.'  miles  oft".  The 
Falls  of  HontBoitiiicI,  8  m.  below  Quebec, 
are  250  ft.  high  and  50  ft.  wide,  and 
are  wonderfully  beantiful.  A  short 
distance  above  the  Falls  is  the  •'  Man- 
sion House,"  in  which  the  Duke  of 
Kent  ])as3ed  the  summer  of  1791 ;  and 
about  1  m.  above  are  the  curious  Nat- 
ural StejNi,  a  succession  of  ledges  cut 
by  the  river  in  the  limestone  rock, 
each  about  1  ft.  high,  and  as  regularly 
arranged  as  if  they  were  the  work  of 
human  hands.  I'lie  Falls  of  the  Chu- 
iHn  (18  m.)  are  reached  via  Point 
Levi  on  the  opposite  sicie  of  the  St 
Lawrence.  The  rapid  river  plunges 
in  a  sheet  350  ft.  wide  over  a  i)reci- 
™  ,, ,   „  .^    ^  pice  150  ft.  high,  presenting  very  much 

Wolfe'.  Monnment,  Quebec.  ^^^^  j^^^  ^f  ^^^-^^^  water,  whence  its 

name  rhaudiere,  or  caldron.  The  Falb  of  St.  Anne,  in  the  river  St.  Anne,  24  m. 
below  Quebec,  are  extremely  beautiful,  and  are  in  the  neighborhood  of  picturesque 
scenery  (tri-wcekly  steamers  from  Quebec). 


->p^"f>^^ 


m:. 


a 


OTTAWA, 

(Reached  from  Montreal  via  Rtcamer  np  tlie  Ottawa  Rivir  [101  m.l ;  or  via  9rand  Trunk  R.  R.  to  Pnea- 
cott,  and  thence  Dta  8t  Lawrence  *  Ottawa  R.  R.  (170  ni.].  From  New  York  Ha  New  Vuik  Oeu- 
trp.'  'o  Rome,  Mence  to  Ogdensbu/g,  and  thence  Ha  ftt.  Lawrahcc  &  Ottewa  R.  R.  [447  m.].  From 
BoBtOr-   ia  Vermont  Central  and  NI:them  R.R.  to  OgdenBbii'g,  thence  ac  before  [448  m.lo 

H«tels  i  The  Rumell  House  ($2.50  to  i|  i  a  day),  near  the  Parliament  Buildings ; 
DanieV»  Hotel  (|2  a  day),  in  the  Ujiper  Town  ;  the  Albion  Hotel,  on  CourtHo'ise 
Square. 

^TTAWA,  the  capital  of  the  Domii.ion  of  Canada,  is  situated  on  the  8.  bank  of 
the  OttawH  Kiver,  nt  the  mouth  of  the  Ridean.  It  is  divided  into  an  Jpper 
and  Lower  Tovm  by  the  Rideau  Canal,  which  passes  thr.^ugh  it  and  connects  it  with 
Kingston,  on  Lake  Ontario.  The  canal  is  crossed  wituin  the  city  limits  by  two 
bridges,  one  of  stone  and  one  ol  stone  and  iron,  and  has  eight  massive  locks. 
Bridge;  also  connect  Ottawa  with  the  suburban  towns  of  Hull  and  New  Edinburgh, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ottawa  River.  The  streets  are  wide  and  regular,  the 
principal  ones  being  Sparks  and  Sussex.  The  former  is  the  popular  promenade,  and 
contains  die  leading  retail-shops,  etc.  Horse-oars  traverse  the  main  tboroughfaref , 
anA  connect  the  ciiy  with  towns  across  the  river  (fare,  6c.).  Ottawa  was  origi- 
ginally  called  Bytown,  in  honor  of  Colonel  By,  of  the  Royal  Engineers,  by  whom  it 
W)>.  ^aid  out  in  1 827.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  under  its  present  name  in  1854, 
and  was  selected  by  Queen  Victoria  as  the  seat  of  the  C'anadian  Government  in 
1858.  It  has  grov  -i  rapidly  since  the  latter  date,  and  now  has  a  population  of  about 
23,000.  The  city  is  the  entrepot  of  the  lumber-trade  of  the  Ottawa  and  its  ii  ibu- 
taries,  and  has  a  numl  3r  of  large  saw-mills,  several  flour-mills,  and  manufactorie'i 
of  iron-casfings,  mill  mac^'.inery,  agricultural  implements,  etc. 


ere  are  also  jilensant 

e  days  befort*  Quebec 

inssive  ruin,  standing 

ess  at  tl»e  foot  of  the 

untain.      Lorette,  an 

f  tbe  il  iron  Indians, 

0  ni.  drive  along  the 

rles  River.    The  falls 

are  very  picturescjue, 

nrlet",  a  famous  fish- 

a  few  miles  oft".     The 

ci,  8  m.  below  Quebec, 

and  50  ft.  wide,  and 

beantiful.     A  short 

he  Fails  is  the  "  Man- 

which  the  Duke  of 

suninior  of  1791 ;  and 

e  are  the  curious  Nat- 

ccession  of  ledges  cut 

1  the  liniestoGO  rook, 

high,  and  as  regularly 

hey  were  the  work  of 

The  Falls  of  the  Chaa- 

re  reached   ria  Point 

poaite  siiie  of  the  St 

e  rapid   river  plunges 

ft.  wide  over  a  j)reci- 

,  presenting  very  much 

ling  water,  whence  its 

river  St.  Anne,  24  m. 

borliood  of  picturesque 


Qrand  Trunk  R.  U.  to  P»«b- 
j(w  York  i4a  Nf  w  Voik  Oeu- 
>tti!W8  R.  B.  [447  m.].  From 
:e  af>  before  [443  m.]) 

Parliament  Buildings ; 

Hotel,  on  Court  Ho'ise 

uatod  on  the  S.  bank  of 
divided  into  an  Upper 
it  and  connects  it  with 
the  city  limits  by  fwo 
18  eight  massive  locks. 
II  and  New  Edinburgh, 
>  wide  and  regular,  the 
iopular  promenade,  and 
lie  main  tboroughfarer , 
.).  Ottawa  was  origi- 
Enginecrs,  by  whom  it 
i  present  name  in  1864, 
madian  Government  in 
IS  a  population  of  about 
I  Ottawa  and  its  iiibu- 
lills,  and  manufactorie'i 
;o. 


OTTAWA. 


153 


Ottawa  is  substantially  built,  containing  many  stone  edifices,  but  the  Gtmaacat 
talMl^fit.  are  the  chief  feature  of  the  city.  They  form  three  sides  of  a  vast  quad- 
rangle on  an  eminence  known  as  Barrack  Hill,  150  ft.  above  the  river,  and  cost 
nearly  $4,000,000  The  8.  side  of  the  quadrangle  is  formed  by  the  Parliament- 
House,  which  is  472  ft.  long  and  572  ft.  deep  from  the  front  of  the  main  tower  to 


Parliament'IIouiie,  Ottawa. 

the  rear  of  thp  library,  the  body  of  the  building  being  40  ft.  high  and  the  central 
towei"  180  f*^.  The  Departmental  Buildings  run  N.  from  this,  forming  the  E.  and  W. 
sides  of  the  quadrangle ;  the  Eastern  block  is  318  ft.  long  by  25.3  tt.  deep,  and  the 
Western  211  tY.  long  by  277  deep.  They  contain  the  various  Government  bureaus, 
the  Pout-Office  and  the  Model-Room  of  the  Patent- Offiee,  being  in  the  west  block. 
The  buildings  are  constructed  in  the  Italian-Gothic  style,  of  crenm-colored  sand- 
stone. Tlie  archta  of  the  doors  and  windows  are  of  red  Potsdam  sandstone,  the 
external  ornamental  work  of  Ohio  sandstone,  and  the  colunms  and  arches  of  the 
legislative  chambers  of  marble.  The  roofs  are  covered  with  green  and  purple 
slates,  and  the  pinnacles  are  ornamented  with  iron  (lainted  in  brilliant  colors.  The 
legislative  chambers  are  capacious  and  richly  furnished,  and  have  stained-glass  win- 
dows. The  Senate-Hall  is  reached  to  the  r.  from  the  main  entrance  (which  is  un- 
der the  central  tower).  The  viceregal  canopy  and  throne  are  at  one  end  of  this 
hall,  and  at  the  other  are  a  marble  statue  and  a  ])ortrait  of  Queen  Victoria,  togeth- 
er with  full-length  portraits  of  George  III.  and  Queen  Charlotte  by  Sir  Joshna 
Reynolds.  The  Chamber  of  Commons  is  reached  to  the  1.  from  the  entrance,  and 
contains  some  bcautirk.!  marble  columns  and  arches.  The  Library  is  a  handsome 
polygonal  structure  on  the  N.  front  of  the  Parliament-House,  containing  at  present 
about  40,000  volumes.  The  quadrangle  is  neatly  laid  out  and  planted  with  trees, 
and  has  a  massive  stone  wall  along  its  front.  EMmi  Hall,  the  offi'^ial  residence  of 
the  Governor-General,  is  in  New  Edinburgh,  across  the  Ottawa  River. 

After  the  Government  Buildings,  the  most  important  edifice  in  the  city  is  the 
Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  of  Kotre-Daae,  wliidi  is  one  of  the  handsomest  churches  in 
Canada.  It  is  a  spacious  stone  structure,  with  double  spires  200  ft.  high.  The  in- 
terior is  imposing,  and  contains  a  painting  ("The  Flight  into  Egypt ")  which  is  at- 
tributed to  Murillo.  Other  handsome  church  edifices  are  St.  Andrew^H  (Presbyte- 
rian), and  St.  PatricVi  (Roman  Catholic).    The  Ottawa  Unitertity  (Roman  Catho- 


154 


HAND-BOOK   OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


He)  has  H  large  Itnilding  in  Wilhrod  St.,  and  the  Ladietf  College  (Protectant),  a  very 
hanJ.4oine  one,  in  All>ert  St.  Tiie  Gray  KiDBery  in  an  impoHinf  ."^tone  structure  at  tlie 
corner  of  Bolton  and  Snssex  Sts.  The  Blatl!  Nunnery  has  se  erol  bnildipgs  just  E. 
of  Oartier  Square.  There  are  in  the  city  two  convents,  two  hospitals,  three  orphan 
asylums,  and  n  Magdalen  asylum.  The  eight  massive  Canal  Loch,  within  the  cor- 
poration limkb,  are  worth  u  visit. 

The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Ottawa  is  i>ictures(jue  and  grand.  At  the  W.  ex- 
tremity are  the  ihaidlere  Falls,  named  after  those  near  Quebec.  They  are  4U  ft.  high 
and  over  200  ft.  wide;  they  are  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  river,  and  the  waters 
that  flow  over  them  are  strongly  comjiressed  by  the  rocks  that  stretch  out  and  im- 
pede them.  In  the  great  ChandUre  (or  caldron)  the  sounding-line  has  Hot  found 
bottom  at  300  ft.  Immediately  below  the  falls  is  a  suspension-bridge,  from  which  a 
superb  view  is  obtained.  One  mile  above  the  city  are  the  Little  Chandiire  Falh, 
13  ft.  high,  and  2  m.  above  are  the  rapids  known  as  St.  Jlemoux.  The  Be  Cheine 
Itapkh.  8  m.  above  Ottawa,  have  a  fall  of  9  ft.  The  Rldfaa  fUls,  two  in  number, 
are  in  the  N.  E.  portion  of  the  city  on  the  Kidean  River,  and  are  very  attractive, 
ti.  >ngh  eclipsed  by  the  grandeur  of  the  Chaudiere.  It  being  impossible  safely  to 
run  lumber  over  the  falls,  '■  shoots  "  or  inclined  pianos  have  been  constructed,  down 
which  the  rafts  rush  with  amazing  rapidity. 


TORONTO. 

(Toronto  i<>  retched  from  Montreal  by  Btoamer  on  theSt.  Lawrence  Rivor  and  Lake  Ontario  Tthis  U  an 
ec^oyable  t  "Ip  In  SDmrner]  ;  ilso  »<«  Grand  Trunk  B.  R.  [883  m.l.  From  New  York  via  Albany  and 
Buffalo  or  Maeara  Falls  to  LewUton,  and  thence  via  bteamer  on  Lake  Ontario  ;  or  via  New  York 
Central  and  Oreat  Western  R.  R.  to  llntnllton.  and  ihence  iHa  Grand  Trunk  R.  R.  From  Boston 
via  any  of  the  routes  to  Montreal  [»ee  "  Montreal "),  and  thence  as  above.  i<  rom  the  West  via  De- 
troit.) 

Hotplgi  The  lioKxin  Hoiine  (|2  to  %^  a  day),  cor.  King  and  York  Sts. ;  Qveen'x 
Hotel  ($3  a  day),  in  Front  St. ;  Revere  ffoiue  (|1.50  a  day),  in  King  St. ;  and  Anieri- 
ean  Hou*e.  in  Yonge  St. 

TORONTO,  the  capital  of  the  Province  of  Ontario,  and,  next  to  Montreal,  the 
largest  and  most  populous  citv  in  Canada,  is  situated  on  n  beautiful  circular 
bay  on  the  N.  W.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,"  in  lat.  43°  39'  N..  and  Ion.  79°  21'  W.  llie 
bay  is  entered  by  a  narrow  opening,  and  is  separated  from  the  lake  by  a  low  penin- 
sula (known  as  Gibraltar  Point)  6  m.  long,  and  inclosing  a  beautiful  basin,  which 
affords  a  safe  and  spacious  harbor.  The  site  of  the  city  is  low,  but  rises  gently  from 
the  water's  edge.  The  streets  arc  regular  and  in  general  well  paved,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  King  and  Tirnge  Sta.  are  the  leading  thoroughfares,  and  con- 
tain the  principal  retail  shops,  etc.  The  latter  extends  through  a  flourishing  agri- 
cultural distri(;t  to  Lake  Simcoe,  36  m.  distant.  Otiier  important  streets  in  the 
business  quarter  are  Front,  Queen,  York,  liichmond,  and  Bay.  Many  of  the  houses 
and  business  structures  are  built  of  liglit-colored  brick,  of  a  soft,  pleasing  tint.  The 
growth  of  Toronto  has  been  more  rapid  than  that  of  any  other  Canadian  city.  It 
was  founded  in  1794  by  Governor  Simcoe,  who  gave  it  the  name  of  York,  changed, 
when  it  was  incorporated  as  a  city,  in  1834,  to  Toronto — meaning  in  the  Indian 
tongue,  "  The  place  of  meeting."  In  1813  it  was  twice  captured  by  the  Americans, 
who  destroyed  the  fortifications  and  burnt  the  public  buildings.  In  1817,  the  popu- 
lation was  ojily  1,200;  in  1852,  it  was  80,768;  in  1801,  44,821 ;  and  is  now  upward 
of  00,000.  The  commerce  of  the  city  is  very  extensive,  the  exports  in  1871  amount- 
ing to  $2,118,978,  and  the  imports  to  $10,854,265.  Its  manufactures  inclndti  iron 
and  other  founderies,  flour-mills,  distilleries,  breweries,  paper,  furniture,  etc. 

The  finest  buildings  in  the  city  and  among  the  finest  of  the  kind  in  America  are 
those  of  the  UnlMrsl*-  of  Tonmtw,  standing  in  a  large  park,  and  approached  by  College 
Ave.,  which  is  ^  m  '<  ing  and  lined  with  double  rows  of  noble  trees.  The  buildings 
form  three  sides  of  a  large  quadrangle.  They  are  of  gray  rubble  stonp,  trimmed 
with  Ohio  and  Caen  stone,  and  are  admirable  specimens  of  the  pure  Norman  archi- 
tecture. In  the  centre  of  the  S.  facade  is  a  massive  tower  120  ft.  high,  through 
which  is  the  main  entrance.    The  University  was  founded  in  1827,  has  a  liberal 


ie  (Protentant),  a  very 
.'tone  stnictiire  at  tlie 
ei-al  bnildipga  just  E. 
oa|>itnl8,  three  orphan 
Loclai,  witliin  tlie  cor- 

rand.  At  the  W.  ex- 
Tliey  are  40  ft.  high 
river,  and  the  watern 
nt  Htretch  out  and  ini- 
ing-line  lias  (iot  found 

bridge,  from  which  a 

ittU  OhttHdUre  Falh, 
wux.    Tlie  Be  Cheine 

FrUld,  two  in  uumber, 
id  are  very  attractive, 
ig  inipotisible  safely  to 
een  constructed,  down 


nd  Lake  Ontario  [thiti  \t  an 

New  York  via  AlbanT  and 

Ontario  ;  or  via  New  Tfork 

rriink  B.  R.    From  Boston 

e  rom  the  Wei>t  vin  De- 

d  York  ats. ;  Qneen'x 
King  St. ;  and  Atmri- 

lext  to  Montreal,  the 
>ii  ft  beautiful  circular 
d  Ion.  7»°  21' W.    The 
3  lake  by  a  low  penin- 
beautiful  basin,  which 
,  but  rises  gently  from 
1  paved,  crossing  each 
loroughfares,  and  con- 
Jgh  a  flourishing  agri- 
portant  streets  in  the 
Many  of  the  houses 
ft,  pleasing  tint.     The 
ler  Canadian  city.     It 
me  of  York,  changed, 
neaning  in  the  Indian 
ed  by  the  Americans, 
I.     In  1817,  thepopn- 
;  and  is  now  upward 
ports  in  1871  amount- 
ifactures  inclnd«  iron 
furniture,  etc. 
kind  in  America  are 
pproached  by  Gollege 
trees.    The  buildings 
ubble  stone,  trimrae<1 
pure  Norman  arohi- 
20  ft.  high,  through 
1  1827,  has  a  liberal 


TORONTO. 

endowment ;  and  possesses  a  library  of  20,000  volumes,  a  fine  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  and  a  completely-equipped  laboratory.     It  has  14  instructors  and  82  schol- 


Unlvitrslty  of  Toronto. 

arsliips.  Knox  College,  a  Presbyterian  institution,  is  a  short  distance  N.  of  the 
Dniversity.  Adjoining  the  University  grounds  on  the  £.  is  the  Qacci's  Park,  com- 
prising about  60  acres  skillfully  laid  out  and  pleasantly  shaded.  In  the  Park  is  a 
fine  bronze  statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  and  a  monument  (consisting  of  a  brown-stone 
shaft  surmounted  by  a  colossal  marble  statue  of  Britannia)  to  the  memory  of  the 
Canadians  who  fell  in  repelling  the  Fenian  invasion  of  1866.  The  Potit-Offiee,  an 
elegant  stone  building  in  the  Ionic  style,  stands  at  the  head  of  Toronto  8t.  The 
City  Hall,  in  Front  St.  near  the  lake-shore,  is  an  unpretentious  structure  in  the 
Italian  style,  standing  in  the  midst  of  an  open  square.  Near  by  is  the  spacious 
Laurenee  Mu'rhet.  The  Gu»tom-Hotue  is  a  large  building  in  P'ront  St.  near  the  har- 
bor ;  and  the  Coiirt-Hoiue  is  in  Church  St.  OsgMdt  Hall,  in  Queen  St.,  is  an  impos- 
ing building  of  the  Grecian-Ionic  order,  containing  the  Provincial  law  courts  and  an 
excellent  law  library.  The  St,  Latorenee  Hall,  in  King  St.,  is  a  stately  stone  struct- 
ure in  the  Italian  style,  surmounted  by  a  dome,  and  containing  a  public  hall,  tews- 
room,  etc.  The  Masonic  Hall,  an  ornate  stone  building,  is  in  Toronto  St.  near  the 
Post-OflSce.  The  Merehnntt'  Exchange,  in  Wellington  St.  near  Church,  is  a  new  and 
elegant  building  in  the  Italiah  style,  and  is  an  interesting  place  to  visit  during  busi- 
ness hours. 

The  Cathedral  vf  St.  Jaacs  (Episcopal),  cor.  King  and  Church  Sts.,  is  a  spacious 
stone  edifice  in  the  Gothic  style  of  the  thirteenth  century,  with  an  unfinished  tower,  a 
clerestory,  chancel,  and  elaborate  open  roof,  of  the  perpendicular  style.  It  is  200  by 
116  ft.,  and  is  surrounded  by  shady  gronr^ds.  The  Cathedral  i)f  St.  Michael  (Roman 
Catholic),  in  Church  St.  near  Queen,  is  a  lofty  and  spacious  edifice  in  the  decorated 
Gothic  style,  with  stained-glass  windows  and  a  spire  260  ft.  high.  The  WcstojM 
MethMUat  Ckvch,  on  MoGill  Square,  is  '.bb  linest  church  of  the  denomination  m  Cana- 
da. It  has  a  massive  tower  surmounted  by  graceful  pinnacles,  and  a  rich  and  taste- 
ful interior.  Trinity  and  St.  Qeorg^n  (both  Epibcopal)  are  neat  examples  of  the  per- 
pendicular Gothic  style.  Kncai't  Church  (Presbyteriau),  in  Queen  St.  near  Yonge, 
is  in  th»  decorated  Gothic  style,  with  a  fine  tapered  spire,  enriched  at  the  base  with 
clusters  of  pinnacles,  and  pierced  with  traoeried  spire-lights. 


wy-fe««»«a  i^SfA,Hristei'S^JIS^'SJ;!ii33|£Slli; ' 


106 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  CITIES. 


In  Oliuroh  St.,  near  tlie  Cathedral  of  St.  James,  is  the  oommodions  building  of  the 
College  of  Teehmthgy,  which  besides  the  College  contains  the  library  (7,000  volumes) 
imd  reading-room  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute.  The  Normal  School,  the  Model 
Sehoolg,  and  the  Edumtumal  Muteu'm,  are  plain  buildings  in  the  Italian  style,  grouped 
so  as  to  produce  a  picturesque  effect,  standing  amid  park  like  grounds  in  Church  St. 
The  Hnseuui  con  tarns  some  good  paintings  and  casts,  and  a  collection  of  curiosities. 
TriBltjr  Cellete,  in  Queen  St.  west,  overlooking  the  bay,  is  a  spacious  and  pi-ituresque 
building,  260  ft.  long,  with  numerous  turrets  and  quaint  gables.  It  is  surrounded 
by  extensive  grounds,  tapper  Canada  College  is  a  plain  red-brick  building  fronting 
on  King  St.  near  John.  The  Provincial  Lunatic  Aeplum  is  a  large  and  hanfJiwrne 
building  with  200  acres  of  ornamental  grounds  W.  of  the  city.  E.  of  the  city  (Don 
St  near  Sumach)  is  the  fine  structure  of  the  General  HoapiUil.  The  CryetM  Pnl-aee, 
in  which  are  held  annual  exhibitions  of  the  pro<lucts  of  the  Province,  is  an  extensive 
building  near  the  Lunatic  Asylum.  The  Loretto  Abbey,  in  Wellington  Place,  is  the 
principal  nunnery  in  the  city.  The  Toronto  Nerropolumd  the  St.  Jainee  Cemetery, 
both  in  the  N.  E.  extremity  of  the  city,  are  the  leading  cemeteries. 

The  drives  in  the  vicinity  of  Toronto  are  not  especially  attractive,  though  one  or 
two  are  pleasant  enough,  especially  the  one  along  the  lake,  on  a  fine  day,  when  tlie 
water  is  covered  with  steam  and  sailing  vessels  of  all  kinds  and  sizes,  from  the  Royal 
Mail-Steamers  to  the  "  shell "  of  tlie  oarsman. 


TABLE  OF  RAILWAY  FARES. 


167 


lions  building  of  the 
rary  (7,000  volumes) 
School,  the  Model 
talian  style,  grouped 
ounds  in  Olinroh  St. 
iction  of  curiosities. 
)U8  and  pificnresque 
.  It  is  surrounded 
ok  bniiiling  fronting 
urge  and  han'l'wnie 
E.  of  the  city  (Don 
fhe  OrygUtl  pfff^tee, 
inue.  iH  an  extensive 
lington  Place,  is  the 
?t.  Jmnet  Gemetsry, 

tive,  though  one  or 

fine  <1ay,  when  tlie 

izes,  from  the  Royal 


TABLB  OF  RAILWAY  FARII8 

Pbom  Nxw  Yobk  to  th«  Liadhcq  Cirm  and  PbAom  or  Ixtibkit  in  trb  Unitbd  Statm  add  Oaxaoa. 

gr*  The  RallrM4  wumA  la  that  by  nrhkh  the  tnntar  Imtm  New  Tark. 


NEW  YORK  TO 


KW 


Price  of  throocfa- 
lioketa. 


Albany,  N.Y. 


Atlanta,  Ga 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

Augusta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 


Hudson  River  R.  R 

Steanivr 

Pennsylvania  R.  R 

New  Jersey  Southern  R.  R. 
Pennsvlviinia  R.  R 


BuflSilo,  N.  Y 

Burlington,  Iowa . . 
Cape  May,  N.  J. . . . 
Charleston,  S.  C. . . 
ChattanoO|2a,  Teiin. 
Chicago,  III 


New  York  k  New  Haven  R.  R 

Fall  River  SceamboatK  or  "  Btoiiington  Line  " . 
New  York  Central  or  Erie  R.  R 


Pennsylvania  R.  R. . 


Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,    "     

Colorado  Springs,  Col. . . . 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Delaware  Wnter-Gap,  Pa. 

Denver,  Col 

Detroit,  Mich 

Gttlvestoi),  Texas 

Hartford,  Conn 

Houston,  Texas, 

Indianapolis,  Ind 


Jacksonville,  Fin.  . 
Kansas  City,  Mo. . . 
Little  Rock,  Ark. .. 
Long  Branch,  N.  J. 


Louisville,  Ky. . . 
Lynchburg,  Va. . 

Macon,  Ga 

Madison,  Wis. .. 
Memphis,  Tenn. . 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 


New  York  Ceniral,  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  or  New  Jer- 
sey Central  R.  R 

Erie,  Pennsylvania  or  New  Jersey  Centrnl  R.  R. . . 

Erie,  New  York  Central  or  Pennsylvania  R.  R. . . . 

Pennsylvania,  Erie,  or  New  York  Central  B.  R. . . . 
"  or  New  Jersey  Central  R.  R 

Morris  k  Essex  R.  R 

Pennsylvania,  Erie,  or  New  York  Central  R.  R. . . . 

New  York  Central  or  Erie  R.  R 

Pennsvlvania  or  Erie  R.  R 

New  York  k  New  Haven  R.  R 

Pennsylvania  or  Erie  R  R 

;  Erie,  New  York   Central,  Pennsylvania,  or  New 
I        Jersey  Central  R.  R 

Ponnsvlvania  R.  R 

I  Erie,  Pennsylvanid,  or  New  York  Central  R.  R.. 

New  Jersey  Southern  (steamboat  from  Pier  8,  North 

I        River) 

!  Erie,  Pennsvlvania,  or  New  Jersev  Central  R.  R.. . 
;  Pennsvlviinia  R.  R 


Mobile,  Ala 

Montgomery,  Ala. . 
Montreal,  Can . . . . , 
Nashville,  Tenn. . . 
New  Haven,  Conn. 
New  Orleans,  La. . , 
Nev/port,  R.'I 


New  York  Central,  Erie,  or  Pennsylvania  R.  R 

Pennsylvania  or  Erie  R.  R 

New  York  Central,  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  or  New 

Jersey  Central  R.  R 

Pennsylvania  or  Erie  R.  R 


R. 


Niagara  Falls . 
Oil  City,  Pa. . 
Omaha,  Neb. . 


Ottawa,  Can 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Pittsburg,  Pa. . . 


New  York  Central  R.  R  . . 
Pennsylvania  or  Erie  R.  R. 
New  York  k  New  Uaven  R, 

Pennsylvania  or  Erie  R.  R 

New  York  &  New  Haven  R.  R.  (Fall  River  Steam 

ers,  $8) ... 

Erie  or  New  York  Central  R.  R 

Erif^R.  R , 

Naw  York  Central,  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  or  New 

Jersev  Central  R.  R 

New  York  Central  R.  R.. 

Pennsylvania  R.  R 

Pennsylvania  or  New  Jersey  Central  R.  R 


$8  10 
2  00 

27  60 
8  00 

20  00 
6  20 
6  00 
4  00 

0  26 
29  26 

4  no 

26  00 

27  00 

22  00 

20  00 

14  26 
83  76 
17  60 

2  66 
78  00 
16  26 
66  26 

8  00 
66  00 

21  00 
86  06 
88  00 

41  00 

1  00 
24  00 

15  00 
29  86 
26  60 
88  60 

26  00 
40  60 
86  00 
12  00 
81  46 

2  00 

42  60 

6  00 

9  26 
12  80 

88  00 

12  00 

2  76 

12  fiO 


168 


r 


HAND-BOOK  OF  AMIRIOAK   CITIES. 
TABUa  OF  BAILWAT  FARUa— (Oontinnad.) 


NBW  YORK  TO 

PortUuid,Me 

Providence,  R.  I 

Quebec,  Can 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Siicraraento,  ChI 

St.  Augustini',  Fla 

St.  Josepli,  Mo 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah... 
San  Francisco,  Cal. .  . . . 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 

Savannah,  Ga 

Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y . . 

Springfield,  III 

Springfield,  Mass. ..... 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Toronto,  Can 

Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y . . . 

Yioksburg,  Miss 

WaAiington,  D.  C 

Wtttkins  Glfln,  N.  Y... 
White  Mountains,  N.  H 

White  Sul.  Springs,  Va 

Wilmington,  N.  C 

Yosemite  Valley,  Cal . . 


VIA 


PrlMofthrowb- 
TlokeU 


New  York  ft  New  Haven  R.  R.  (or  steamer  to  Fall 
River  or  Stonington) 

New  York  k  New  Haven  R.  R.  (or  steamer  to  Ston- 
ington, $3)  

New  York  ft  New  Haven  R.  R 

Pennsylvania  R.  R j 

New  York  Central  or  Erie  R.  R 

New  York  Central,  Eric.  Pennsylvania,  or  Newj 
Jersey  Central  K.  R i 

Pennsylvania  R.  R | 

New  York  Central,  Erie,  or  Pennsylvania  R.  B.. .  .i 
11  11  II  >•  J 


R. 


New  York  Central  R.R.... 

Pennsvlvania  R.  R 

New  York  Central  R.  R. . . 
Pennsylviinia  or  Erie  R.  R. 
New  York  ft  New  Haven  R, 
Erie  or  Pennsylvania  R.  R. . . . 
Erie  or  New  York  Centnil  R  R 

New  Yorli  Central  R.  R 

Pennsylvnnia  or  Erie  R.  R. .  .  . 

Pennsylvania  R.  R 

New  York  Central  or  Erie  R.  R 

New  York  ft  New  Haven  R.  R.  (or  r.ceamer  ronte 

to  Boston) 

Pennsylvania  R.  R 


Punasylvania,  Erie,  or  New  York  Central  R.  R. . . . 


|9  SO 

5  00 
14  BO 
12  8B 

1  68 


188  00 

40  16 
38  00 

.27  00 

86  00 

117  60 

188  00 

4  rtS 

28  80 

6  IB 
26  BO 

8  75 

17  BO 
12  26 

B  72 

41  00 

7  80 
7  90 

11  26 

18  06 
22  00 

190  00 


•d.) 


PrtMofthroivb- 

TlokeU 

to  Fall 

|S  50 

0  Ston- 

B  00 

14  60 

12  80 

1  88 

•r  New 

188  00 

40  16 

.  R.... 

38  00 

.27  00 

>  •  >  * 

'    86  00 

117  BO 

188  00 

4  rtB 

28  80 

6  16 

26  60 

■  •••••• 

8  7B 

17  60 

12  26 

ft  72 

41  00 

7  60 

7  90 

er  route 

11  26 

18  05 

i.'k!  ." '. '. 

22  00 
190  00 

INDEX. 


I'AOK 

AdrUD,Mtch W 

Akron,  0 8*1 

AUine<la.Cal IM 

Alb«uy,l».Y 68! 

Alexandria,  Va    SO  | 

Alglen.U 144  1 

Alleirhany  Moontainii TT.  100 

Allegheny  CMty.  PR W 

Allentown,  Pa W 

Altamont,  Md 100 

Alton,III no 

Altoona,  I'a V 

Ann  ArlMir,  Mich 80 

Anthooy'a  Node.  N.  Y M 

Aqala  Creek,  Va HI 

Archer,  Wt 118 

Ar".ngtou  Hoiiiip,  Va BO 

Aihlaad,  Va IW 

Aabnn>,N.Y 68  i 

Aarora,  III 117  i 

Aurora,  Ind 107  I 

Athens,  0 101  I 

Atlanta,  Oa 187  ! 

Raltlmore,  Md )» 

Batavia,N.Y B6 

Bay  St.  LonU.  La IW  I 

Beacon  Hill,  N.  Y M 

BearMonnUln.  N.  Y n 

Belle  Iile,  MlchlMn 8S 

Bie  Bone  Lick,  Ky 107 

Blloxl,  La 189 

Blngfaamton,  N.  Y AS 

Birmingham,  Pa . . .  79 

BlalrsvITle,  Pa 77 

Bloominston,  HI 110 

Boston,  Haas flO 

Brandy  wine  THrer 86 

Breakneck  Bill.  N.  r    68 

Bridgeport,  Conn 70 

Brighton,  Mass 00 

Brookline,  MasK 80 

Brooklyn,  N.Y 90 

BnUhlo,  N.  Y 8« 

Bnrltngton,  Iowa 117 

Bnttermtlk  FaUi,N.Y 68 

Caldwell's  Landing,  N.  Y 5> 

Cambridge,  Maas 60 

C«mden,  8.  C 180 

Canandairaa,  N.  Y 66 

Canton,  O 89 

Carrollton,  Ky 107 

Carrollton,  La 144 

Castle  Rock,  Utah 119 

Cat8kill,N.Y 68 

Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa 117 

Charleston,  S.  C 181 

Charlestown,  Mass (b 

Chandidre  Falln,  Can -. . . .  158, 164 

Cheat  River  Valley,  W.  Vh 100 

CheIfea,MatB 09 

Chester,  Pa 86 

Cheyenne,  Wy 1 18 

Chicago,  ni 80 

Chlllicotbe.  0 101 

Cincinnati,  0 101 

Cleveland.0 84 

Cold  Spring,  N.Y 69 

Coirax-CaT 190 

Cclnmbta,  S.  C ISO 

Colamhns,  O 87 

Concord,  Haas 69 

Oonneant,  0 88 

Corawall,N.  Y M 

Oorry,  Pa 97 

Coanctl  Blnft,  Iowa 117 

CoTlnRtqn,Ky 106 

Creston,  Wy 119 


PAua 

Cro*  Most,  N.Y W 

Croton  >V>int,  N.  Y M 

v.dmberland,  Md  100 

Dan's  MounUln,  Md MO 

Davenport,  Iowa lit 

Dayton,  0 98 

De  Cbelne  Rapids,  Can IM 

De.^'ilt.  N.  Y. m 

De»  Moines,  Iowa llf 

Detroit,  Mich 80 

Diincannon,  Pa 77 

Danderborg  Monntalu.  N.Y M 

Dunkirk,  if.  Y 88 

Kast  Hartford,  Conn 74 

East  Liberty,  Pa 79 

Baston,  Pa 80 

Bast  St.  Louis,  III 110 

Bcho  Caflon,  Utah 119 

BIlBahetb,  N  J 98, 88 

KIkhart,  Ind 80 

BIkhom,  Neb 118 

Blko,Nev 110 

BUicott's  Mills,  Md 90 

Klmira.N.  Y 88 

Klysville.Md 00 

Fairfield,  Conn 70 

FaU  River.  Max* 00 

FAI.LS: 

Bnttermllk Bl 

Chaudidre 169,154 

Oenusee , 87 

Little  Chaudidre 104 

MontmorencI ISO 

Niagara 109 

Rldean 104 

St.  Anne UO 

FiBhklll  Landing,  N.  Y BO 

Florence,  S.  C 180 

Flirt  Wayne,  Ind 80 

Frederick  JancUon.  Mi' Oa 

Frederickubnrg,  Va 116 

FreehoM.Pa 97 

Fnlton,  III m 

Oalesbais,  111 117 

Qasp^  Point,  B.  1 78 

Georgetown  D.  C 00 

OoUsboro,  N.  C 180 

Omfton,  W.  Va 101 

Granger,  Utah...  110 

Greenbnsh.  N.  Y OB 

Green  River  Sutlon,  Wy 119 

Greenwich,  Conn 70 

Gretna,  La 144 

GroBselle,  MIrh 8B 

Oroese  Point,  Mich M 

Gnilford,  Conn 74 

Hamilton,  Can  80 

HamUton.  0 98 

Hanover  Junction,  Va 198 

Harper's  Perry,  Va 90 

Harrisbnrg,  Pa 77, 80 

Hartford,  Ct 79 

Haveretraw  Bay,  N.  Y M 

Havre  de  Grace,  Md 80 

Homellsvllle,  N.  Y 88 

Hudson,  N.Y 01 

Hudson  River 08 

lona Island.  N.Y flt 

Iowa  City.  Iowa 117 

Irvington.N.  Y 01 

Jackaon,  Mich 80 

Jaffenonvllle,  Ind 107, 100 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 98 

Johnatown,  Pa 77 

Jollet,  ni 110,117 

JunlaU  Valley,  Pa 77 

Kalamaaoo.  Mich .- 80 


~^aS^i^3T?^^^SiiiS3SS^^Z^^3i^^i^^^SS12if!^i^Si'i^^^S 


mmmMm:' ' 


160 


INDEX. 


V 


I 


, 


Uchlne  K«pldi.  Can 14H 

Lake  Ponlchartralii,  La 144 

Lancaster,  P* 77 

LaPnrts.Ind Vi 

Lawreucebufv,  Ind Wf 

Lexlnirton,  Mat* f.U 

Ltttlo  Chaiidlire  Valti,  Cat^ IM 

Little  Falla,  N  Y 6fl 

Lockport.N  \ U\ 

Logansport   Ind HH 

London,  O  m 

LouliYllle,  Ky  107 

Macon,  Qa 187 

Madtfon.  In-'   107 

(anch'Sti":'    In    .     79 

:vv,nai!f-!i;, ',      w,  ne 

■«rf*-.'dli.i'jif   '^^1.    ",» 100 

■J..  .•!'(. i>..<> 89 

...■,■.'..  i-V     98 


laO 


961 

w> 

187  1 

SO  I 


fKbi\u,,M» 

llohawk  iVlver,  ^ 

Mollne.lll 117  I 

MontKomery,  Ala 187 

MoDtmorencl  Falls,  Tan 1S9 

Montroal,  Can 14fi 

MountAlnr.Md 99 

Mount  Union  Mlatiou.  Pa 77 

Moant  Vernon,  Va SO 

Mystic,  Conn 74 

New  Albany,  lud UO 

Newark,  Del 8S 

Newark,  N.  J 88 

Newark.0 86 

New  Brunswick,  N.J 88 

Newbiirg,  N.  Y ...    68 

New  Haven,  Conn 70 

New  London,  Conn 74 

New  Orleans,  La 189 

Newporr,  Pb '.    77 

Newport.  R.  1 00 

New  York  City 5 

NlagarttPallH 53.80 

North  Bend,  Ind 109 

North  Platte,  Neb 118 

Norwalk,  Ct 70 

Nyack,  N.Y 63 

Oakland,  Cal ISO 

Oberlln,  O m 

Ogden,  UMh. 119 

Omaha.  Neb 117 

Oneida,  N.  Y 86 

Omnfreirine,  0 98 

Otlsvlne,  N.  Y 88 

Ottawa,  Can 188 

Ottowa,  III 117 

Owei{0,N.Y 88 

Parkersburg.  W.  Va 101 

Faeca^nla,  lia 189 

Pfterson,  N.J 88 

Pawtuzet,  R.  1 76 

Peeksktil,  N.  Y 88 

Petersbar?,  Va 180 

PhlUdelphIa,  Pa 88 

Piedmont,  W.  Va 100 

Plermont,  N.  f 61 

PIqua,  O 88 

PitMbcre,  Pa 77 

Platnfleld,  N.  J 88 

Ply  month,  Ind 88 

Point  of  Rockc.  Md 99 

Port  JerrlB,  N.Y 88 

PouirhkeepBle,  N.  Y 69 

Princeton,  N.  J «S 

Promontory  Point,  Utah 119 

Providence,  R.  I 74 

Pnt-ln-Bay  Island!) 84 

Quebec,  Can 148 


FA-'.* 

Quiiicy,  Mau M 

Racine,  Wis.... A 

Heading,  Pa. ^■■ 

Richmond,  Va 

•tliMau  Falls,  Can ;;•* 

Rochester,  N.  Y V 

Rocklslai  ICItMll i:t 

Rocky  Point,  R.  1 '4 

Rome,  N.  Y '4 

Hijoramento,  Ctl 'iS) 

Halamaiica,  N,  Y 

Ssleni.O W 

Salt  Uk-  City,  Utah 119 

Han  Frar"l«co,  Cel Itl 

8a.-::'"j,  Cal l»t 

Sa '  iniiah,  Oa lib 

Schenectady,  Wy 86 

Sherman,  N.  Y 119 

Sholiola,  Pa 88 

Sidney,  Neb 118 

Sln^  sing,  N.Y 88 

Sir  John's  Knn.  W.  Va .• lOO 

Sloatsbnra.  N.  Y 82 

Soniprvlllc,  N.  J 88 

South  Bind.  Ind 86 

Himth  Mountain,  Md 99 

Sprliiiricld,  III 110 

SprinKflold.  O 98 

Stamford,  Conn 70 

St.  Anne  Falls,  Can 1B8 

St.  Catherine's,  Cun 80 

8i«ub«nvllle,  O 88 

St.LonIs,  Mo 110 

Stockton,  Cal 180 

Btnnlngton,  Conn 74 

Stony  Polnt.N.  Y 88 

Storm-Klntr  MonnUIn,  N.  Y 88 

St.  Reinoaz  Bapldii.  Can 184 

Suffcrn'H  Station,  N.  Y 88 

Bu^r-Loaf  Monntaln.  N.  Y B8 

Bnramlt  Station,  Cal 180 

Sumter,  8.  C 180 

Suspension  Brldpa,  N.  Y 80 

fusquehanna,  N.  Y 88 
_yracu8e,N.  Y 86 

Tappan,  N.  Y  51 

Tappan  Zee,  i* .  Y 81 

Tarrytown,  N.  Y B» 

I  Taunton,  Mass 60 

I  Toano,  Nev 119 

Toledo.  0 86 

Toronto,  Can 164 

Trontim,  N.J 88 

Troy,  N.  Y 86 

I  Trucltoo,  Cal  180 

I  Turner's  Station,  N.  Y 88 

Tyrone  Cltv.  Pa 77 

I  Union  City.  Ind 88 

Urban8,0 98 

Utica,  N.l 56 

Valparaiso.  Ind 89 

VerpUnck's  Point,  N.  Y 59 

Wadsworth,  Nev 190 

Warsaw,  Ind 89 

Washington,  0.  C 40 

Washington  Junction,  Md ,.    99 

Weber  CafloD.  Utah 119 

Weldon,  N.C 180 

Westerly,  R.  1 74 

West  Point,  N,  Y 68 

Wethersfleld,  Conn 74 

Williams  Brldi?e,  N.  Y 70 

Will's  Mountain,  M.l 100 

Wilmington,  Del 88 

Wilmington,  N.  C 180 

Windsor.  Can 80 

XentK ,  O 98 

Yonkeo'.N.Y 81 

Youghlo,<jheny  River.  W.  V« 100 


,  ,mm.        ...aim 


HUM 


NM 


imp 


BURNETT'S  COCOAINE 

!5  Con\poii  (d  of  Cotioh.jSfut  Oil,  4d., 

J-OR  PROMOTING  THE  GROWTH  AND  FRITTER VI NG 
THE  BEAU!       OF  THE   HUMAN  HAIR 


NO  OTHEi:  CCMPOUND 

Pow'-' -ii  tho  pACQiluproi..  •<<'8w'-'  aBooxunt- 
!>  »i.i(  the  rtrtonn  concllUonk  of  tb«  btimin  hair 


It  Klfttnt  the  hair  uhtn  harih  and  dry. 
It  KOt/ift  tht  irrUated  $eatp. 
It  affoT'lf  the  richest  Ituttt. 
It  remaint  long^t  In  rfftet. 
rtprevenU  tht  hairfivm/atllng  (]§. 
It  promotet  Ut  healthy,  vigorov*  growth. 
It  it  not  greaty  nor  lUdty. 
It  kattt  no  ditagretatit  odor. 


A  REMARKABLE  OA4B. 

"  Ea«t  MiddlehoiuV,  X!  «h.,  i 
"  Junt  V,  tim.  \ 

"  MeMiw.  BvMKmnt  *  Co, 

'•  When  jny  AaHgUter'n  Imir  r>ain«>  off  hIip  hml 
been  nfllk'tcilwUb  nriiniliflii  in  her  hewl  tor  Shree 
yearn,  and  tor  two  years  after  her  himl  wiw  a» 
■mooth  a*  her  .'^ce. 

"  TbrouKh  the  recomniendatlon  of  a  (Hen<l  ahe 
WM  Induced  to  try  your  Co'oaimi,  anil  the  result 
wa«  aatuiKAhlnK'  nhe  hud  not  used  half  the  con- 
ttintiof  a  bottle  beloro  her  head  was  cover  d  "Ith 
Ada  yoiniK  bHir.  In  four  month"  b<r  ?itlr  ^M 
grown  neveinl  IncbeH  In  lenift^  'i 

and  Hiio,  and  of  a  ilarker  color 

■'t)he  atlll  continues  to  ui»'  .<  >  C( 
ooonecUon  with  the  Kalllito  .  .  'ii  t  - 
Uttlo  fbur  of  her  loalntr  ber  b* 

"Wltbrespec        f'.X. 


.8,  In 
J  but 


A  single  application  rendors  the  hair  (no  matter  how  «llff  and  dry)  oof  '  "i  '  ■  jr  several 
days.  It  la  conceded,  by  a'l  who  have  used  It,  to  bn  th«  betit  and  elma,.  ■  i  .»«? .  xiitjr!f*g 
in  the  uiortd.  It  promotes  the  OBOWTU  OF  THE  HAIB,  and  to  wl^lf  v  cVM  lU  Ini- 
Utlni;  matter. 

«•#•«• 


BURNETT'S 


CyNE, 


UNRIVALED  IN  RICHNESS  AND  D'lLICACY  OF  PEI.FUME. 

IK  QVilBTn  AHD  HALF  mm,  Plimi,  AMD  QUaSTIS. 

Wr  ca//  Spuria/  Attention  to  our  Colognt  Lul,  Four  Sixes,  at  Popular 
Prices,  in  Cork  and  Glass  Stoppers,  and  Wicker  Covering. 


"OoHTmMCTAI,   HOTBL,  I 

"  PaiLAOKLPHiA,  Pa.,  Junt  -20, 1S68.  f 
"  Messrs,  JusRPU  Borhitt  &  Oo. 

"Gkntliiikm:  While  tiavellng  abroad  last 
year,  wo  took  your  Cologne  with  as,  and,  after 
testing  sevenl  of  the  best  'German,'  foond  none 
of  them  equaled  yours.  I  know  of  mooy  Mends 
aa  empbatlo  In  its  flsvor  as  I  am. 

"  Very  truly  yours,    ,1.  E,  KinesLBT." 


"  St.  Chablbs  Hotbl,        I 
"Nbw  Oblbans,  Jt'sft.  19, 18T0.  f 
"  Messrs.  Jobbph  Bvbr btt  h,  Co. 

"Obhtlnhbs:  I  have  the  pleasure  to  ae- 
knowledge  receipt  of  your  very  acceptable  pres- 
ent. 

"  I  regard  both  the  Toilet  Companion  and  Co- 
logne OS  very  agreeable  and  fragrant  appendages 
to  the  toUet        Very  tmly  yours, 

■■OABunTA  Patti." 


"Messrs.  Josbpb  Bvr!(BTr  k,  Co. 

"  Obittlkmrh  ;    Thanks  for  the  elegant  pres- 
ent of  your  Toilet  Preparations ;    they  are  cer- 
tainly deserving   iny   nearty  reooni^mendatlon. 
Your  Cologne-water  la  dellghtf!;i. 
"Yonisver/ truly, 

"TflBODOBB  RiTTKB.' 
"EVBSBTT  IIOCUK,  1 

"Kbw  TiiBB,  March  18,  ISTl.  } 
"Messrs.  Josbpb  BintssTT  A;  Co. 

"Obhtlbiikn  :  I  have  received  yonr  elegant 
aouvenlreontslnlug  specimens  of  your 'OocoMns,' 
for  the  hair,  'FLommai.,'  tat  the  handkerchief, 
'  KalllstoD.'  which  has  been  reeoramended  to  me, 
yoru- '  Tooth  -  Wash,'  ond  tbe '  Cologne-  Water.'  1 
am  dellgbted  with  the  Oocooiiit.  and  all  of  these 
orilcles  I  have  used,  and  find  them  not  only 
agreeable,  but  usefUL 

"Tonrstmly,    Obbistinb  Nnssoif." 


T08EFE  BUBNSTT  ft  GO.,  Sole  Froprieton,  Boston,  Mass. 

FOB  SALE   BY  t>RUOOISTS  EVERYWHERE. 


■^wmrnmMM^i^^-^-- 


•^r^mm 


mmmmmmin  I-  iininn  WM  Wip>i<|ii*[ii.<Mii><B)i**^w>'Wi»WWHi*>Wlw> 


CHAWTON  HOm 


t 


OHARLBSTOiyr,  S.  C. 


It    mmi<i 


IW^if^ 


PROPRIETORS. 


TEL 


'iM~ 


k,..' 


NOSELET'S  NEW  HAVEN  HOUSE, 

Fronting  the  Park  and  opposite  Yale  College, 

la  OWNKD  AlfD  KEPT  BY  H,    H.    MOSKLKV, 

Who  for  t«n  yean  wiu  connoctml  with  the  flunoim  MaaHmtt  Houae,  8prini;flpld,  Mim.,  and  (br  I1v« 
yearn  piii  iner  of  the  cbannlnff  Breroort  Uouitc,  Nnvr  York,  It  ia  the  moft  oomplote,  I'oiiifbrtable, 
and  home-like  Hotel  In  the  city,  uod  one  of  the  boat  tu  b«  found  In  this  rountry.  Mr.  Moiwley  alM 
baa  the  Beitaiintnt  at  the  Railway  Station,  which  It  the  best  eatlng-plaee  (br  paaaengera  belweea 
New  York  and  lioaton.    AU  ixprtu  trains  $top  itn  minutet  at  New  liavtn. 


THE  MiSSiSOIT  HOUSE, 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASS., 
Jr.  <ft  JV.  8.  en  APIS,  pnopRiBTORH, 

Oppoaltfl  the  Railway  Station,  has  won,  daring  the  thirty  yean  of  Ita  anccaiafti]  career,  a  repntatton 
for  its  table  not  tnrpaaaed  by  any  Hotel  In  thla  eoontry. 

Beoent  improTementa  and  ehanxea  make  thU  popular  Houae  more  desirable  tiian  ever  tot  tnr- 
alera,  and  a  most  oomforuble  home  Ibr  IkinUlas  Journeying  from  the  cities  to  the  mountains. 


iS'*s^/S('««ra'/ 


T5;«rS5'"l-iltt3fc'-i!''''"-' 


"A  Nearer  ADDroiUuiloo  to  tte  REAL  SWAN  QDILL  ilu  kum  HlUffti  HmW 

TIIK   VONaTANTLr    INC'MAMINO   RALI   Of  THR 

DOUBLK    ILAtTIO 


Th.  M«ii»r.clorjr  of  lh«  C'dibnUil  <lp»li»«rl^u  Ptiit,  BlniilnirliMi..  K.ii«l*i>4. 

I*  owlii(f  to  lli..|r  ninerltn-  writiiia  qwUUiM,  M  •ttsdU^  »)V  th<>  <Mllt()rl«l  lndori*iii«nU  »f  over 
IMOO  iiaiHTK,  mill  f)V  iii<ircli»iilii.  lnwjrcni,  Md  )«nk<<n,  without  iiuiiiImt. 

They  iire  sll  luwie  of  the  hi-tl  iitei-l.  In  the  bft  inMiier,  by  the  be»t  workmen  In  Kui^i|m). 
FOR  SALE    BY    ALL   DEALERS. 

•,*To  MMominnddf  tho»«  who  m«y  wliih  to  try  thpue  pon«,  we  will  MDd  •  0«rd,  contalnlOK  one 
each  of  the  18  Ifumbert,  by  nmll,  on  receipt  orVA  cent*. 

iriSOJr,  BLJKEMAJ^',  TAYLOR   y-  CO., 

108  A   140  Orand  Street,  New   York. 


FOR  MAKING  BISCUIT,  A  FOOD  FOR  THE  DIABETIC  AND  DYSPEPTIC. 

PrepareA  ty  lOHN  W.  SHEDDEN.  PHamaclst, 

1375  Broadway,  cor.  y^th  St.,  and  No.  363  Bcnvery,  cor.  ^t'l  St.,  N.  Y. 


The  flour  is  put  up  in  10  lb.  tin  cage»,  at  |6.00 ;  and  In  packets,  at  60  centi, 
or  $6.01 1  per  dozen. 


THE  TOWIC  APEBkHBIf  1",  a  gentle  laxative  and  tonic,  admirably 
adapted  for  the  relief  of  persona  of  constipated  habit,  and  a  safe  and  efficient  medU 
cine  for  children  and  delicate  females.  60  cents  per  bottle,  For  Sale  by  John  W. 
Sheddkn,  Pharmacist,  New  yjrk. 

THE  ST.  REOIS  or  ABA88EMA  SPBINO  WATBKB. 

These  waters  have  been  found  of  singular  efficacy  as  a  remedial  agent,  in  Affections 
of  the  Kidneys  and  Liver,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Ophthalmia,  RheumatUra,  *c.  Oen- 
erul  Depot,  Broadway,  comer  34th  St.,  New  York. 


It. 


HlilertolDTeitel'' 


PESS, 


[UniL 

lu<l<iriH>iiivnU  nf  OT*r 
rkmen  In  Kun>p«, 

1 0*rd,  eonUlnlng  on<* 

i  y-  CO., 

••t,   N«w   York. 


URf 

ND  DYSPEPTIC. 

(iSt.,A\  y. 
icket8,  at  60  cents, 


id  touic,  admirably 
and  efficient  roedl- 
r  Sale  by  John  W. 

agent,  in  Aifectiona 
imatiam,  &c.    Uen- 


-sSBTScr«wnsn'-rr 


**^  '^V-''' V'^'*' 


^vr- 


S?w^ 


■MMiiiiiiiiiijiiii  mmmivwr^^ff'^'^f 


SL. 


''THE   ARLINGTON," 

WASHINOTON,  D.  0. 


»-«s«c 


T.  BOESSLE  A  SOIT,  Proprietors. 

Also  of  the  FORT  WILLIAM  HENRY  HOTEL,  Lakb  Gborob,  N«w  York. 


PARTICULARLY 

DESIRABLE 
roB 

I'AMlIilMS 

AND 

Summer  Tourists. 


46 


AMERICAN, 


5» 


BOSTON-. 


ConTeniently  located  for  Businesa  or  Pleasure.     Puites,  with  Bath-rooms  and 
G<K  ets  adjoining,  Passenger  Elevator,  &c. 

Prices  reduced  to  $3.00,  $3.50,  and  $4.00  per  day.    ' 


D^^lH^Kd 


^^^^AiiMiBi^rfh 


ikHMiBMa 


tf«li 


ON," 


lOB,  New  York. 


ICULARLY 


SIRABLE 
roB 


▲RD 

tier  Xourista. 


i.iiiiinriMHWWHjMlWWWWWW 


tmmuquMwmm 


r, 


99 


h  Bath-rooms  and 


r  day. 


MALTBY  HOUSE, 


BALTIMORE,  MD., 


Has  been  recently  remodeled  and  enlarged,  and  possesses  all  the  modem  improve- 
ments requisite  for  the  comfort  of  the  traveling  public. 

The  Maltby  la  the  only  Hotel  conducted  on  the  COMBINED  AMERICAN 
AND  EUROPEAN  PLANS.  Having  connected  with  it  the  most  extensive 
EESTAUTl  ANT  in  the  city,  it  offen  its  patrons  the  advantage  of  either,  as  they 
may  select,  at  lower  prices  than  corresponding  accommodations  can  be  had  else- 
where In  the  city.  .„... ,.,,,,  .  . . ..^^._  ^.., -^ ,,,. _,  . .  ^^  ,^:.^^.    ,     . 


THE  ROOMS  ABE  OF  GOOD  SIZE  AND  WELL  VENTILATED,  WITH 
AMPLE  ACCOMMODATIONS  FOR  360  QUESTS. 


o.  n.  xzoa-.A.]sr,  i»h,oi»i%ibto»- 


BATESf  $2.50  and  $3.00  PER  DAY. 


pppwpwpppf" 


*i'i«tf«WM><ii  tiwmv4tmrfittmni  ^nrrwi'i^^ 


I 


:tjkMKwm  u^^nm. 


HAEVET  D.  PABKER, 
JOHN  F.  MILLS. 


SCHOOL  ST.,  BOSTON. 


OK    THE    EUBOPKAN    PL>N. 


R.  J.  ALLYN,  PROPRIETOR. 

HARTFORD,  CONN. 


ifflfiailiittifttwwiitti 


^k 


ri^^^^d^irtH 


^* 


tfH 


r.,  BOSTON. 


*  "■     '  ■  - 

- .  t 

:'<I'V-. 

^'J 

%           . 

IP 

» 

ONN.   ■ 

ly IMWIII ■ |IIHIIIIIIII|l|IHIWIIIil,lllll|IIHiWP 


WSSE:- 


STURTEVANT  HOUSE, 


■%  - 


IN   BROADWAY, 


FOR  ROOM  AND  BOARD,  $4.00  PER  DAY. 


The  Hotel  is  in  the  eeittre  of  the  city,  occupying  the  block  betweea 
28th  and  29th  Streets,  and  extending  back  one  hundred  and  ceventy'Six  feet  on  29th 
Street.  To  ita  unsurpasged  accomtnodations  for  gertlenien,  it  has  recently  added 
One  Hnndred  and  Fire  Suits  of  Large  Familr-Rooms,  possessing  every 
desirable  advantage  for  ladies  and  childrea.  .?(';.j':. 


S.    XiSXj.A.XTX).  PBOPBmos*. 


HENRY     MAURER, 

(jAiUqftheJFirm(tfMaur«rAff^tr,) 

PBOPRUTOB  or  TSS  ....:. 

EKCtLSIOR  FIRE  BRICK  AND  CLAY  RETORT  WORKS. 

WOBKS:    PERTH    AMBOY,  N.  -T., 
OfSao  and  Depot,  il8, 420  &  423  E.  28d  St.,  bet.  First  Ave.  and  Avenue  A,  New  York, 

■j'^  :s;>';^.'t;v,v„:;„Vy^  *-  jCAmTrAOTDBn  ov 

FIRE-BRICKS,   BLOCKS,   AND  TILES, 

yar  BalUBC-lIlUai  Sa^Wnrk*,  BlMt-Furnaeca,  Foanaarla*,  Uate-KllM.  (Haas-Wwhi, 

CInite-Flztiircsi  ct*. 

Btseka  and  Tiles,  of  any  ibe  or  shapo,  Made  to  C  der  at  the  shortest  ootloe,  sod  of  superior  quality. 

SOLI  XAm  KACTUBKB  OF 

HOILOW  BRICK  AND  ROOFING  TILE,  under  P.  HERVIER'S  PATENT, 

Used  throughout  Wuropi. 

Bpedsl  attention  is  invited  to  tbe  Oheafness,  Dobabilitt,  and  Exrai  Pbotbotiow  ASAiair 
Fiaa  aiftirded  by  BOOFINO  TIIiB  for  use  un 

J>epot»,  Vaeha,  Oa»-Work»t  oMd  Warehouse*, 

Hy  ftotory  (tbrmerly  owned  by  Jobbph  Fobsrs,  Esq.)  is  k>cated  at  Pertli  Amboy,  N.  J.,  within 
a  few  hundred  fleet  of  ttde-water,  affording  uneqoaled  rsolllttes  for  shipping:,  and  is  in  tbe  imme- 
diate Tiolnlty  of  tbe  finest  chy-bads  in  the  oooiitry. 

BUPBRIOB  FIRB OLAY  BY  TBB  TOIT  OR  OASOO.    Serui/or Prlce-Liit. 


;   ' 


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'^^  D.  APPtETON  k  00.,  PabMen,  Hew  Twii 


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tba  Diatrlct  named. 

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TEL.— SowMmt 
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k,  Tezaa,  AAanaa*, 
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and  objecta  of  Inl- 
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Jtg  England,  Scot- 
lem  Germany,  Swit- 
Jweden.  Containing 
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1876. 


TBADE 


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■\^:~.-.!tik-i 


;=-/■'■         .'.ii' 


FIRE-WORKS, 


FOR 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATIONS. 


■;V.fc-c.,/:.ti' 


PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  DISPLAYS, 


Host  Eeliable,  Brilliant,  and  &,fest. 


ALSO 


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THE  UNEXCELLED  FIRE-WORKS  CO., 


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miAmmmmmmmimm 


. 


The  most  complete  and    eUganUy  JUugtrated    Work  on 
\    .        :    ■       Europe  ever  produced. 

PICTURESQUE  EUROPE: 

A  DELINEATION  BY  PEN  AND  PENCIL  OF 

The   Mountains,  Rivers,    VaUss,   Shores,    Forests,   and  other  Natural 

Features,  and  the  Anoient  Ruins,  Cathedrals,  Castles,  Palaoes, 

Old  Structures,   and   other   Pioturesque  and 

Historlo  il   Plaoea  of 

GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  THE  CONTINENT. 


EdlUd  by  BAT  JED  TAYLOR. 


This  trnly  onperb  work,  which  has  now  been  for  several  yearR  in  MtWe  prepantion, 
will  contiiat  of  a  t  raplete  description  and  elaborate  pictorial  iUavtratlon  of  tlie  greater  part 
of  the  European  Continent.  It  will  portray  the  ^reat  moantaln-raiigea,  the  snperb  lake*,  the 
beantifnl  valteys,  the  grand  forests,  the  cascailca,  the  great  rivers,  with  their  fiiciiiatlng 
hiatorical  associations,  and  with  these  the  temples  and  ruins  of  ancient  Greece  and  Rome, 
he  gr«nd  Gothic  cathedrals,  the  qnaint  old  chnrches,  the  splendid  palaces,  the  grim  old 
txstles,  the  »;:ange  townc,  and  other  places  and  objects  of  note,  it  being  the  purpose  of  the 
pt  blishers  to  Illustrate  the  varied  picturesqne  and  historic  scenes  in  th&t  storied  land  with 
a  tnllnesB  and  artistic  effect  beyond  anything  hitherto  attempted. 

THE  ENGRAVINGS  OK  THIS  WORK  ARE  ALL  NiiW,  having  been  ezecnted  from 
■ketcheb  by  American  and  English  artists,  who  for  two  years  past  have  been  traveling  over 
every  part  ofEnrope,  in  order  to  secure  accurate  and  the  latest  views  of  picturesque  places. 
No  labor  and  no  cost  have  been  spared  to  render  the  illustrations  in  every  particular  not 
only  entirely  trustworthy  but  valuable  for  tbofr  artistic  excellence.  To  those  who  have 
visited  Europe  it  will  be  a  lasting  pleasure,  as  a  souvenir  of  the  places  they  have  seen;  to 
others  U  will,  in  its  minute  and  thorough  delin<;atlon  by  artist  and  writer,  afford  an  idea  of 
the  great  historic  ground  of  the  Old  World,  scarcely  less  vivid  than  that  of  actual  personal 
observation. 

The  engravings  will  consist  of  steel  and  wood.  The  steel  I'lates  will  be  printed  on  heavy, 
toned,  plate-paper;  the  wood  illustrations  will  be  of  the  finest  character,  and  abundantly  in- 
terspersed through  the  text,  which  will  be  printed  ou  heavy,  extra-calendered,  toned  paper. 
In  all  particnlars  of  manufacture,  care  will  be  taken  to  secure  a  truly  elegant  and  sumptuous 
work. 

PlOTTiBBsqint  Edbopk  is  uniform  with  and  is  designed  to  form  a  companion  work  to 

PIOTVBBSfilJE    A.HERIOA. 


CONDITIONS     OF     PUBLICATION. 

This  work  will  be  published  by  subscription.  In  parts,  at  Fifty  Cents  each,  payable  on 
delivery ;  the  carrier  not  being  allowed  to  receive  money  in  advance,  or  to  give  credit. 

Each  part  will  contain  one  higbly-flnlehed  engravtaig  on  steel,  and  a  large  number  of 
llnely-executed  woodcuts. 

The  work  will  probably  be  completed  in  Sixty  Parts;  it  w:  1  ?o*irt«Wv  not  exceed  Sixty- 
■Ix  Parts;  the  size  imperial  quarto,  It  will  be  printed  on  heavy,  toned,  highly-calendered 
paper,  made  expressly  for  this  work,  in  the  t<:st  manner  knoriu  to  the  art. 

Subscriptions  received  only  for  the  entire  work. 

D.  AFFLETON  k  00.,  Fabliahers,  549  &  t)Gl  Bioadwi^,  H.  I. 


iiMiNiMWIiillSiiiiii' 


itfi 


:    Work  on 


PEi 


)theF  Natupitl 


INT. 


etlre  prepamUon, 
>rthe  greater  part 
9  luperb  lake*,  the 
I  their  flwciiialing 
Jreece  and  Borne, 
ces,  the  grim  old 
be  pnrposo  of  the 
itorled  land  with 

ten  ezecnted  flrom 
een  traTeling  over 
|lctnre>qae  places, 
^ery  particular  not 
D  those  who  hare 
hey  have  aeen;  to 
,  afford  an  Idea  of 
ot  actaal  personal 

printed  on  heavy, 
tnd  abundantly  In- 
ered,  toned  paper. 
ot  and  samptnons 

nlon  work  to 


each,  payable  on 
give  credit. 
I  large  namber  of 

not  exceed  Sixly- 
hig^-calendered 


niwaj,  H.  T. 


HONEST   PUSH. 


In  our  January  number  we  alluded  to  the  genuine  enterprise  of  Dr.  Dundaa  Diok, 
the  gentleman  who  coats  fluid  medicines  with  a  film  of  gelatine,  so  that  they  shall 
not  offend  the  palate.  Our  remarks  were  merely  by  way  of  comment  upon  an  article 
in  the  Jf.  Y.  Reporter.  A  Christian  friend  of  ours,  a  druggist  by  profession,  calla 
attention  to  our  article  and  reminds  us  that^  in  our  well-intentioned  comments  on 
Dr.  Dick's  business  habit.s,  we  omitted  one  rery  essential  point — his  sterling  honesty. 
Our  iViond  thinks  that,  ordinarily,  too  much  credit  is  given  to  energy  and  bnsiness 
activity,  and  too  little  to  those  weightier  qualities  which  go  to  make  up  the  substan- 
tial character — integrity  and  scrupulous  fair-dealing.  He  says  that  the  example  to 
be  placed  before  men  is  not  that  of  success  achieved  by  cunning,  or  by  push,  or  by 
notoriety,  but  that  of  wealth  accumulated  or  influence  gained  by  righteousness— 
that  is,  by  right-doing. 

Our  friend  is  coirect,  and  we  never  held  to  any  other  view.  When  we  said  that 
Dr.  Dick's  success,  like  the  success  of  Hr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  resulted  largely  from  his 
ability  to  do,  better  than  any  of  his  many  employes  can  do,  all  the  multifarious  duties 
of  his  factory,  we  did  not  mean  to  indicate  that  his  intimate  practical  acquaintance 
with  the  details  of  his  vast  business  could  be  considered  as  taking  the  place  of  in- 
tegrity. Knowledge  cannot  compensate  for  lack  of  honesty.  The  two  must  go  band 
in  hand,  or  failure  will  come  sooner  or  later.  A  good  lady,  who  knpw  Mr.  Stewart 
when  he  had  only  one  clerk,  told  us  a  few  days  ago  that  he  never  allowed  that  clerk 
or  any  of  the  many  thousands  since  and  now  in  his  emplnv,  to  recommend  goods 
offered  for  sale.  His  plan  has  always  been  to  exhibit '~i''  ' '  i -les  and  let  them  do ' 
tbeir  own  talkhig.    So  with  Dr.  Dick.    Physicians  knov/     :  y  can  prescribe  his 

pure,  j>rotected  remedies  with  the  certainty  that  the  resuiv  oi-.dcipated  will  follow 
their  use.  They  tre  just  what  they  purport  to  be,  nothing  more,  nothing  less.  It 
is  08  if  he  were  to  seal  up  pure  oils  and  balsams  and  terebinthinates  in  transparent 
glass,  so  far  as  purity  is  concerned.  The  only  difference  is,  that  the  glass  is  soluble 
and  nutritious,  being  made  of  transparent  gelatine. 

Dr.  Dick  is  not  a  manufacturer  of  "  patent  medicines."  His  tasteless  remedies 
are  cot  secret  or  proprietary  nostrums,  but  are  strictly  "  officinal ; "  that  is,  author- 
ized medicines  of  the  United  States  Dispensatory.  It  is  only  in  selecting  pure,  fresh 
drugs,  and  protecting  them  well,  rapidly,  and  elegantly,  that  Dr.  Dick's  great  skill  is 
shown.  The  drugs  thus  inclosed  are  potent,  active,  powerful,  and  are  usually  or- 
dered by  physicians.  Druggists  of  our  acquaintance  testify  that  more  than  three- 
fourths  of  all  Dr.  Dick's  goods  sold  ure  called  for  by  written  prescriptions.  When 
thus  ordered,  the  druggist  removes  the  outer  wrapper,  and  only  the  magic  letters 
"  D.  D.  &  Co."  denote  the  maker's  hamo. 

The  products  of  no  chemist's  laboratory  stand  higher  than  his.  He  has  earned 
his  popularity  by  fair-dealing,  and,  by  the  integrity  of  his  methods  and  the  purity 
of  his  medicines,  placed  himself  on  the  plane  occupied  by  Dr.  Squibb  of  Brooklyn, 
whose  manufactured  drugs  stand  at  the  head.  If  knowledge,  energy,  and  good 
taste  have  done  much  of  this,  integrity  hab  done  even  more.  Druggists  and  doctota 
know  that  Dick's  tasteless  medicines  can  be  relied  upon.  In  the  one  word — fidth- 
fulness — we  have  the  causes  of  bis  vast  success  clearly  summed  up, — HatP*  Journal 
of  JXudA,  March,  1876. 


m 


FOR      1876 


APPLETONS'  JOURNAL, 

i  HOUSEHOLD  WEEKLY  MAGAZINE, 
DoTOtei  to  Popular  liter  ture,  anl  all  Xatten  of  Iaat«  and  Caltnre. 


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Journal  aims  to  be  toinprehensive,  including  in  its  plan  all  branches  of  literature, 
and  treating  aU  subjects  of  interest  to  intelligent  readers ;  it  designs  to  be  elevated 
in  taste  and  pure  In  tone;  it  gives  in  quantity  fully  twenty-6ve  per  cent  more  than 
the  largest  of  th?  Monthly  Magazines,  while  In  quality  its  literature  is  of  the  highest 
class. 


PRICE,  S4.00  PER  A>!NUM;    10  CEN-^S  PER  NUMBER. 


SPECIAL   ANNOUNCRMENT. 

The  undersigned  have  procured,  exclnsively  for  subgcribers  to  Applitonb'  Joub- 
NAL,  a  splendid  steel  engraving  of  "  Charles  Dickens  in  M»  Study," 
which  is  offered,  under  special  terms,  to  every  subscribei^— in  advance— to  the 
JccRNAL  for  1876. 

This  steel  engraving  is  in  line  and  stipple.  L  ic  not  a  fancy  picture,  but  an  act- 
ual represenUtJon  of  Chtrles  Dickens's  study  at  Gadehill,  while  the  portrait  of  the 
distinguished  author  is  strikingly  faithful. 

The  size  of  the  plate  is  20  x  U,  printed  on  heavy  plate-paper  24  x  80,  making  a 
large  and  handsome  engraving  for  ihe  psrlor  or  library  wall.  ITie  execution  of  the 
plate  Is  of  a  superior  order. 

The  ordinary  price  of  a  steel  engraving  of  this  character  in  the  print-shops  would 
not  be  less  than^w,  andperhapi  mx  dollar*.  It  is  offered  exdurivdy  to  »ub$erib«n, 
in  addition  to  ihe  JocBNAt,  for  one  year,  for  $6.00— that  is,  for  $1.00  additional,  each 
ysarly  advance  subscriber  to  the  Joprnal  for  1879  may  receive  a  superb  engraving 
w  orth  fully  five  times  the  amount. 

This  engraving  Is  entirely  new.  It  has  never  been  for  sale  in  the  print-shopa, 
an  i  eatmot  be  obtained  except  in  connection  with  Applbtons'  Journal  upon  the  terms 
an  I  conditions  glvun  above.    It  will  be  mailed  to  subscribers  postage  prepaid. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO., 

B4»  &  Ul  BBOADWAT,  V.  T. 


itfta 


riM^A 


^ 


ri^MHI*^ 


iki 


li  Cvltiuv. 


tiii-al  Improve- 
y.  Applktonb' 
»  of  literature, 
I  to  be  elevated 
!ent  more  tban 
I  of  the  highest 


MBER. 


TUtTONS'  JOUH- 

U»  Study," 

Ivance — to  the 

ire,  but  an  act- 
portrait  of  the 

s  80,  makbig  a 
tecution  of  the 

nt-ahops  would 
I  to  nubMribtn, 
idditional,  each 
lerb  engraving 

le  print-shops, 
ipon  the  terms 
prepaid. 

O., 

^DWAT,  V.  Y. 


THE  ART  JOURNAL. 

AN  INTERNATIONAL   GALLERY  OF  ENGRAVINGS, 
ly  DiitiipiiM  litiiti  of  liuvft  vU  kwma. 

WITH  HLDSTSATED  PAPERS  IN  THE  VARIODS  BRANCHES  OF  ART. 


Thk  Art  Journal  ;t  ■  moniMy  publication,  (pecially  dcvoi«d  to  the  world  of  An— Painlin|[, 
Sculpture,  Architecture,  DecorBtion,  EngmvinK,  Etching,  E^amelin|^  and  Dcaigning  in  all  iti 
brancho — having  in  view  the  double  purpox  of  Mipplying  a  complete  illudrated  record  of  progfaai 
in  the  Arts,  and  of  albrding  a  meana  for  Jie  cultivation  of  Art4aUe  among  the  people.  Each  num- 
ber in  richly  and  abundantly  illuttrated  on  both  ileel  xnri  wood.  It  contains  the  Steel  Plalea  and  II- 
Itutrations  of  the  London  Akt  Journal;  a  publicatibn  of  world-wide  fame  (the  excluiive  right  of 
whicl),  for  Canada  and  the  United  States  ha<  been  purchased  by  the  publuhcn);  with  txUnthn 
addittam  drvtUd  friHcipally  la  A  mfrican  A  rt  ami  A  mtrican  tiipki.  Among  the  fealurei  an  the 
following : 

X.  Th«  Home*  of  At^^HIow.     Tht  Stauly  Htmtt  cf  England  kavtfotmidu  vtrpflm- 
UmliHf^JtatHrt  0/  tkt  LoNUON  Art  Journal  for  many  ytart  ,•  at  a  comtanten  te 
this  arus,  tut  an  tiviMt  viewt  and  cuicrifUotu  o/tht  Hcmti  c/A  mtrica,  Including 
stalely"  tnantiant  ifflht  mort  wtaltky,  anil  \omt  0/ Iki  ^icinrttfm  rttktmett 

indt  for  Iht  furpou  hy  ctmptttnt 


thi     .. 

o/tJUftojlt. 
arliiU, 


'''hut  vitvu  art  /rtm  drawings 


A  tnttrUy  iffns- 


"VI. 


"vni. 
zx. 


n.  Th*  Var  WmK  ;  Colorado  and  tha  Paciflo  Ballwajr-   -^  *K      ,^     . 

traltdjoumiy  Ikrengk  Colorado,  and evtr  tk*  facf/k  Rallviay,  dtrivedjrom  ikiUkti 
madi  latl  nmmtr  ty  Mr.  J.  D.  iV»edw*nl,  and  tngrmvtd  m  Ikt  vtry  iett  manntr. 

XXX.  American  Artiata  and  their  Worka.     Tk*  teritt  of  arUciex  in  tkt  votnmi 

for  1875,  on  Amtriean  artittt,  aecom/anied  ty  txampUt  of  tktir  workt^  mtrt  very 
^/nlar,  tfJ  fiiill  it  centinutd  during  ikt  tutuing  ytar.  Tkt  ingravingt  in  iku 
teritt  njffotj  lomt  tftkt  iett  txampltt  ^vtood-cutting  mtr  givtn  to  tkt  public. 
ZV.  Houaehold  Art.  By  Chakus  Wvllis  Elliott.  Thit  valuable  teritt  ofillmt- 
trattd  paptrt  on  d»mtttic  art  mil  it  continued  .i'Ml  tke  subject  it  fully  covered. 
v.  Amarloan  Art-lKannftusturaa.  illuttrationt  of  interetting  productiont  in  Ikt 
practical  artt  art  given. 

New  Acuarloan  Ohorehea  and  Axnarloaix  Arohlteotore.     M^<r  »re  frt- 

paring  papert,  witk  vievit  of  some  of  Ike  finest  examplet  of  ckurck  arckilttlurt, 
and  alto  ofpicturttjutftaturtt  in  our  publtc  and  domtstic  buildings. 

VXX.  nie  Kronoh  Paintera  and  tbalr  Worka.     Tkt  Amtriean  addtnda  to  ikt 

Art  Journal  contain  txamplts  of^  Frtnck  A  rt,  txtcuted  in  a  tuperior  manner, 
wkieh  are  nel  given  in  tke  London  issue. 

Britlall  Artiata  and  their  Worka.     This  inttrttlingfialurt  will  be  comUntied. 
Art  In  Japan.  J/  S/r  RtmiBRFORD  Alcock;  Art  in  Xndia,  b)>  Dr.  Huntkh: 

attd  Art  in  Talaalllia.  ^  M.  E.  Rogers.    Papert  on  Iktte  sMbjtcIt  will eceatietf 

alfy  appemy. 

X.  Britiah  Art-lCantiftiotarea. 
XL  XUoatratlona  of  Art-Otdeota  in  the  OratMuilal  Bzhibition.     U^e  tktUl 

iUuttrate  ttlecHont  tf  tke  more  'striking  and  uottwotlky  objects  iff  an  A  ri-ckaracUr 
displayed  al  tkt  Sxkibition. 

XXZ.  TLo  Stately  Bomea  of  Kngland.    By  S.  C.  Hall.     Tkb,pepular  serbs  of  pit- 
pert,  dtteriplive  tffamout  old  places  in  Eng.and,  is  continued. 

ZXIX.  XUoatratett  Pajtera  on  vari^  'la  Produotiona  in  Art,  and  upon  Art-lkemet 

of  popular  intirttt, 

XXV.  Orialnal  Papera  fttxm  Parla  and  Itome,  on  A  ri-mattert  in  iktse  capitals. 

The  Steel  Illustrations  will  continue  tojustiiy  the  rcDuution  of  the  Art  Journal.  EadtBum- 
tter  contains  Three  Steel  Plates,  iu  nuuiy  instances  a  single  plate  being  worth  much  mora  thaa  tb« 
entire  price  of  the  number. 

Published  monthly.  Price,  seventy-five  cents  per  number,  or  nine  dollan  per  annum,  SOLD 
ONLY  BY  SUBSCRIPTION,  either  by  yearly  subiaiption,  delivered  through  the  peat,  pra- 
paid,  or  payable  monthly  oa  delivery  by  the  carrier. 

Subseriptiims  received  by  the  Publisheis,  or  their  Agents.  Agbhcibs:  aa  HawlT  St,  Boston; 
oaa  Chestnut  St,  Philadelphia;  33  Post-Office  Avenue,  Baltimore ;  100  Sute  St.,  A  .bany ;  4a  State 
St,  Rochester;  103  State  St,  Chicago;  30  W.  4th  St,  Cincinnati;  305  Locust  S  .,  St  Lonis;  90 
St  Chatlca  St,  New  Orieana;  330  Suuer  St.,  Sa.i  Frandsco. 

B.  APPLXTOV  ft  GO.,  FnbliAan,  549  ft  5S1  Broadwsyi  Hew  York. 


mm 


The  Pennsylvania  Railroad 

IB  "   ^  OBEAT  TBUin:  LINE  AID  MAIL  BOUTE  OF 
THE  TTHITED  STATES. 

IT  TRAVKR8E8  THE  MOST  INTERESTING  PORTIONS  OF  THE   NORTH 

AMERICAN  CONTINENT,  AND  DNITEfi  BY  UNBROKEN  TRACKS 

ALL  TUE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  ON  THE  ATLANTIC  COAST, 

ON    THE    GREAT    LAKES,    AND    IN    THE    MISS'"-  ■ .,, 

81PPI  VALLEY. 


Are  run  over  its  linos  between  NEW  YORK,  PIin.ADELPHIA,  BALTIMORE,  and 
WASHINGTON  in  tlie  East,  and  BUFFALO,  ROCHESTER,  ERIE,  CLEVE- 
LAND, DETROIT,  CHICAGO,  ST.  LOUIS,  CINCINNATI,  uid  ,;.; 
LOUISVILLE,  in  the  North,  West,  and  Southwest.                 „  ' 


The  Pennsylvania  Railroad 

IB  THE  BEST  OONSTBUOTEB  BAILWAI  ON  THE 

AMEBIOAB  OONTDffENT.  ,.  .  . 

Its  main  linos  are  laid  with  a  double  track  of  Steel  Rails,  secured  on  Oak  Ties 
imbedded  in  broken-»toiie  ballaat,  which  renders  them  impenious  to  the  action  of 
A-osts  or  fVeaheta,  and  prevents  annoyance  fh>m  dust.  All  Bridges  are  of  Iron  or 
Stone,  oonatrut^ed  on  the  bust-known  prinoipleo  for  safety  and  durability. 


The  Pennsylvania  Railroad 

BMS  THH  MOST  FEBFEOT  BOLLmO-STOOE  DT 
THE  WOBLD. 

Its  Engines  are  models  of  mechanical  ezoellenoe,  and  its  Passenger-Cars  are  un- 
equaled  for  comfort,  elegance,  and  strength.  Superior  Hotels  and  Eating-Houses  are 
provided  at  all  essential  points,  wliicli,  from  their  excellence  of  management  and 
reasonable  charges,  have  become  the  model  establishments  of  their  kind. 


The  Pennsylvania  Railroad 

ENTOIOEB  UFOH  ALL  ITS  EMFLOrEB  BTBIOT 
00UBTE8Y  AND  POLITENESB 

1,1  their  intercourse  with  the  Public,  and  uses  every  effort  to  secure  the  comfort  and 
contribute  to  the  enjoyment  of  its  patrons. 


ri^^^^AMM^rf^ 


_^ 


«■ 


Voad 

T  OF 


THE  NOBTII 
TRACKS 
)AST, 


-TIMORE,  and 
S,  CLKVE- 
I,  and 


Voad 

BE 


id  on  Oitk  Ties 
>  the  action  of 
•re  of  Iron  or 
ty. 


Voad 


r-Csrt  are  »m- 
ng-Houses  are 
nagement  and 
d. 


road 


T 


M  oomfort  and 


APPIiBTOIVS' 


American  Cyclopaedia. 


NEW  REVISED  EDITION. 


■nttralir  Mwrlttan  by  th*  »U«st  writm  on  ttwrnty  ■attiaot.    Vrlntad  firom 
saw  tyjw,  ftad  lUostrfttod  with  ■•▼aral  Tboiuuid  BiicrATiass  Mid  Ibtpa, 


The  work  originally  publiabed  under  the  title  of  Thi  Niw  AmaiOAH  Or(XOPA>iA 
waa  complMed  in  1868,  rinoe  which  time  the  wide  circuiation  which  it  has  attained 
in  all  parti  of  the  United  Statea,  and  the  aignal  deTelopmenta  which  hare  taken 
place  in  erery  branch  of  loienoo,  literature,  and  art,  have  induced  the  editora  and 
publiihera  to  aubmlt  it  to  an  exact  and  thorough  reviaion,  and  to  isaue  a  new  edition 
entitled  Thi  Amuuoam  Ctolopjidia. 

In  preparing  the  preaent  edition  for  the  preis,  it  has  accordingly  been  the  aim 
of  the  editon  to  bring  down  the  iuforroation  to  the  latest  poislble  dates,  and  to  fur- 
nish an  accurate  account  of  the  most  recent  discoveries  in  science,  of  every  fresh 
production  in  literature,  and  of  the  newest  inventions  <n  the  practical  arts,  as  well 
as  to  give  a  succinct  and  original  record  of  the  progress  of  political  and  historical 
events. 

The  illustrations,  which  are  introduced  for  the  first  time  in  the  present  edition, 
havebeen  added  not  for  the  sake  of  pictorial  effect,  but  to  give  greater  lucidity  and 
force  to  the  explanations  in  the  text  They  embrace  all  branches  of  science  and  of 
natural  history,  and  depict  the  most  famous  and  remarkable  features  of  scenery, 
architecture,  and  art,  as  well  as- the  various  processes  of  meohanioa  and  manufaot- 
ares.  Although  intended  for  instruction  rather  than  embellishment,  no  pains  have 
been  spared  to  insure  their  artistic  excellence;  the  cost  of  their  execution  is  enor- 
mous, and  it  is  believed  they  will  find  a  welcome  reception  as  an  admirable  feature 
of  the  Otolopjwia,  and  worthy  of  its  high  ohartcter. 

This  work  is  sold  to  Subsoribera  only,  payable  on  delivery  of  each  volume.  It 
will  be  completed  in  sixteen  large  octavo  volumes,  each  oontdning  about  eight  hun- 
dred pages,  AiUy  illustrated  with  several  thousand  Wood  Engravings,  and  with 
numerous  colored  Lithographic  Haps. 


PRICE  AND  STYLE  OP  BINDINO. 


In  Extra  Chttli,  -  - 
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•  per  vol.,  $9  00 
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In  Half  Ruiils,  extra  giltt  -  per  vol.,  $8  00 
In  Full  Morocco,  antiq««i  gilt  edges,  "  10  00 
In  Full  Rwila,     ...         »      10  00 


%*  Specimen  pages  of  Tn  AnuoAii  CroLOPirou,  showini;  type,  illuatratioDi, 
•ta,  will  b«  sect  gratis,  on  applioation. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers,  549  &  551  Broadway,  New  York. 


«*s»* 


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^> 


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1 1 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductlons  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^\ 


O^ 


1 1- 


5^«''/^>: 


SKLTZKK 


Z-fijV 


THE    GREAT 
APERIENT. 


^^ 


seltzi:k 


z-R\i. 


TARRANT'S 


fjfj'ir<$t4nt  ^ilim 


For  THIRTY  YEARS  has  received  the  favonble  recom- 
mendation of  tlie  Public,  and  been 

Useil  and  Frescrilieil  by  tbe  First  Pbysicians  in  tlie  Lanil 


BEST  REMEDY  KNOWN 

FOB 

Sick  Headache,  Nenws  Headache,  Dyspepsia,  Sou  Stoaach,  Blllois  Headache, 
Dizztnegg,  CosttTeaess,  Uss  of  Appetite,  Gait,  UdlgestlM,  Ttrpldltj  af 
the  Liver,  Gravel,  Rhevaiatlc  Aflkctlau,  Pllri,  Heartbin,  Sea- 
sickness, BUIoas  Attacks,  FeTcrs,  Ac,  JlCt 

For  Travelers  by  Sea  and  Land,  for  Females  in  Delicate  Health,  for  Persons 

of  Sedentary  Habits,  for  Physicians  in  charge  of  Hospitals,  for  Soldiers, 

for  Sailors,  for  Masters  of  Vessels,  especially  all  going  to  Hot 

Climates,  the  SELTZER  APERIENT 

IS  AN  INVALUABLE  COMPANION. 

SCrriBERS   FKOM   LATB   SUPPERS,    SUFFERERS    FROM    ABUSE   OF  :.IQU0R8,   SDFFEREHS 
FROM    EXCESSES   OF   ANT  KIND,  WILL   FIND   IN  TBI 

SELTZER  APERIENT  A  COOLING,  REFRESHING,  AND  INVIGORATING  DRAUGHT. 

It  ii  in  the  form  of  a  Powder,  careftilly  pat  np  in  botllea,  to  Itcep  In  any  climate,  and 
merely  reqalrea  water  ponred  npon  it  to  produce  a  dellghthil  efferreacent  hererage. 


s>«j^a: 


SELTZKH 


^R\t 


MANtTFACTUBED  ONLT  BT 

TABRAUTiCO,, 

278  GBEENWIOE  ST., 

Cor.  Warren,       New  Yobx, 

And  for  Sale  by 
Vruggittt  Oenerally. 


^^ 


SKLTZER 


^fRlt 


!  "*  t!i'.i»«ti).jit,imi:,ii . 


mmi 


18  HMteche, 

iditr  tf 

in- 


,  for  Persons 

Soldiers, 

Not 


scrrERERS 

G  DRAUGHT. 

7  climate,  and 
erage. 


CALIFORNIA! 

Tin  BED  &  HDHTIWlBTiniN  lilllWAY 

EmbraoM  under  one  minaffement  the  Or«at  Trunk  Bsllway  Lines  of  the  Wett  and  North- 
v>eit,  and,  with  Its  numerous  branches  and  connections,  forms  the 

Shortest  and  Quickest  Moute  between  CHICAGO 
and  all  points  in  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  North- 
ern Michigan,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Nebraska, 
CALIFORNIA,  and  Western  Territories, 


San  Vraneiaeo, 

SacramADto, 

Offden, 

Salt  Like  City, 

Cheyenne, 


Denver, 
Omaha, 

Council  BlulB^ 
TanktoD, 
Slooz  City, 


Minneapolis, 
Oodar  Rapids, 
Dubnquu, 
La  Crosse, 
Fra.  dn  Chlen, 


Winona, 
St.  Paul, 

Duluth, 

Marquette, 

L'Anse, 


Ishpemlnir, 
Negauaeo, 
Escanaba, 
Oreen  Hay, 
Menasha, 


Stevens  Point, 
Orhkosh, 
Madison, 
Milwaukee, 


Are  all  on  the  line  of  this  great  road,  or  are  reached  by  this  route  with  less 
changeft  of  cars  than  by  any  other 

On  the  arrival  of  the  trains  tro^n  the  East  or  South,  the  trains  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
BaUway  LEAVE  CHICAGO  as  ftiUows: 


jPor  Sparta  and  Winona,  and  points 
In  Minnesota,  One  Through  Train  dally,  with 
Pullman  Hleepers  to  Winona. 

For  DubutfUffVii  Freeport,Two Through 
Trains  daily,  with  Pullman  Cars  on  night  tniins. 

For  nubuque  and  La  CVoaxe,  via 
Clinton,  Two  Through  Trains  dally,  with  Pull- 
man (Jan  on  night  train  to  McGregor,  Iowa. 

For  Slows  City  and  Yaukton,  Two 
Trains  dally.  PuUman  Can  to  Missouri  Valley 
Junction. 

For  Zake  Oeneva,  Four  Trains  dalhr. 

For  Boekford,  Sterling,  Keuotha, 
tTanenvllle.  and  other  points,  yon  can  have 
from  two  to  ten  trains  dally. 


For  Couneft  Bluffit,  Ontaha,  and 
California,  Two  Through  Trains  dallv,  with 
Pullman  Palace  Drawing-Room  and  Sleeping 
Can  through  to  Council  BlnSk. 

For   St.    Paul    and    Minneapolis. 

Two  Through  Trains  dally,  with  Pullman  Palace 
Can  attached  on  both  tnuns. 

For  0-re<fn  Bay  and  Zakc  Superior, 

Two  Trains  dally,  with  Pullman  Palace  Can  at- 
tached, and  running  through  to  Marquette. 

For  Mllwaukex,  Four  Through  Trains 
dally,  Pullman  Cars  on  night  trains,  Fablob 
CoAtB  Cabs  on  day  trains. 

All  trains  on  the  Michigan  Central,  Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Wayne,  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  South- 
ern, and  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroads,  mahe  connection  with  this  popular  route  for  all  points  ^est, 
North,  and  Northwest. 

All  Blzpress  tralnit  on  this  route  are  equipped  with  WBSTiHsnoirsi  Patbitt  Aib  Bbakis  and  Mil- 
leb's  Satbtt  Platfobm  and  Ooitplebs— the  most  perfect  protection  against  accidents  known. 

This  popular  route  Is  unaurpaased  for  speed,  comfort,  and  safety.  The  smooth,  well-ballasted, 
and  perfect  track  of  steel  rails,  the  celebrated  Pullman  Palace  Sleeping- Care,  the  perfect 
telegraph  system  of  moving  trains,  the  regularity  with  which  they  run,  the  admirable  arrangement 
for  running  throngh-oan  fh>m  Chicago  to  all  iiolnta  West,  North,  and  Northwest,  secure  to  passen- 
gers all  the  ooicroBTs  in  modbbr  bailwat  tbavbung. 

THE  PVLI.MAK  DRAWISG-ROOM  AND  SLEEPING  CARS,  such  as 
run  on  this  popular  route,  are  so  constructed  as  to  combine  the  convenience  and  elegance  or  a  private 
parlor  by  day,  and  the  comforts  of  a  well-fUrniehed  bedchamber  by  nifrht— clean  bedding,  thick  hair 
mattresses,  thorough  ventilation,  etc.  Conductora  and  porters  accompany  each  oar  to  provide  for 
the  wanta  of  passengen. 

Thla  la  the  only  line  racnlnv  these  oars  between  Ohic»co  and 
St.  Paul,  or  Ohioaffo  and  Milwaukee. 

At  Omaha  our  sleepera  connect  with  the  overland  sleepera  on  the  Union  Paolflo  Ralhnad  fbr  all 
pointa  west  of  the  Mlasonri  River. 

Ask  any  ticket  agent  to  show  you  Its  maps  and  tlmo  cards.  All  ticket  agents  can  sell  yoa 
through  tickets  by  this  route. 

New  York  Office,  416  Broadway;  Boston  Office,  6  State  Street;  Omaha  Office,  288  Famham 
Ptreet ;  San  Franoiaoo  Office,  181  Montgomery  Street ;  Chicago  Ticket  Offices :  42  Clark  Street,  un- 
der Sherman  House ;  corner  Canal  and  Madison  Streets;  KInzio  Street  Depot,  comer  West  Ktnzle 
and  Canal  Streets;  Wells  Street  Depot,  corner  Wells  and  KInzle  Streets. 

For  rates  or  information  not  attainable  <h>m  yoar  home  ticket  agents,  apply,  to 


MARVIN  HUOHITT, 

Gen.  Sup't,  Chlooga 


W.  H.  8TENNETT, 

Gen.  Pass.  Agent,  Oilaago. 


«sw  To^rnc 


BELTM  m  PACm  COIFMY, 

The  oldest  and  largest  manufacturere  in  the  United  States  of 

VULCANIZED  RUBBER  FABRICS, 


IN   EVERT   FOBM, 


^»M9ltM®  r&  MSi?m;t^iC^I,  ^&9P0SKS»' 


OOHPBISINO 

IHACHIIfE  BELTING  with  smooth  metallic  rubber  surface. 

STEAM  PACKING  in  every  form  and  variety. 

LEADING  AND  SUCTION  HOSE,  of  any  size  or  strengtn. 

PATENT  «  SMOOTH  BORE  *>  RUBBER  SUCTION  HOSE. 

«TEST*>  HOSE.— This  extra  qnality  of  Hose  is  made  expressly 
for  Steam  Fire>Eiigine  nse,  and  will  stand  a  pressure  of  400  lbs.  per 
square  inch. 

ANTISEPTIC  LINEN  HOSE,  a  cheap  and  durable  Hose  for  mill  and  factory 
purposes. 

ANTISEPTIC  RUBBER-LINED  LINEN  HOSE,  the  lightest  Hose  man- 
ufactured lor  use  on  Hand  or  Steatn  Fire-Engines.  Will  Rtand  a  pressure  of 
800  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

CAR  SPRINGS  of  a  superior  quality,  and  of  all  the  various  sizes  used. 

SOLID  EMERT  VULCANITE  WHEELS  for  grinding  and  polishing  met- 
als— the  ORIGINAL  Solid  Emery  Wheel,  of  which  all  other  kinds  are  imiutions 
and  greatly  inferior. 

CAUTION. 

Our  name  is  stamped  in  ftM  on  all  our  best  Standard 
melting,  Packing,  and  Hose.  Buy  that  only.  The  best  is 
the  cheapest. 

WABEHOUSE.  37  k  38  FABK  HOW,  NEW  TORI 

JOHN  H.  CHBEVER,  Treaaux«r. 


Price-lists  and  Airther  information  may  be  obtained  by  mail  or  otherwise  on  ap- 
plication. 


TM, 


of 


BRICS, 


*OSMS, 


a. 
HOSE. 

made  exprenly 

re  of  400  lbs.  per 

or  mill  and  factory 

Lightest  Hose  man- 
stand  a  pressure  of 

izes  used. 

and  poliRliing  met- 
Einds  are  imitations 


test  Standard 
.     The  best  is 


,  Treasurer. 

)r  otiierwise  on  ap- 


itl'l  •""!"' 


'  •-■•i'J? 


■■i'***ft*'»iyfftm;'y-'  •V*\'rTrt^. 


•*v»H^4■UMm'■^■^H-x^■^^%^m^?%,'^^'^^^^^^^^^^ 


w 


ti 


BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO., 


39  WALL  STREET,  VAKW  YORK. 


^€«4M^E 


OM 


•      GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 


COHMERGIAL  Al  TRAVELINI}  CREDITS 


issup:i). 


AVAILABLE  IH  ANT  PART  OF  THE  WORLD. 


TELEGRAPHIC  TRANSFERS  OF  MONEY  MADE 


TO  ANl)   KHOM 


LONDON   AND    LIVhIRPOOL. 


■  Tg*;.»!'-5i]gw»i!aa!.AW'wwt4iwMW'w  wk<M^^ 


Biii'.'itowiwiwi'jMiia^iliwiMWiiWMW  ' 


wmmmfmisnt 


&C0., 

ORK. 


kmm. 


AND. 


rOBLD. 


ONEY  MADE 


MORTON,  BLISS  &  CO., 


8    BItOAJD    STUBBX. 


CIRCULAR   NOTES 


0» 


CIRCULAR  LETTERS  OF  CREDIT, 


FOR  TRAVELERS, 


/^:■■•'^ 


AVillABlE  IM  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


OtmaeTOlftl  Creitts  ami  PrMIs 


ON 


Morton,  Rose  &  Co.,  London, 
The  Bank  of  Scotland  and  Branches, 

The  Provisional  Bank  of  Ireland  and  Branches. 


•■■".t'lmm 


X 


"^H^^^^^^^' 


V  I'TT" 


aSR 


JOHN  MUNROE  &  CO., 


FOREIGN  BANKERS, 


No.  8  Wall  Street,  NEW  YORK, 

No.  4  Post-OfBce  Square,  BOSTON, 

FURNISH     EXCHANGE 
^OR    COMMERCIAL    AND    TRAVELING   PURPOSES, 


«nr 


PABI8,  LONDON,  BERLIN,  AND  VIENNA. 


CJLBLE  TRANSFERS  ON  PARTS. 


CIBSULAB  NOTES  AND  TBAVELINa  CBEDITS, 

IN    POUNDS   8TKRUNQ   AND   IN   FRANCS, 

ISSUED  FOR  CASH,  OR  ON  SATISFACTORY    Ol/ARANTEE    OF    REPAY- 
.-...■    MENT.  ,  .  .-    ..,    '^ 


HOUSE  VS  FABIS: 

BY    WHOM 

ACCOUNTS  WITH  AMERICAN  BANKS  AND  BANKERS  ARE  OPENED,  ON 

FAVORABLE  TERMS. 


Trr^r^^fTss^r-sTs. 


"■  II     iiii^i'W.tW|ffp;ww.> 


CO., 


i  ■>» 


ERS, 

>STON, 

PURPOSES, 
!NNA.    . 

'PARTS. 

CREDITS. 

iTTEE    OF    REPAY- 


'♦f 


ARE  OPENED,  ON 


DREXEL    &    CO., 


\  JV 


Bankers, 


34  South  Third  Street,  Philadelphia, 


DREXEL,  MORGAN  &  CO.,         DREXEL,  HARJES  &  CO., 

Broad  and  Wall  Streets,  31  Boulevard  Hauumann, 

NEW  YORK,  \        PARIS, 


.  /SSC/E 


Commercial  and  Travelers'  Letters  of  Credit  and 
Bills  of  Exchange  on  all  parts  of  Europe, 
Negotiate   State,  Municipal,  and 
R.   R  Securities.  -• 


BUT  AND  SELL  QOTERKHENT  BONDS  STOCKS  AND  &OLD. 

TBAN8A0T  ▲  aSNlSAL  BAZnQNa  BUSINIBS. 


I 


r 


REVERE   HOUSE, 

■OWOOIN  SQUARI,  BOSTON. 


A  now  and   improved   FaHKeiigor  Klevator,  with   otlier  recent  improTements, 
renders  the  Revere  HoiiHe  one  of  the  moat  perfect  Hotel*  in  the  world. 


TREMONT  HOUSE, 

COR.  TREMONT   AND   BEACON    8X8. 


Tlie  old  "Tremunt"  it>  ui  perfect  appointment,  and   offera  unnurpassed 
accommodation  to  the  tniveling  public. 


THB  ABOrS  HOTKhS  AHE  UXnKB  OWX  MASA6BMXNT. 


CHAPIN,  GURNEY  A  CO.,  Pronrletops. 


Lil. 


SE, 


[■A 


sent  Improrements, 
aU  in  the  world. 


USE, 


srs. 


jflers  unsurpassed 
c. 


AXABEMMST. 


).,  Proprietors. 


The  Handsomest  Illuslralcii  Work  ever  produced 
in  this  country. 


PlCTURHSQUE   AMERICA; 


»•    •  •>  Jt  ■ 

OR, 


*»4    i.T? 


T^///:"   LAND    WlilJVJi  IN. 

EDITKII    HV 

WILLIAX  OVLLEN  BB7ANT. 


A   Pictorial    Dalineiitlnii  ol'  the    Mti..ii)t>iiiia,  Rivei  ••,   LRV<ea,  Fot>eats, 

WBter-fnlla,  Shores.  Cnriynnr,  Valleys,  Cities,  and  other 

Pictiii-ewi'-ie   Fcnturos  of  cur  Country. 


Tlic  |iulili:<)i  '•*  i-luint  that  no  piiblicaiion  uC  the  kind  ha**  evur  be.>n  altcinptud  '  '. 
tlif  ooiintry  on  a  ticale  ho  large,  uitli  dcnigii  ho  libi-ral,  and  with  rt'Hultn  80  really 
iiiHgniflcont.  They  ofTer  it  to  tht-  American  piiblio  ax  not  oid,>  the  grentext  and 
fullest  expoHitioii  of  our  country  that  hat*  yet  been  made,  but  w*  a  luoniiment  of  na- 
fivo  art  worthy  the  geniuH  and  reputation  of  our  people. 

The  cngriivingH  ron»int  of  sti'cl  and  w(M)d.  The  Htcel  platen  iir.'  printed  on  heavy, 
toned  plat.>-p.i|>ei';  the  woid  illiHtnitionH  are  of  the  Hnent  charai-tcr,  and  abundant- 
ly inter.-ipei-Hed  through  the  text,  which  are  printcl  on  heavy,  extru-ealendered, 
toned  paper.  '>'■!' 5'i' 

cosDiTioya  of  jpvblicati'ht. 

This  work  is  published  in  semi-monthly  parts,  at  Fifty  oentfl  each,  payable  on 
delivery. 

Each  part  coutaiuH  one  highly-finished  engraving  on  steel,  and  a  large  number  of 
finely-execute  I  woodcuts. 

The  work  is  co  iiplote  in  Koi-ty-eiijjlit  parte :  the  size  imparial  quarto. 
(Subscriptions  received  only  for  the  entire  work.  i^    .' 

D.  APPLETON  A  CO.,  Publiahera, 

549  &  S6l  Broadway,  New  Tobk. 


...ixuitlly: 


THE    GREAT 


^^ 


si:i;r/i:K 


^^f/^y    APERIENT. 

TARRANT'S 


^Rfl/k/. 


SKI/rZKU 


^«\t 


f<rw$ti!«t  ^tlU'^x  ^\m'mi 


For  TKIRTY  YEAKH  Imi  rcn-lved  the  fRvorablt*  recum- 
iiieiidatloii  of  thu  l'ul)llc,  and  been 

Used  and  Prescritied  tiy  tbe  First  PtiysiciaDS  in  tlie  Land 


BEST  REMEDY  KNOWN 

roH 

Sick  Headache,  Ncrtrai  Headache,  U]fitpe|i«la,  H*t  8loaach,  BIIUi*  Headache, 

DIizIbcm,  CaslhracM,  Um  tf  Appetite,  Goat,  Indlirettlea,  Tarplditf  af 

the  LiTcr,  GniTel,  Bheaaiatlc  Alkctlaai,  Pllrg,  Hcartban,  8ea- 

HIckacM,  Bllioai  Attacki,  Ferrrs,  Jic,  Ac. 

For  Travtltrs  by  Sta  and  Land,  for  FtmifUs  in  Delicate  Health,  for  Persons 

of  Sedentary  Hahits,  for  Physicians  in  charge  of  Hospitals,  for  Soldiers, 

for  Sailors,  for  Masters  of  Vessels,  especially  all  going  to  Hot 

Climates,  the  SELTZER  APEklENT 

IS  AN  INVALUABLE  COMPANION. 
gurncRBRs  rROM  lati  supprrh,  BcrrERKRB  from  abvbr  op  liquors,  RurrRRKiw 

FROM    RXCKBBKS   OP   ANY    KIND,  WILL    PIND    IN   THE 

SELTZER  APERIENT  A  COOLING,  REFRESHING,  AND  INVIGORATING  DRAUGHT. 


It  Ir  In  thu  form  of  a  Powder,  carcl\ill7  put  up  In  botllei,  to  knep  Id  any  climate,  ar.d 
merely  requlffR  water  poured  upon  it  to  produce  a  delightful  efferreacent  berenKe. 


^^ 


SKLT/KH 


MANUFACTURBD  ONLY  BT 

TARRAMT  &  CO., 

278  aBEENWIOE  ST., 

Cor.  Warren,       Nbw  York, 

And  Tar  Sale  by 
Vruffglatt   Qenerally, 


SKLTZKH 


CrxS. 


ttmi 

iland 

loii  Headadie 
irnMltf  •t 

th,  for  Persom 
''or  Soldiers, 
to  Hot 

)N. 

KB,  BUrrERKRB 

ING  DRAUGHT 

•njr  climate,  ac( 
leverage. 

r 
1 

<fl4>:^ 

^^PiA 

rzi:i{ 

^ 

tf'*       ,     K    ^       »      _»-      .f 


.  1     .     UjA,«. 


"THE  EBBITT  HOUSE," 


=  jp 


,Wt.    ■      .VJtrt!'. 


iK^LVv^: 


-*  U',«rf-». 


Washington  City,  U.  S., 


CORNIR  P  and  14th  STRUTS. 


HEADQUARTERS  ARM7  AND  NAVY. 


C.   C.  WILLARD,        :.  : 


I 


il 


Through  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson  by  DayHght! 

AFTERNOON     BOAT 

FOB 

Newbuh&h,  West  Point,  Pooshkeepsie,  Rondoot,  and  Kingston, 

lakdhco  at 

Cozzens's  (Highland  Falls),  West  Point,  Cornwall,  Milton,  and  New  Hamburgh. 


MEALS     SERVED    AT     A1.L     HOURS. 


MARY    POWELL, 

OAPT.  ANDKR80N, 

Will  leave  every  Afternoon  (Sundays  excepted^  trom 

VESTRY  STREET,  PIER  39,  NORTH  RIVER,  AT  3.30  P.  M., 

Affording  a  flae  opportunity  for  viewinfr 

THE    HIGHLANDS    BY    DAYLIGHT. 

CONlfECTIONS. — With  Eltvated  Railway  ai  Canal  SIrett.  Lake  Mehonk,  Palt*  Point. 
With  EvtniKg  Traim  ai  Poughkteptit for  tht  North.  With  Ntv)  Yo-  k,  Kingiien  &•  Syracut* 
Railroad.     With  PtHmylvania  Railroad  to  and/rom  Philadtlphia. 

Paokasea  of  Tioketa  Sold  at  Beduoad  Satea. 


NOETH. 

lieave  Naw  York,  Vestry  8t 8  80  p.  m. 

"     Cooena's  Hotel  Dock 6  00  " 

"     West  Point 6  10  " 

»     Cornwall 6  8u  " 

•'     Newborgh 8  48  " 

"     New  Hamburgh  and  Marlboro'.T  16  " 

»     Milton T80  " 

"     Poughkeepr'e 7  46  " 

Anlvlng  at  Bondoat  and  Kingston. . .  8  80  " 


SOUTH. 

Leave  Boudont  and  Kingston 8  80  a.  m. 

"     Poughkeepsie 6  80  " 

"     Milton 646  " 

"     Marlboro' and  New  Hamburgb.T  00  " 

"     Newburgh 7  80  " 

"     Cornwall 7  48  " 

•*     West ''olnt 6  08  " 

"     Oozzens's  Hotel  Dock 8  10  " 

Arriving  in  New  Yerk 10  46  " 


TICKETS  SOLD  AND  BAGGAGE  CHECKED  THROUGH  TO  AND  FROM  PHILADELPHIA. 


iRht! 


Kingston. 

4ew  Hamburgh. 


ts. 


r 


L. 


4 T  3.30  P.M., 


iHT. 

VakoMk,  Paltt  PaM, 
iingiUm  &•  SyratMtl 


H. 

ttiin 6  80  ▲.M. 

680  » 

846  " 

Hainbur(rb.T  00  " 

, T80  " 

T46  " 

806  " 

jck 8  10  " 

104S  " 


I  PHILADELPHIA. 


WINDSOR  HOTEL, 

FIFTH  AYEPE,  46tll  k  m  8TS.,  NEW  TOBL 


HAWK,    WAITE,    S-   WETHERBEE,  PROPRIETORS, 


The  Windsor  ifl  more  magnificent  and  commodious,  and  contains  more  real  com- 
forts, tlian  any  other  Hotel  in  America. 

Its  location  is  delightful,  being  surrounded  by  the  most  fashionable  residences 
in  New  York ;  it  is  also  near  the  famous  Central  Park  and  within  three  minutes' 
walk  of  the  Grand  Central  Railway  Station.  The  rooms,  with  all  the  modem  im- 
provements, are  especially  adapted  for  travelers ;  this  Hotel  also  has  elegant  apart- 
ments, en  tuUt  for  famUies,  permanent  or  transient.  The  light,  ventilation,  and  san- 
itary qualities  are  perfect,  and  cannot  be  excelled. 


8A1C1TEL  HAWK,         OHAS.  C.  WAITS,         GABDHSB  WETHEBBEE, 

<f  at.  Nicholas  BoM,  cf  BtvMort  Bout$,  laU  tf  Btvtn  Soum,  Bottm. 


;!Kiii'i  ".; ,,;,;:,;.: 


i; 


; 


^ 


I 


^^^^ 


f  " 


.V.  i.ii,^  ..'..iii-ie^  i****'"""' 


MHHII 


